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2,044 delegates to the Republican National Convention 1,023 (majority) votes needed to win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gold denotes a state won by George H. W. Bush. Green denotes a state won by Pat Robertson. Purple denotes a state won by Bob Dole. Grey denotes a territory that did not hold a primary. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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From January 14 to June 14, 1988, Republican voters chose their nominee for president in the 1988 United States presidential election. Incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1988 Republican National Convention held from August 15 to August 18, 1988, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Bush selected Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as his running mate, and the Republican ticket went on to win the general election against the Democratic ticket of Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen by a wide margin. It was the third consecutive Republican victory in a presidential election, marking the first time since President Harry S. Truman's surprise 1948 victory that any party held the White House for more than two terms.
Vice President George H. W. Bush had the private support of President Ronald Reagan and publicly pledged to continue Reagan's policies, but also pledged a "kinder and gentler nation" [1] in an attempt to win over some more moderate voters. Bush faced some prominent challengers for the GOP nomination, despite his front-runner status.
In 1987, Donald Trump, then known as a New York real estate executive and registered as a Republican, hinted in various television interviews that he was considering running for president. [2] He took out a series of newspaper ads in The New York Times , The Washington Post , and The Boston Globe criticizing Reagan's foreign policy for being too expensive. [3] [4] He also vocally advocated reducing foreign aid to Japan, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia; accelerating nuclear disarmament negotiations with the Soviet Union; and eliminating the federal deficit. [5] Mike Dunbar, an important Republican operative, started a "draft Donald Trump" movement to try to convince him to run in the New Hampshire primaries. [4] However, Trump eventually announced at a political rally arranged by Dunbar in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, that he would not seek the Republican nomination. [6] Later, Trump approached Bush's campaign manager Lee Atwater asking to be considered as a possible choice for running mate. Bush found the request "strange and unbelievable." [7] Apparently contradicting this report, Trump later asserted it was Atwater who approached him asking if he was interested in the position. [8] Trump would eventually win the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries and go on to win the presidential election against his Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton. He would later lose the 2020 election to Democrat Joe Biden, who was running for the Democratic nomination in 1988, but dropped out before the primaries began. Trump would then become the Republican nominee a third time in the 2024 presidential election which he won.
Robertson's campaign got off to a strong second-place finish in the Iowa caucuses, ahead of Bush. Robertson did poorly in the subsequent New Hampshire primary, however, and was unable to be competitive once the multiple-state primaries like Super Tuesday began. Robertson ended his campaign before the primaries were finished. His best finish was in Washington, winning the majority of caucus delegates. However, his controversial win has been credited to procedural manipulation by Robertson supporters who delayed final voting until late into the evening when other supporters had gone home. He later spoke at the 1988 Republican National Convention in New Orleans and told his remaining supporters to cast their votes for Bush, who ended up winning the nomination and the election. He then returned to the Christian Broadcasting Network and would remain there as a religious broadcaster until his death in 2023.
Bush unexpectedly came in third in the Iowa caucus (that he had won back in 1980), behind Senator Bob Dole and Robertson. Dole was also leading in the polls of the New Hampshire primary, and the Bush camp responded by running television commercials portraying Dole as a tax raiser, while Governor John H. Sununu stumped for Bush. These efforts enabled the Vice President to defeat Dole and gain crucial momentum. Embittered by his loss in New Hampshire, Dole told Bush directly, on live television that evening, to "stop lying about my record." [9]
Once the multiple-state primaries began, Bush's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossible for the other candidates to match, and the nomination was his. The Republican party convention was held in New Orleans, Louisiana. Bush was nominated unanimously.
In his acceptance speech, Bush made an energetic pledge, "Read my lips: No new taxes", a comment that would come to haunt him in the 1992 election.
