2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma

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2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma
Flag of Oklahoma.svg
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  James Lankford, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg Johnson c.jpg
Nominee James Lankford Connie Johnson
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote557,002237,923
Percentage67.85%28.98%
2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma results map by county.svg
Country results
Lankford:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%
U.S. senator before election

Tom Coburn
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

James Lankford
Republican

The 2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma took place on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Oklahoma, concurrently with the regularly-scheduled election to Oklahoma's other Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

Contents

This special election was held to fill the remaining two years of incumbent Republican Senator Tom Coburn's second term. Coburn, a strong supporter of term limits, had announced even before he was elected to the Senate in 2004 that he would only serve for two terms. After he was re-elected in 2010, he reaffirmed that he would not run for re-election in 2016. [1] [2]

In January 2014, Coburn announced he would resign early at the end of the 113th United States Congress on January 3, 2015. [3] [4] As pursuant to Oklahoma law, he submitted an "irrevocable letter of resignation" to take effect on that day. Thus, the special election was held while he was still in office. [5] [6]

Unlike most states, except in very specific circumstances, [lower-alpha 1] Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin did not have the power to appoint a replacement senator. Instead, state law required her to schedule the special election "as soon as practicable". [8]

Primary elections were held on June 24, 2014. The Republicans nominated U.S. Representative James Lankford; as no candidate in the Democratic primary received more than 50% of the vote, a primary runoff election was held on August 26 between State Senator Connie Johnson and perennial candidate Jim Rogers, which Johnson won. In the general election, Lankford defeated Johnson in a landslide (winning every county) and was sworn in on the day Coburn's resignation took effect. When Lankford won re-election in 2016 and 2022, he won every county both times.

Republican primary

By April 2014, Lankford and T.W. Shannon were seen as the main contenders for the Republican nomination, with Brogdon a potential spoiler who was running even further to the right than they did. Although there was reported to be "little daylight ideologically" between Lankford and Shannon, and both are associated with the Tea Party movement, Shannon attracted the support of figures including Ted Cruz, Mike Lee and Sarah Palin and organizations including FreedomWorks and the Senate Conservatives Fund. They criticized Lankford for his votes to raise the debt ceiling and for being a member of the Republican House leadership. Supporters of Lankford, including the chairman of the Oklahoma Republican Party, pointed out Shannon's ties to the establishment-supporting Congressman Tom Cole, accused Cruz, Lee, Palin and the others of being "outsiders" who were attempting to meddle in the state's primary, and also pointed out that the aforementioned had previously criticized Coburn, whom they were now praising in an attempt to woo him into supporting Shannon. [9] Local Tea Party groups also criticised the national conservatives, saying in an open letter that they had endorsed Shannon without consulting them or examining his record, that Shannon was a "poser" who "had never stepped foot" in a Tea Party meeting before announcing his run for the Senate and "no longer attends grassroots meetings nor does he seek the grassroots support". [10]

In June, Coburn responded to attack ads calling Lankford a "Washington insider" who "votes with liberals" by saying that "political advertisements by groups... supporting T.W. Shannon have crossed an important line — they simply aren't truthful and they mischaracterize James Lankford's service in Congress." He also called Lankford "a man of absolute integrity" who was "one of the most honest, thoughtful and sincere men I have met in my time in Washington." He also praised Lankford's "life experience", "perspective" and willingness to fight the "status quo", but stopped short of fully endorsing him. He did however say that "as a voter", the negative ads from pro-Shannon groups made him question Shannon's ability to govern. [11]

By mid-June, Lankford was considered to have the momentum, a reversal of fortunes, though a runoff was considered likely. [12] Shannon's negative advertisements were considered to have backfired, in contrast to Lankford's advertisements, which were largely positive. Lankford also raised and spent more money than Shannon, who was not significantly helped financially by national conservative groups, who had focused their attention on the primary runoff in Mississippi between incumbent senator Thad Cochran and conservative challenger Chris McDaniel. The runoff in Mississippi was held on the same day as the primary in Oklahoma and Alexandra Jaffe of The Hill reported that Shannon's best hope was to force a runoff, which would allow the national groups to refocus on Oklahoma. [13] Outside spending for Shannon was $1.8m compared to $170,000 for Lankford but Lankford spent $1.8m to Shannon's $1.1m. [14]

