Las Vegas, New Mexico

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Las Vegas, New Mexico
Downtown Las Vegas, NM.JPG
Old Town Las Vegas, New Mexico
San Miguel County New Mexico Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Las Vegas Highlighted.svg
Location of Las Vegas, New Mexico
Coordinates: 35°36′15″N105°13′21″W / 35.60417°N 105.22250°W / 35.60417; -105.22250
CountryUnited States
State New Mexico
County San Miguel
Government
  Type Mayor-council government
  MayorDavid Romero [1]
  City ManagerWilliam Taylor [2]
Area
[3]
  Total8.62 sq mi (22.34 km2)
  Land8.62 sq mi (22.33 km2)
  Water0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2)
Elevation
[4]
6,441 ft (1,963 m)
Population
 (2020) [5]
  Total13,166
  Density1,527.02/sq mi (589.59/km2)
Time zone UTC−07:00 (Mountain (MST))
  Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT)
ZIP Codes
87701, 87745
Area code 505
FIPS code 35-39940
GNIS feature ID2411631 [4]
Website lasvegasnm.gov

Las Vegas, often known simply as Vegas, is a city in and the county seat of San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. [6] Once two separate municipalities (one a city and the other a town), both were named Las Vegas: West Las Vegas ("Old Town") and East Las Vegas ("New Town"). They are separated by the Gallinas River and retain distinct characters and separate, rival school districts.

Contents

The population was 13,166 at the 2020 census. [7] Las Vegas is located 110 miles (180 km) south of Raton, 65 miles (105 km) east of Santa Fe, 122 miles (196 km) northeast of Albuquerque, 257 miles (414 km) south of Colorado Springs, Colorado, and 326 miles (525 km) south of Denver.

History

The Plaza Hotel, built in 1881, on the Plaza of West Las Vegas Plaza Hotel LasVegasNM.jpg
The Plaza Hotel, built in 1881, on the Plaza of West Las Vegas
New Mexico Insane Asylum in Las Vegas, 1904 New Mexico Insane Asylum, Las Vegas, New Mexico (1904).jpg
New Mexico Insane Asylum in Las Vegas, 1904

Las Vegas was established in 1835 after a group of settlers received a land grant from the Mexican government. (The land had previously been granted to Luis María Cabeza de Baca, whose family later received a settlement.) The town was laid out in the traditional Spanish Colonial style, with a central plaza surrounded by buildings which could serve as fortifications in case of attack. Las Vegas soon prospered as a stop on the Santa Fe Trail. During the Mexican–American War in 1846, Stephen W. Kearny delivered an address at the Plaza of Las Vegas claiming New Mexico for the United States. In 1847, the town was the site of the Battle of Las Vegas, which was a part of the broader Taos Revolt by local Hispanos and Pueblo peoples against United States occupation. In 1860, the United States Congress passed a law allowing the Cabeza de Baca heirs to choose other grants in lieu of their Las Vegas grant. [8]

In 1877 Las Vegas College, the precursor to Regis University, was founded in Las Vegas by a group of exiled Italian Jesuits. In 1887, Las Vegas College moved to Denver whereupon the name was changed. [9]

The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad arrived at Las Vegas from the north on July 4, 1879. [10] To maintain control of development rights, it established a station and related development one mile (1.6 km) east of the Plaza, creating a separate, rival New Town, as occurred elsewhere in the Old West. The same competing development occurred in Albuquerque, for instance. During the railroad era Las Vegas boomed, quickly becoming one of the largest cities in the American Southwest. Turn-of-the-century Las Vegas featured all the modern amenities, including an electric street railway, the "Duncan Opera House" at the northeast corner of 6th Street and Douglas Avenue, a Carnegie library, the Castañeda Hotel (a major Harvey House), and the New Mexico Normal School (now New Mexico Highlands University). Since the decline and restructuring of the railroad industry began in the 1950s, the city's population has remained relatively constant. Although the two towns have been combined, separate school districts have been maintained (Las Vegas City Schools and West Las Vegas School District).

The anti-colonist organization Las Gorras Blancas was active in the area in the 1890s.

Cowboy Reunions

Beginning in 1915, the Las Vegas Cowboys' Reunions were held annually until 1931; then in 1939, the Cowboys' Reunions were re-established. Their slogan was, "Git Fer Vegas, Cowboy!" These reunions were organized by a group of ranching families and cowboys which soon became the Las Vegas Cowboys' Reunion Association. The Reunions celebrated ranching life, which began in northern New Mexico in the early 1800s and continues into the 21st century. The annual affair included pie eating contests, barbecues, parades, banquets, balls, and "ranch rodeos." In the early years, celebrities—cowhands as well as big-name bands, movie stars like Tom Mix, and artists such as Randall Davey—came to Las Vegas for this event. In later years, famous cowhands participated in the Cowboys' Reunion Rodeos. The Cowboys' Reunions reflected the occupations of the area and attracted huge crowds for their four days of events. In 1952, the Cowboys' Reunion Association invited the Rough Riders Association to join them at the annual rodeo. [11]