Candidate | Most recent office | Home State | Campaign Withdrawal date | Popular vote | Contests won | Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
George H. W. Bush | Vice President of the United States (1981–1989) | (Campaign) Secured nomination: April 26, 1988 | 8,253,512 (67.90%) | 42 | Dan Quayle |
Candidate | Most recent office | Home State | Campaign Withdrawal date | Popular vote | Contests won | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bob Dole | U.S. Senator from Kansas (1969–1996) | (campaign) | 2,333,375 (19.19%) | 5 | |||
Pat Robertson | Chair of CBN | (campaign) | 1,097,446 (9.02%) | 4 | |||
Jack Kemp | U.S. Representative (1971–1989) | (campaign) | 331,333 (2.72%) | 0 |
George H. W. Bush
Bob Dole
Jack Kemp
Pete duPont
Poll source | Publication date | George Bush | Bob Dole | Pete DuPont | Al Haig | Jack Kemp | Pat Robertson | Others/Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gallup [20] | Jun. 10, 1985 | 39% | 8% | – | – | 5% | – | 48% |
Gallup [20] | Jan. 13, 1986 | 46% | 10% | – | – | 5% | – | 39% |
Gallup [20] | Apr. 14, 1986 | 40% | 10% | – | 2% | 6% | 4% | 38% |
Gallup [20] | Jul. 14, 1986 | 41% | 8% | – | 3% | 3% | 6% | 39% |
Gallup [20] | Oct. 27, 1986 | 42% | 8% | 1% | 3% | 5% | 6% | 35% |
Gallup [20] | Jan. 19, 1987 | 33% | 14% | 1% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 39% |
Gallup [20] | Apr. 13, 1987 | 34% | 18% | 2% | 7% | 9% | 4% | 26% |
Gallup [20] | June 14, 1987 | 39% | 21% | 2% | 6% | 8% | 5% | 19% |
Gallup [20] | July 13, 1987 | 40% | 18% | 3% | 7% | 10% | 5% | 17% |
Gallup [20] | Sep. 2, 1987 | 40% | 19% | 2% | 4% | 9% | 8% | 18% |
Gallup [20] | Sep. 2, 1987 | 47% | 22% | 1% | 4% | 4% | 7% | 15% |
Gallup [20] | Jan. 24, 1988 | 45% | 30% | 2% | 2% | 5% | 8% | 8% |
Date (daily totals) | Total pledged delegates | Contest | Delegates won and popular vote | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
George H. W. Bush | Bob Dole | Pat Robertson | Others | ||||
January 14 | 81 | Michigan | 47 919 (56.55%) | 54 (3.32%) | 19 360 (22.15%) | 15 292 (17.97%) | 1,625 |
February 4 | 23 | Hawaii | 147 (8.73%) | 153 (9.09%) | 23 1,368 (81.28%) | 15 (8.91%) | 1,683 |
February 7 | 34 | Kansas | — | 34 203 (95.75%) | 3 (1.42%) | 6 (2.83%) | 212 |
February 8 | 38 | Iowa caucus | 7 20,218 (18.59%) | 14 40,629 (37.35%) | 7 26,729 (24.57%) | 7 21,194 (19.49%) | 108,770 |
February 16 | 23 | New Hampshire primary | 10 59,290 (37.67%) | 7 44,797 (28.46%) | 14,775 (9.39%) | 6 38,514 (24.47%) | 157,376 |
February 18 | 23 | Nevada | 6 1,320 (26.61%) | 5 1,112 (22.41%) | 3 714 (14.39%) | 8 1,815 (36.59%) | 4,961 |
February 23 (54) | 34 | Minnesota | 4 5,979 (10.64%) | 14 23,923 (42.56%) | 10 15,969 (28.41%) | 6 10,340 (18.39%) | 56,211 |
20 | South Dakota | 4 17,404 (18.63%) | 12 51,599 (55.24%) | 4 18,310 (19.60%) | 6,092 (6.52%) | 93,405 | |
February 24 | 20 | Wyoming | 5 98 (23.00%) | 9 195 (45.77%) | 2 46 (10.80%) | 4 87 (20.42%) | 426 |
February 28 | 23 | Maine | 16 700 (65.30%) | 88 (8.21%) | 3 147 (13.71%) | 3 137 (12.78%) | 1,072 |
March 1 (40) | 20 | Alaska | 5 487 (23.82%) | 4 395 (19.68%) | 10 941 (46.89%) | 184 (9.17%) | 2,007 |
20 | Vermont | 11 23,565 (52.75%) | 9 18,655 (41.76%) | 2,452 (5.49%) | — | 44,672 | |
March 5 | 38 | South Carolina | 18 94,738 (48.51%) | 8 40,265 (20.62%) | 7 37,261 (19.08%) | 4 23,028 (11.79%) | 195,292 |
March 8 (Super Tuesday) (855) | 41 | Alabama | 28 137,113 (64.46%) | 7 34,777 (16.35%) | 6 29,552 (13.89%) | 11,266 (5.30%) | 212,708 |