In what was considered a surprise result, Lankford defeated Shannon by over 20%, negating the need for a runoff. Lankford ran a strong, well-organised campaign, considered by Congressman Tom Cole to be "probably the best organization in the state that was operating at this time". He was also helped by his "existing statewide presence grounded in the state's burgeoning Baptist community", which goes back to his time before politics when he ran the Falls Creek Baptist Youth Camp, [15] and the fact that his congressional district is based in Oklahoma City, where turnout was predicted to be high because there was also a competitive race in the Republican primary to succeed him. To attempt to counteract that, Shannon targeted the media market in Tulsa. [12] [14] Finally, unlike in other races, there was no split between the establishment and the Tea Party, with Shannon not capitalising on an "anti-establishment" wave that benefited others like Ben Sasse in Nebraska. Cole summarised: "We don't need people coming in and telling us who conservatives are, [because] everybody is a conservative. There are no moderates." [14] State Senator David Holt, who supported Shannon, said that Coburn's comments about Lankford were the most important factor, saying that "Senator Coburn is enormously respected in Oklahoma, and when it appeared that he had a preference, I think that the voters listened." [14]

Candidates

Declared

Declined

Endorsements

James Lankford

Individuals

State Legislators [37]

T.W. Shannon

Individuals

Organizations

State Legislators [50]

Declined to endorse

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin of
error		Randy
Brogdon		Andy
Craig		Kevin
Crow		James
Lankford		Eric
McCray		T.W.
Shannon		J. C.
Watts		Jason
Weger		OtherUndecided
Harper Polling [51] January 30 – February 1, 2014627± 3.91%———37%—8%40%2%—13%
———54%—18%—1%—27%
Tarrance Group* [52] February 10–12, 2014500± 4.9%——3%47%—17%———33%
Public Opinion Strategies [53] February 9–11, 2014 ?± ?———51%—16%——1%32%
Public Opinion Strategies [54] March 16–17, 2014500± 4.38%7%——37%—28%——3%25%
Public Opinion Strategies [53] April 21–22, 2014500± 4.48%7%——32%—42%——3%16%
NSON Opinion Strategy [55] April 23–29, 2014400± ?3.5%1%0.3%30.8%—32%——1.0%32.5%
American Viewpoint [56] April 27–29, 2014 ?± ?———36%—34%—— ? ?
SoonerPoll [57] May 5–10, 2014580± 4.07%4.5%0.6%1.7%33.8%0.6%31.9%—1.5%—25.4%
Tarrance Group* [58] May 12–14, 2014501± 4.5%5%——43%—33%———18%
American Viewpoint [56] May 27–29, 2014500± 4.4%4%——48%—26%——3%18%
Public Opinion Strategies [59] June 7–9, 2014600± 4.81%———39%—37%——6%18%
Tarrance Group* [60] June 9–11, 2014500± 4.5%———41%—34%——7%18%
SoonerPoll [61] June 14–18, 2014415± 4.81%3%——41%—38%——2%16%
SoonerPoll [62] June 19–21, 2014840± 3.38%4.2%0.4%1.4%43.4%0.9%34.9%—1.5%—13.3%
Hypothetical runoff polling
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin of
error		Randy
Brogdon		James
Lankford		Undecided
NSON Opinion Strategy [55] April 23–29, 2014400± ?10.2%50%39.8%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin of
error		James
Lankford		T.W.
Shannon		Undecided
NSON Opinion Strategy [55] April 23–29, 2014400± ?30.2%38.2%31.5%

Results

Results by county .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Lankford 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% Shannon 40-50% 50-60% 70-80% 2014 United States Senate election in Oklahoma Republican primary results map by county.svg
Results by county
  Lankford
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  Shannon
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   70–80%
Republican primary results [63]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican James Lankford 152,749 57.24%
Republican T.W. Shannon 91,85434.42%
Republican Randy Brogdon 12,9344.85%
Republican Kevin Crow2,8281.06%
Republican Andy Craig2,4270.91%
Republican Eric McCray2,2720.85%
Republican Jason Weger1,7940.67%
Total votes266,858 100.00%

