25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase

Last updated
CYP27B1
Identifiers
Aliases CYP27B1 , CP2B, CYP1, CYP1alpha, CYP27B, P450c1, PDDR, VDD1, VDDR, VDDRI, VDR, cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1
External IDs OMIM: 609506 MGI: 1098274 HomoloGene: 37139 GeneCards: CYP27B1
EC number 1.14.15.18
Gene location (Human)
Ideogram human chromosome 12.svg
Chr. Chromosome 12 (human) [1]
Human chromosome 12 ideogram.svg
HSR 1996 II 3.5e.svg
Red rectangle 2x18.png
Band 12q14.1Start57,762,334 bp [1]
End57,768,986 bp [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000785

NM_010009

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000776

NP_034139

Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 57.76 – 57.77 Mb Chr 10: 127.05 – 127.05 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD3 1A hydroxylase) also known as cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

VD3 1A hydroxylase is located in the proximal tubule of the kidney and a variety of other tissues, including skin (keratinocytes), immune cells, [8] and bone (osteoblasts). [9] The enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of calcifediol to calcitriol (the bioactive form of Vitamin D): [10]

calcidiol + 2 reduced adrenodoxin + 2 H+ + O2 calcitriol + 2 oxidized adrenodoxin + H2O
calcidiol 1-monooxygenase
Identifiers
EC number 1.14.15.18
CAS number 9081-36-1
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / QuickGO

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]

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25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase Go to articleGo to articleGo to articleGo to articlego to articleGo to articleGo to articleGo to articlego to articlego to articlego to articlego to articleGo to articleGo to articlego to articleGo to articlego to articlego to articlego to articleGo to articlego to article
|{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway (view / edit)]]
Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway (view / edit)
  1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

Related Research Articles

Cholecalciferol Vitamin D3, a chemical compound

Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3 and colecalciferol, is a type of vitamin D which is made by the skin when exposed to sunlight; it is also found in some foods and can be taken as a dietary supplement. It is used to treat and prevent vitamin D deficiency and associated diseases, including rickets. It is also used for familial hypophosphatemia, hypoparathyroidism that is causing low blood calcium, and Fanconi syndrome. Vitamin-D supplements may not be effective in people with severe kidney disease. It is usually taken by mouth.

Calcitriol chemical compound

Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. A manufactured form is used to treat kidney disease with low blood calcium, hyperparathyroidism due to kidney disease, low blood calcium due to hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and familial hypophosphatemia. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Fibroblast growth factor 23 or FGF23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF23 gene. FGF23 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which participates in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and regulation.

Vitamin D receptor mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

The vitamin D receptor (VDR), also known as the calcitriol receptor and as NR1I1, is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, binds to the VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor. This then binds to hormone response elements on DNA resulting in expression or transrepression of specific gene products. The VDR not only regulates transcriptional responses but also involved in microRNA-directed post transcriptional mechanisms. In humans, the vitamin D receptor is encoded by the VDR gene.

Aldosterone synthase protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone and other steriods. The enzyme catalyzes sequential hydroxylations of the steroid angular methyl group at C18 after initial 11β-hydroxylation. It is encoded by CYP11B2 gene in humans.

X-linked hypophosphatemia X-linked dominant disorder that causes rickets

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), is an X-linked dominant form of rickets that differs from most cases of rickets in that vitamin D supplementation does not cure it. It can cause bone deformity including short stature and genu varum (bow-leggedness). It is associated with a mutation in the PHEX gene sequence (Xp.22) and subsequent inactivity of the PHEX protein.

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7A1 gene which has an important role in cholesterol metabolism. It is a cytochrome P450 enzyme, which belongs to the oxidoreductase class, and converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol, the first and rate limiting step in bile acid synthesis.

21-Hydroxylase Enzyme involved in the synthesis of aldosterone and cortisol


Steroid 21-hydroxylase, also called steroid 21-monooxygenase, 21α-hydroxylase, and, less commonly, 21β-hydroxylase, is an enzyme that hydroxylates steroids at the C21 position and is involved in biosynthesis of aldosterone and cortisol. The enzyme converts progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone into 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively. The products of the conversions then continue through their appropriate pathways towards creation of aldosterone and cortisol. The enzyme is localized in endoplasmic reticulum membranes of adrenal cortex, and is encoded by CYP21A2 gene in humans.