31 | Arkansas | 16 32,114 (47.02%) | 9 17,667 (25.86%) | 6 12,918 (18.91%) | 5,606 (8.21%) | 68,305 | |
85 | Florida | 56 559,397 (62.14%) | 19 191,494 (21.27%) | 10 95,037 (10.56%) | 54,329 (6.03%) | 900,257 | |
52 | Georgia | 30 215,516 (53.75%) | 13 94,749 (23.63%) | 9 65,163 (16.25%) | 25,500 (6.36%) | 400,928 | |
41 | Kentucky | 26 72,020 (59.32%) | 10 27,868 (22.96%) | 5 13,526 (11.14%) | 7,988 (6.58%) | 121,402 | |
45 | Louisiana | 28 83,684 (57.80%) | 9 25,624 (21.11%) | 9 26,294 (21.66%) | 9,171 (6.33%) | 144,773 | |
45 | Maryland | 28 107,026 (53.31%) | 17 64,987 (32.37%) | 12,860 (6.41%) | 15,881 (7.91%) | 200,754 | |
56 | Massachusetts | 34 141,113 (57.39%) | 15 63,392 (25.78%) | 10,891 (4.43%) | 7 30,489 (12.40%) | 245,885 | |
34 | Mississippi | 23 104,814 (65.99%) | 6 27,004 (17.00%) | 5 21,485 (13.53%) | 5,526 (3.48%) | 158,829 | |
49 | Missouri | 22 168,812 (42.17%) | 21 164,394 (41.07%) | 6 44,705 (11.17%) | 22,389 (5.59%) | 400,300 | |
56 | North Carolina | 30 124,260 (45.38%) | 26 107,032 (39.09%) | 26,861 (9.81%) | 15,647 (5.71%) | 273,800 | |
38 | Oklahoma | 15 78,224 (37.44%) | 14 73,016 (34.95%) | 9 44,067 (21.09%) | 13,631 (6.52%) | 208,938 | |
23 | Rhode Island | 15 10,401 (64.82%) | 5 3,628 (22.61%) | — | 3 2,016 (12.56%) | 16,045 | |
49 | Tennessee | 31 152,515 (60.22%) | 11 55,027 (21.73%) | 7 32,015 (12.64%) | 13,695 (5.41%) | 253,252 | |
113 | Texas | 78 648,178 (63.86%) | 17 140,795 (13.87%) | 19 155,449 (15.32%) | 70,534 (6.95%) | 1,014,956 | |
52 | Virginia | 30 124,738 (53.27%) | 15 60,921 (26.02%) | 8 32,173 (13.74%) | 16,310 (6.97%) | 234,142 | |
45 | Washington | 11 3,694 (24.29%) | 12 3,955 (26.00%) | 18 5,934 (39.01%) | 5 1,627 (10.70%) | 15,210 | |
March 15 | 95 | Illinois | 57 469,151 (54.64%) | 38 309,253 (36.02%) | 59,087 (6.88%) | 21,146 (2.46%) | 858,637 |
March 29 | 38 | Connecticut | 30 73,501 (70.56%) | 8 21,005 (20.16%) | 3,191 (3.06%) | 6,474 (6.21%) | 104,171 |
April 4 | 38 | Colorado | 32 11,628 (76.31%) | — | 1,450 (9.51%) | 6 2,160 (14.17%) | 15,238 |
April 5 | 49 | Wisconsin | 49 295,295 (82.28%) | 28,460 (7.93%) | 24,798 (6.91%) | 10,345 (2.88%) | 358,898 |
April 19 | 139 | New York | 115 1,101 (81.74%) | — | 17 (1.26%) | 24 229 (17.00%) | 1,347 |
April 26 | 99 | Pennsylvania | 86 687,323 (78.95%) | 13 103,753 (11.92%) | 79,463 (9.13%) | — | 870,539 |
May 3 (157) | 13 | District of Columbia | 13 5,890 (87.65%) | 469 (6.98%) | 268 (3.99%) | 93 (1.38%) | 6,720 |
52 | Indiana | 52 351,829 (80.39%) | 42,878 (9.80%) | 28,712 (6.56%) | 14,236 (3.25%) | 437,655 | |
92 | Ohio | 80 643,907 (81.00%) | 12 94,650 (11.91%) | 56,347 (7.09%) | — | 794,904 | |
May 10 (58) | 27 | Nebraska | 20 138,784 (68.33%) | 7 45,572 (22.44%) | 10,334 (5.09%) | 8,423 (4.15%) | 203,113 |
31 | West Virginia | 27 110,705 (77.34%) | 4 15,309 (10.70%) | 10,417 (7.28%) | 6,709 (4.69%) | 143,140 | |
May 17 | 34 | Oregon | 27 199,938 (72.84%) | 7 49,128 (17.90%) | 21,212 (7.73%) | 4,208 (1.53%) | 274,486 |
May 24 | 23 | Idaho | 20 55,464 (81.24%) | — | 5,876 (8.61%) | 3 6,935 (10.16%) | 68,275 |
June 7 (295) | 178 | California primary | 154 1,856,273 (82.86%) | 24 286,220 (12.78%) | 94,779 (4.23%) | — | 2,240,272 |
23 | Montana | 18 63,098 (73.07%) | 5 16,762 (19.41%) | — | 6,493 (7.52%) | 86,353 | |
67 | New Jersey | 67 241,033 (100.00%) | — | — | — | 241,033 | |
27 | New Mexico | 24 69,359 (78.16%) | 3 9,305 (10.49%) | 5,350 (6.03%) | 4,730 (5.33%) | 88,744 | |