Democratic primary

Candidates

Declared

Withdrew

  • Charles Jenkins, retired federal employee [67]

Declined

Endorsements

Connie Johnson

Individuals

Organizations

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin of
error		Patrick
Hayes		Connie
Johnson		Jim
Rogers		OtherUndecided
SoonerPoll [77] May 5–10, 2014631± 3.9%5%9.2%9.4%—76.3%
SoonerPoll [62] June 19–21, 2014781± 3.5%6.4%13.2%5.4%—75.1%

Results

Results by county Johnson 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 70-80% Rogers 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% Hayes 30-40% 2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma Democratic primary results map by county.svg
Results by county
  Johnson
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   70–80%
  Rogers
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  Hayes
  •   30–40%
Democratic primary results [63]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Constance N. Johnson 71,462 43.84%
Democratic Jim Rogers 57,598 35.34%
Democratic Patrick Hayes33,94320.82%
Total votes163,003 100.00%

Runoff

Results by county Johnson 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% Rogers 50-60% 60-70% 2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma Democratic primary runoff results map by county.svg
Results by county
  Johnson
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  •   80–90%
  Rogers
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
Democratic primary runoff results [78]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Constance N. Johnson 54,762 57.99%
Democratic Jim Rogers39,66442.01%
Total votes94,426 100.00%

Independents

Candidates

Declared

General election

Debates

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report [79] Solid RNovember 3, 2014
Sabato's Crystal Ball [80] Safe RNovember 3, 2014
Rothenberg Political Report [81] Safe RNovember 3, 2014
Real Clear Politics [82] Safe RNovember 3, 2014

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin of
error		James
Lankford (R)		Connie
Johnson (D)		OtherUndecided
CBS News/NYT/YouGov [83] July 5–24, 20141,302± 4.7%56%34%6%5%
Rasmussen [84] August 27–28, 2014750± 4%58%29%6%7%
Sooner Poll [85] August 28–30, 2014603± 3.99%58%28%3% [86] 11%
CBS News/NYT/YouGov [87] August 18 – September 2, 2014821± 5%61%28%1%10%
Sooner Poll [88] September 27–29, 2014400± 4.9%56%28%4%12%
CBS News/NYT/YouGov [89] September 20 – October 1, 20141,244± 3%65%24%0%11%
CBS News/NYT/YouGov [89] October 16–23, 2014995± 5%63%29%0%8%
Sooner Poll [90] October 25–29, 2014949± 3.18%59%28%4% [86] 9%

Results

United States Senate special election in Oklahoma, 2014 [91]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican James Lankford 557,002 67.85% −2.79%
Democratic Connie Johnson 237,92328.98%+2.85%
Independent Mark T. Beard25,9653.17%N/A
Total votes820,890 100.00% N/A
Republican hold

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "No special election shall be called if the vacancy occurs after March 1 of any even-numbered year if the term of the office expires the following year. In such case, the candidate elected to the office at the regular General Election shall be appointed by the Governor to fill the unexpired term." [7]