Outlaws

The arrival of the railroad in 1879 brought with it businesses, development and new residents, both respectable and dubious. Murderers, robbers, thieves, gamblers, gunmen, swindlers, vagrants, and tramps poured in, transforming the eastern side of the settlement into a virtually lawless brawl. Among the notorious characters were such legends of the Old West as: dentist Doc Holliday and his girlfriend Big Nose Kate, Dave Rudabaugh, Jesse James, Billy the Kid, Wyatt Earp, Mysterious Dave Mather, Hoodoo Brown, and Handsome Harry the Dancehall Rustler. [12]

Historian Ralph Emerson Twitchell once claimed regarding the Old West, "Without exception there was no town which harbored a more disreputable gang of desperadoes and outlaws than did Las Vegas." [13]

Panorama of Las Vegas, New Mexico (circa 1910-1920) .jpg
c.1910–1920

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.5 square miles (19 km2), all land.

Climate

Las Vegas has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk).

Climate data for Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1983–present
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)72
(22)
74
(23)
80
(27)
85
(29)
92
(33)
98
(37)
99
(37)
95
(35)
94
(34)
88
(31)
81
(27)
74
(23)
99
(37)
Mean maximum °F (°C)64.0
(17.8)
65.7
(18.7)
72.8
(22.7)
77.2
(25.1)
86.2
(30.1)
92.4
(33.6)
93.0
(33.9)
91.0
(32.8)
86.7
(30.4)
81.4
(27.4)
71.8
(22.1)
66.3
(19.1)
94.5
(34.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)50.1
(10.1)
52.8
(11.6)
60.4
(15.8)
67.2
(19.6)
75.0
(23.9)
84.7
(29.3)
85.2
(29.6)
84.2
(29.0)
78.6
(25.9)
69.2
(20.7)
58.7
(14.8)
50.2
(10.1)
68.0
(20.0)
Daily mean °F (°C)30.7
(−0.7)
33.6
(0.9)
40.4
(4.7)
47.7
(8.7)
55.3
(12.9)
64.9
(18.3)
68.2
(20.1)
67.2
(19.6)
60.3
(15.7)
49.3
(9.6)
38.9
(3.8)
30.8
(−0.7)
48.9
(9.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)11.3
(−11.5)
14.4
(−9.8)
20.3
(−6.5)
28.2
(−2.1)
35.7
(2.1)
45.2
(7.3)
51.2
(10.7)
50.2
(10.1)
42.1
(5.6)
29.4
(−1.4)
19.0
(−7.2)
11.5
(−11.4)
29.9
(−1.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C)−3.2
(−19.6)
−0.6
(−18.1)
6.7
(−14.1)
17.1
(−8.3)
24.2
(−4.3)
34.9
(1.6)
43.2
(6.2)
41.9
(5.5)
30.0
(−1.1)
15.0
(−9.4)
3.0
(−16.1)
−5.1
(−20.6)
−11.3
(−24.1)
Record low °F (°C)−22
(−30)
−32
(−36)
−9
(−23)
10
(−12)
11
(−12)
28
(−2)
33
(1)
30
(−1)
20
(−7)
−3
(−19)
−16
(−27)
−32
(−36)
−32
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm)0.42
(11)
0.45
(11)
0.56
(14)
0.70
(18)
1.49
(38)
1.36
(35)
3.19
(81)
3.12
(79)
2.43
(62)
1.69
(43)
0.57
(14)
0.74
(19)
16.72
(425)
Average snowfall inches (cm)3.0
(7.6)
3.8
(9.7)
2.8
(7.1)
1.3
(3.3)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
1.4
(3.6)
4.0
(10)
5.7
(14)
22.0
(56)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)2.02.32.22.84.34.99.19.55.63.42.82.151.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)1.71.51.10.40.00.00.00.00.00.31.31.67.9
Source 1: NOAA [14]
Source 2: National Weather Service [15]

Natural disasters

In late winter and spring of 2022, Las Vegas and surrounding areas of San Miguel and Mora counties experienced the Calf Canyon/Hermits Peak Fire. The fire burned 341,471 acres (1,382 km2), making it the largest blaze in New Mexico's recorded history. [16]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1890 2,312
1900 3,55253.6%
1910 3,7555.7%
1920 4,30414.6%
1930 4,7199.6%
1940 5,94125.9%
1950 7,49426.1%
1960 7,7903.9%
1970 7,528−3.4%
1980 14,32290.2%
1990 14,7533.0%
2000 14,565−1.3%
2010 13,753−5.6%
2020 13,166−4.3%
2021 (est.)13,157 [17] −0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census [18] [5]

As of the census [19] of 2000, there were 14,565 people, 5,588 households, and 3,559 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,938.2 inhabitants per square mile (748.3/km2). There were 6,366 housing units at an average density of 847.1 per square mile (327.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 54.21% White, 0.99% African American, 1.96% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 37.19% from other races, and 4.95% from two or more races. Hispanic people of any race were 82.94% of the population.

As noted in the chart to the right, the population of Las Vegas peaked at 14,753 in 1990. By 2019, the estimated population had decreased 12.43% to 12,919.