June 14 | 20 | North Dakota | 20 37,062 (93.98%) | — | — | 2,372 (6.01%) | 39,434 |
Total | 2,408 | 1,525 8,299,833 (67.9%) | 463 2,404,162 (19.2%) | 207 1,149,306 (9.0%) | 101 517,862 (3.9%) | 12,371,163 |
Popular vote results: [12]
After Bush locked up the nomination in March, conventional wisdom leaned toward the notion of a Southern running mate to balance the ticket. The former Governor of Tennessee, Lamar Alexander, was seen by many as the most logical choice, and some early reports described him as Bush's personal preference. [21] [22] Another high-profile possibility, also from Tennessee, was the former Senate Majority Leader and White House Chief of Staff Howard Baker. Despite the early attention – which included a supportive editorial written by former President Richard Nixon – Baker told the press that he would prefer to be left out of consideration. [23]
Bush's running mate, however, would not be revealed until August 16, allowing speculation to intensify all the way to the national convention. Bob Dole, who was considered a leading contender based on his second-place finish in the primaries, expressed impatience with the wait but nonetheless made plain his keen desire for the job. [24] So too did Jack Kemp, who confidently told reporters that he would make "a terrific campaigner and a terrific candidate and a terrific vice president". [24] Both men were thought to rank high on Bush's list of potential picks. [25]
Other highly rated prospects included two people quite close to Dole. His wife, Elizabeth Dole, had served as Transportation Secretary under President Reagan and was a popular figure among conservatives and women – two key demographics that Bush was struggling to galvanize. A second option was Dole's fellow U.S. Senator from Kansas, Nancy Kassebaum. [25] Other figures who were believed to be under Bush's close consideration included the Governor of Nebraska Kay Orr, [22] the former Governor of Pennsylvania Dick Thornburgh, the Governor of New Jersey Tom Kean, and the sitting U.S. Senators Bill Armstrong of Colorado, Pete Domenici of New Mexico, and Richard Lugar and Dan Quayle, both of Indiana. [24] [25]
U.S. Senator Alan Simpson of Wyoming was also widely believed to be a possible selection, but he publicly stated that he wasn't interested in the position. This placed him in the company of Baker and others who had declared that they did not want to be considered, such as the Governor of California George Deukmejian and the Governor of Illinois Jim Thompson. Shortly ahead of the convention, however, Bush reopened speculation about all of them when he implied that he would not necessarily give up on any demurring prospects. [24]
Long-shot possibilities included several Republicans who were popular in their home states but held limited name recognition nationally, such as U.S. Representative Lynn Martin of Illinois, the Governor of South Carolina Carroll Campbell, and the two U.S. Senators of Missouri, John Danforth and Christopher Bond. [25] Nontraditional selections who were seen as credible alternatives included the National Security Advisor Colin Powell, [26] the former UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick, Education Secretary William Bennett, former EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus, and even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. [25]