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References

  1. ↑ "Tom Coburn cruises to a second and final term in the U.S. Senate". NewsOK. November 3, 2010. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  2. ↑ Kasperowicz, Pete (August 16, 2011). "Coburn reaffirms term-limit pledge, won't run in 2016". thehill.com. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  3. ↑ Murphy, Sean (January 17, 2014). "Okla. Sen. Coburn to Retire After Current Session". ABC News. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  4. ↑ Edwards, A (January 17, 2014). "Oklahoma will hold special election to fill Coburn's U.S. Senate seat after retirement". kfor.com. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  5. ↑ Michael Bates (January 16, 2014). "Replacing Tom Coburn: Oklahoma's congressional special election laws". BatesLine. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  6. ↑ "Governor Mary Fallin Comments on Dr. Tom Coburn's Announced Retirement from the U.S. Senate". ok.gov. January 17, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  7. ↑ "2006 Oklahoma Code - Title 26. — Elections". law.justia.com. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Oklahoma Sen. Coburn announces early retirement". PBS. January 17, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Burgess Everett (April 24, 2014). "Tea party eats its own in Oklahoma". Politico. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  10. ↑ Chris Casteel (April 26, 2014). "Oklahoma Tea Party leaders call T.W. Shannon a 'poser'". Tulsa World. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  11. ↑ Alexandra Jaffe (June 12, 2014). "Coburn slams negative attacks". The Hill. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  12. 1 2 Alexis Levinson (June 18, 2014). "Lankford Builds Momentum in Oklahoma Senate Race". Roll Call. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  13. ↑ Alexandra Jaffe (June 11, 2014). "GOP primary in Oklahoma gets negative". The Hill. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Alexis Levinson (June 25, 2014). "How James Lankford Won Big in Oklahoma (Video)". Roll Call. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  15. ↑ Chris Casteel (October 12, 2014). "Falls Creek runs deep: Oklahoma Rep. James Lankford's first campaign relied on faith, connections". News OK. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  16. ↑ Russell Mills (March 3, 2014). "Randy Brogdon announces US Senate run". KRMG. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  17. ↑ Faught, Jamison (March 26, 2014). "Recap: Current Candidates for Coburn's Senate seat". Muskogee Politico. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  18. ↑ Troxtell, Adam (February 11, 2014). "Crow confident in face of obstacles to reach Senate". The Express-Star. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  19. ↑ "US Rep. Lankford Announces Run For US Senate Seat". news9.com. KWTV-DT. January 20, 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  20. ↑ "Okla. City businessman to seek US Senate seat". The Oklahoman . Associated Press. January 28, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  21. ↑ Jaffe, Alexandra (January 28, 2014). "Okla. Speaker to launch Senate bid". The Hill . Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Norman paramedic to seek open US Senate seat". news9.com. KWTV-DT. Associated Press. January 21, 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  23. 1 2 3 Jaffe, Alexandra (January 28, 2014). "Bridenstine won't run for Oklahoma Senate". The Hill. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  24. 1 2 Casteel, Chris (January 19, 2014). "Oklahoma Rep. James Lankford to run for Senate; Cole and Pruitt bow out". The Oklahoman . Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  25. ↑ Coburn, James (January 21, 2014). "Douglas announces for 5th District". Edmond Sun . Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  26. 1 2 Cameron, Alex (January 17, 2014). "Lawmakers React To Retirement Of Sen. Coburn". news9.com. KWTV-DT. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  27. ↑ Casteel, Chris (January 27, 2014). "Former Gov. Frank Keating says he won't run for U.S. Senate". The Oklahoman . Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  28. ↑ Hampton, Joy (January 22, 2014). "Lankford to run for Coburn's Senate seat". The Moore American. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  29. ↑ Sullivan, Sean (January 17, 2014). "The race for Coburn's seat could attract a lot of interest. Here's who to watch". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  30. ↑ "Lucas seeks 11th term as congressman from Oklahoma". News on 6. April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  31. ↑ Berman, Russell (January 17, 2014). "One of 5 GOP members..." Twitter. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
  32. ↑ OCPAC Endorses Randy Brogdon; He Claims ‘True conservative’ Mantle | The McCarville Report
  33. ↑ Twitter / RandyBrogdon: I am happy to receive the
  34. ↑ Gowdy Backs Lankford | The McCarville Report
  35. ↑ Jaffe, Alexandra (April 4, 2014). "Huckabee endorses Rep. Lankford for Senate in Oklahoma GOP primary". The Hill . Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  36. ↑ Issa To Support Lankford | The McCarville Report