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase, also known as steroid 11β-monooxygenase, is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata. Named officially the cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, it is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP11B1 gene. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of adrenal corticosteroids by catalyzing the addition of hydroxyl groups during oxidation reactions.

Calcitroic acid chemical compound

Calcitroic acid (1α-hydroxy-23-carboxy-24,25,26,27-tetranorvitamin D3) is a major metabolite of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). Often synthesized in the liver and kidneys, calcitroic acid is generated in the body after vitamin D is first converted into calcitriol, an intermediate in the fortification of bone through the formation and regulation of calcium in the body. These pathways managed by calcitriol are thought to be inactivated through its hydroxylation by the enzyme CYP24A1, also called calcitriol 24-hydroxylase. Specifically, it is thought to be the major route to inactivate vitamin D metabolites.

CYP24A1 mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (abbreviated CYP24A1) is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes encoded by the CYP24A1 gene. It is a mitochondrial monooxygenase which catalyzes reactions including 24-hydroxylation of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). It has also been identified as vitamin D3 24-hydroxylase.(EC 1.14.15.16)

CYP4F2 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Leukotriene-B(4) omega-hydroxylase 1 is an enzyme involved in the metabolism various endogenous substrates and xenobiotics. Most notable substrate of the enzyme is leukotriene B4, a potent mediator of inflammation. The enzyme is encoded by the CYP4F2 gene in humans.

CYP7B1 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase also known as oxysterol and steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7B1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids.

CYP2R1 mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase also known as cytochrome P450 2R1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2R1 gene.

24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol chemical compound

24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, also known as 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and (24R)-hydroxycalcidiol (abbreviated as 24(R),25-(OH)2D3), is a compound which is closely related to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D3, but like vitamin D3 itself and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is inactive as a hormone both in vitro and in vivo. It was identified by Michael F. Holick.

Vitamin D Group of chemical compounds

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).

Vitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.15.16, CYP24A1) is an enzyme with systematic name calcitriol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (24-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

11β-Hydroxyprogesterone chemical compound

11β-Hydroxyprogesterone (11β-OHP), also known as 21-deoxycorticosterone, as well as 11β-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a naturally occurring, endogenous steroid and derivative of progesterone. It is a potent mineralocorticoid. Syntheses of 11β-OHP from progesterone is catalyzed by the steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) enzyme, and, to a lesser extent, by the aldosterone synthase enzyme (CYP11B2).

Walter L. Miller is an American endocrinologist and professor emeritus of pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Miller is expert in the field of human steroid biosynthesis and disorders of steroid metabolism. Over the past 40 years Miller's group at UCSF has described molecular basis of several metabolic disorders including, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, pseudo vitamin D dependent rickets, severe, recessive form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 17,20 lyase deficiency caused by CYP17A1 defects, P450scc deficiency caused by CYP11A1 defects, P450 oxidoreductase deficiency.

Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LOCAH), also known as non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, is a milder form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis that leads to variable degrees of postnatal androgen excess.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111012 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006724 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: cytochrome P450".
  6. Takeyama K, Kitanaka S, Sato T, Kobori M, Yanagisawa J, Kato S (Sep 1997). "25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase and vitamin D synthesis". Science. 277 (5333): 1827–30. doi:10.1126/science.277.5333.1827. PMID   9295274.
  7. Monkawa T, Yoshida T, Wakino S, Shinki T, Anazawa H, Deluca HF, Suda T, Hayashi M, Saruta T (Oct 1997). "Molecular cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 239 (2): 527–33. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7508. PMID   9344864.
  8. Sigmundsdottir H, Pan J, Debes GF, Alt C, Habtezion A, Soler D, Butcher EC (Mar 2007). "DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to 'program' T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27" (PDF). Nature Immunology. 8 (3): 285–93. doi:10.1038/ni1433. PMID   17259988. S2CID   9540123.[ permanent dead link ]
  9. Kogawa M, Findlay DM, Anderson PH, Ormsby R, Vincent C, Morris HA, Atkins GJ (Oct 2010). "Osteoclastic metabolism of 25(OH)-vitamin D3: a potential mechanism for optimization of bone resorption". Endocrinology. 151 (10): 4613–25. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0334 . PMID   20739402.
  10. Gray RW, Omdahl JL, Ghazarian JG, DeLuca HF (Dec 1972). "25-Hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase. Subcellular location and properties". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 247 (23): 7528–32. PMID   4404596.

Further reading