There were 5,588 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.0% were married couples living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median income in 2019 for a household in the city was $26,561 as compared to the New Mexico median income of $49,754 and the national median of $62,843. The median income for a family in Las Vegas was $29,797. Males had a median income of $26,319 versus $21,731 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20.080 as compared to $34,103 nationally as noted in the 2019 Census estimate. In the past, 24.3% of families and 27.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.7% of those under age 18 and 20.1% of those age 65 or over. The most recent figures (2019) as provided by the U. S. Census Bureau estimate the total number of persons (all ages) at or below the poverty line has increased to 35.6%. [20] This is significantly higher than the national average of 10.5% and the State average of 18.2%.

Libraries and museums

AT&SF engine #1129 on the corner of Grand & Mills ATSF engine no. 1129.jpg
AT&SF engine #1129 on the corner of Grand & Mills

New Mexico Highlands University, founded 1893, is home to the Thomas C. Donnelly Library. It supports the teaching, research and community activities of New Mexico Highlands University. It acquires, organizes, preserves and provides access to pertinent information and scholarly materials for curricular needs, intellectual pursuits and personal enrichment of its clientele. It promotes programs and services that emphasize the diversity of the university's multicultural community and heritage. An addition increased the square footage from 23,700 to 53,500 and now holds a book collection of almost 200,000 volumes. [21]

Las Vegas' Carnegie Library, established in 1904, is the only surviving Carnegie Library in New Mexico. Built from a $10,000 donation from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, its Neo-Classical Revival architecture resembles Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. The library sits in the middle of a park that occupies an entire city block, bordered by Victorian-style homes and buildings.

The City of Las Vegas Museum & Rough Rider Memorial on Grand Avenue, dedicated in 1940, was first established by the decision of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders regiment (the first Volunteer Cavalry Regiment of the Spanish–American War), who named Las Vegas its official reunion home. Their first reunion was held in Las Vegas, June 1899.

The museum, free and open to the public, houses a memorial collection of artifacts, archives and photographs from the Rough Riders and mementos in relation to the 1898 Cuban Campaign of the Spanish–American War, with information on over 200 members of the original regiment, RRR Association documents, etc. The museum illuminates the history of Las Vegas, its connection to the Rough Riders, the Santa Fe Trail and the development of New Mexico. It features collections of local Native American pottery, household items, costumes, ranching and farming equipment, agricultural and mercantile operations, and home life.

Housed in a 1940 Works Progress Administration-funded building, the museum is built of stone, with Pueblo Revival nuances. [22]

Architecture

Historic Castaneda railway hotel Castaneda Hotel, Las Vegas NM.jpg
Historic Castañeda railway hotel

Las Vegas has numerous historic structures (mostly railroad-era houses and commercial buildings), with over 900 listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Although many buildings are in varying states of deterioration, others have been restored or are awaiting restoration. Some of the city's notable buildings include:

Education

Public schools

The City of Las Vegas is served by two public school districts. [23]

The City of Las Vegas has two major high schools:

Colleges

Las Vegas is the home of New Mexico Highlands University, an important university in New Mexico especially for teacher training. Highlands has long had an excellent science, drama, art, and foreign language faculty. The art department was nationally renowned in the 1950s to 1970s and beyond. The university sponsors intercollegiate athletics and is a member of NCAA II and the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.

Also nearby, north of Las Vegas, is Luna Community College. The United World College in nearby Montezuma, New Mexico is a two-year international high school and one of the venues used by the International Baccalaureate Program for teacher training in the United States.

Transportation

Las Vegas Intermodal Facility Lv intermodal.jpg
Las Vegas Intermodal Facility

Railway

Airport

Major highways

Bus service

Films and television

Movies and television shows filmed in and around Las Vegas include:

Media

Las Vegas has a bi-weekly newspaper, the Las Vegas Optic . It is published on Wednesday and Friday.[ citation needed ]

The Fort Union Drive-in theater is located on 7th Street in Las Vegas. [32]

Mayors of Las Vegas

MayorTerm startTerm end
1Eugenio Romero18811883
2John G. Wylie1888
3Edward Henry1890
4James S. Duncan18921892
5Andrieus A. Jones18931884
6Major Adin H. Whitmore1895
7Dr. Frederick Olney [33] 1897
8George P. Money1902
9Karl D. Goodall1903
6Dr. Frederick Olney19051907
10Karl D. Goodall1911
11R. J. Taupert19121913
12Dr. H. M. Smith1915
13F. O. Blood19181920
14Thomas V. Truder19211934
15Frank W. Condon19351939
16Ivan J. Hilton19401946
17Ivan J. Hilton19501954
18LeRoy S. Wicks19561960
19Frank Olmsted19621966
20Ben Lingnau1967
21Alfred Nelson1968
22Fidel "Chief" Gonzales19701975
23Harold K. Brandt1977
24Max Madrid1978
25Steve Franken19801985
26Leroy "Huero" Sanchez19861987
27Tony Martinez Jr.19881997
28Matt Martinez19982001
29Henry O. Sanchez20022008
30Tony Marquez2009
31Alfonso E. Ortiz Jr.20102015
32Tonita Gurule-Giron20162020
33Louie Trujillo20202023
34David Romero2023present

Notable people

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