  37. ↑ "Tulsa Area State Senators Support Lankford | James Lankford for Senate". Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  38. ↑ "Dr. Ben Carson announces support for T.W. Shannon - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate". Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  39. ↑ Ted Cruz Backs T.W. Shannon for Oklahoma Senate Special Election
  40. ↑ Tea-party favorite endorses T.W. Shannon's bid for Senate - Tulsa World: Government
  41. ↑ Banner, Steve OlafsonThe Duncan (May 30, 2014). "Shannon touts Watts endorsement during Duncan campaign stop". Duncan Banner. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  42. ↑ Miller Endorses Shannon | The McCarville Report
  43. ↑ Palin endorses T.W. Shannon in Senate race in Oklahoma - The Washington Post
  44. ↑ "ACU ENDORSES SHANNON FOR US SENATE | American Conservative Union". Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  45. ↑ "T.W. Shannon Receives Endorsement from Citizens United - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate". Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
  46. ↑ "FreedomWorks PAC Endorses T. W. Shannon in the Oklahoma Senate Race | FreedomWorks". Archived from the original on May 23, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  47. ↑ Howell, Kellan (April 22, 2014). "FreedomWorks backs Shannon in Okla. race". The Washington Times . Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  48. ↑ "GOPAC endorses Tillis and Shannon in their bids for U.S. Senate". T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate. February 19, 2014. Archived from the original on March 24, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  49. ↑ Cahn, Emily (March 27, 2014). "Senate Conservatives Fund Endorses in Oklahoma Senate Race". Roll Call . Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  50. ↑ "Fellow House Members Support T.W. Shannon for Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate". Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  51. ↑ Harper Polling Archived February 13, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  52. ↑ Tarrance Group*
  53. 1 2 Public Opinion Strategies
  54. ↑ Public Opinion Strategies
  55. 1 2 3 NSON Opinion Strategy
  56. 1 2 American Viewpoint
  57. ↑ SoonerPoll
  58. ↑ Tarrance Group*
  59. ↑ Public Opinion Strategies
  60. ↑ Tarrance Group*
  61. ↑ SoonerPoll
  62. 1 2 SoonerPoll
  63. 1 2 "Official Results - Primary Election" (PDF). Oklahoma Secretary of State. July 7, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  64. 1 2 3 "Candidates for Federal, State, Legislative and Judicial Offices" (PDF). Oklahoma State Election Board. April 11, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  65. 1 2 Mills, Russell (January 23, 2014). "Two possible Democrat contenders for Oklahoma US Senate seat". KRMG-FM . Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  66. ↑ Felder, Ben (April 8, 2014). "Johnson announces Democratic bid for U.S. Senate". Oklahoma Gazette. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
  67. ↑ "Retired federal worker to seek Coburn's U.S. Senate post". Tulsa World. February 4, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  68. 1 2 3 4 "Former US Rep. Dan Boren Won't Run For Tom Coburn's Senate Seat". News on 6. January 21, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  69. ↑ "Green Country Lawyer Considering Senate Run". News 9 Oklahoma. January 23, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  70. ↑ "Keating, Corn won't seek Okla. US Senate seat". Miami Herald. January 27, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Timeline Photos - Connie Johnson for US Senate". Facebook. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  72. ↑ "OK AFL-CIO COPE Endorsements – Oklahoma Primary Election to be held on 6/24/14". Transport Workers Union Local 514. June 17, 2014. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  73. ↑ An editorial: Bipartisan June 24 Primary Endorsements |The City Sentinel
  74. ↑ "Editorial: For Connie Johnson in Democratic U.S. Senate race". Tulsa World. July 21, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  75. ↑ "NORML PAC Endorses State Senator Connie Johnson for US Senate in Oklahoma". The Daily Chronic. July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  76. ↑ "Oklahoma Democratic Party endorses Johnson". Facebook. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  77. ↑ SoonerPoll
  78. ↑ "Runoff Primary Election". Oklahoma State Election Board. August 26, 2014. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
  79. ↑ "2014 Senate Race Ratings for November 3, 2014". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  80. ↑ "The Crystal Ball's Final 2014 Picks". Sabato's Crystal Ball. November 3, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  81. ↑ "2014 Senate Ratings". Senate Ratings. The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  82. ↑ "2014 Elections Map - Battle for the Senate 2014". Real Clear Politics. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  83. ↑ CBS News/NYT/YouGov
  84. ↑ Rasmussen
  85. ↑ Sooner Poll
  86. 1 2 Mark Beard (I)
  87. ↑ CBS News/NYT/YouGov
  88. ↑ Sooner Poll
  89. 1 2 CBS News/NYT/YouGov
  90. ↑ Sooner Poll Archived November 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  91. ↑ "Oklahoma Secretary of State 2014 General Election". Oklahoma Secretary of State. November 4, 2014. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2015.

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