Bush announced his selection of 41-year-old Dan Quayle on the second day of the convention. [27]
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 5, 1996. Incumbent Democratic President Bill Clinton and his running mate, incumbent Democratic Vice President Al Gore were re-elected to a second and final term, defeating the Republican ticket of former Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole and former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp and the Reform ticket of businessman Ross Perot and economist Pat Choate.
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 8, 1988. The Republican Party's ticket of incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush and Indiana senator Dan Quayle defeated the Democratic ticket of Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis and Texas senator Lloyd Bentsen.
Robert Joseph Dole was an American politician and attorney from Kansas who served in both chambers of the United States Congress, the United States House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969 and a member of the United States Senate from 1969 to his resignation in 1996 to campaign for President of the United States in the 1996 election. He was the Republican Leader of the Senate during the final 11 years of his tenure, including three non-consecutive years as Senate Majority Leader. Dole was also the vice presidential nominee in the 1976 election, making Dole the only unsuccessful major party nominee for both president and vice president in the history of the United States.
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The 1988 United States elections were held on November 8 and elected the president of the United States and members of the 101st United States Congress. Republican Vice President George H. W. Bush defeated Democratic Governor of Massachusetts Michael Dukakis. Despite Dukakis' defeat, the Democratic Party built on their majorities in Congress.
The 1988 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. South Carolina voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
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This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1988 election. Incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush won the 1988 Republican nomination for President of the United States, and chose Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as his running mate. The selection of Quayle surprised many of Bush's closest advisers, who had expected Bush to pick a more well-known running mate. However, Bush adviser Roger Ailes helped convince Bush that Quayle would be able to effectively attack the Democratic presidential nominee, Michael Dukakis. Bush also liked Quayle's youth and felt that Quayle would make for a loyal vice president. The Bush–Quayle ticket would go on to defeat the Dukakis–Bentsen ticket in the general election but ultimately lost to the Clinton–Gore ticket in 1992.
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And Bush had the active and aggressive support of Governor Sununu.
Dole's chief sponsor in the state, Senator Warren Rudman
He had a respectable ground operation and the support of the two most prominent hard-line conservatives in the state, Senator Gordon Humphrey and Representative Robert Smith.
Pete duPont had captured the endorsement of the Union Leader.
The vice president's aides say his personal choice for running mate undoubtedly would be former Governor Lamar Alexander....