Sandy Springs, Georgia

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Sandy Springs
City
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The contemporary skyline of Sandy Springs is dominated by the Concourse office towers, as seen in 2013.
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Sandy Springs, Georgia
Sandy Springs, Georgia
Sandy Springs, Georgia
Sandy Springs, Georgia
Coordinates: 33°55′27″N84°22′43″W / 33.92417°N 84.37861°W / 33.92417; -84.37861 [1]
Country United States
State Georgia
County Fulton
IncorporatedDecember 2005 [2]
Government
 •  Mayor Rusty Paul (R) [3]
 • City ManagerEden Freeman
Area
[4]
 • Total
38.52 sq mi (99.77 km2)
 • Land37.66 sq mi (97.53 km2)
 • Water0.86 sq mi (2.24 km2)
Elevation
[1]
1,093 ft (333 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
108,080
 • Rank 290th in the United States
7th in Georgia
 • Density2,870.04/sq mi (1,108.14/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
30319, 30327–30328, 30338, 30342, 30350, 30358, 30092 [5]
Area code 404/678/770/470
FIPS code 13-68516
GNIS feature ID0332975 [1]
Website sandyspringsga.gov

Sandy Springs is a city in northern Fulton County, Georgia, United States, and a suburb of Atlanta. The city's population was 108,080 at the 2020 census, [6] making it Georgia's 7th most populous city. It is the site of several corporate headquarters, including UPS, Newell Brands, Inspire Brands, Focus Brands, Cox Enterprises, and Mercedes-Benz USA's corporate offices.

Contents

History

Human settlement in the area can be traced back to approximately 400 CE, when Native Americans forged three trails to better access the area's freshwater springs. [7] In the 16th century, the Creek Muskogee tribe settled the area, where they remained until the early 1800s, when they were forced out of the area due to the discovery of gold. [7]

In 1821, the federal government held a number of land lotteries in the area, resulting in the purchase of land in present-day Sandy Springs and its subsequent settlement. [7] The Austin-Johnson House, the oldest existing unaltered house, was built in 1842 on what is now Johnson Ferry Road. [7] In 1851, Wilson Spruill donated 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land for the founding of Sandy Springs United Methodist Church, near the natural spring for which the city is named. [8] In 1905, the Hammond School was built at Johnson Ferry Road and Mt. Vernon Highway, across the street from the church.[ citation needed ]

20th century

In 1950, the state legislature blocked Atlanta from annexing the community, which remained rural until the Interstate Highway System was authorized by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. In 1959, after a fire at Hammond Elementary School, William Hartsfield, the mayor of Atlanta, urged residents to support annexation so that the area would have better firefighting protection. Community opposition killed the proposal. In the early 1960s, Georgia 400 and Interstate 285 were constructed, connecting Sandy Springs to metro Atlanta and initiating a housing boom that brought new residents and major land development as part of the white flight from Atlanta after the Civil Rights Movement won greater racial integration within Atlanta. [9]

In 1965, Hartsfield once again proposed the annexation of the Sandy Springs area. Spokesmen for Sandy Springs promised residents to "build up a city separate from Atlanta and your Negroes and forbid any Negroes to buy, or own, or live within our limits" should they reject annexation. [9] In 1966, annexation by Atlanta was defeated in a referendum, with two-thirds voting against.[ citation needed ]

Efforts to incorporate Sandy Springs began in 1966 in response to attempts by the city of Atlanta to annex this unincorporated area of north Fulton County. [10]

In the early 1970s, the city of Atlanta attempted to use a state law to force annexation of Sandy Springs, which failed after the Supreme Court of Georgia ruled that the law was unconstitutional. In response, a group of residents formed the Committee for Sandy Springs 1975 to lobby for the incorporation of Sandy Springs. [7]

During this time, proponents for an incorporated Sandy Springs argued that their taxes were disproportionately going to other, largely non-white, communities in Fulton County. [11] In every legislative session, state legislators representing the area introduced a bill in the Georgia General Assembly to authorize a referendum on incorporation. [7] Legislators representing Atlanta and southwestern Fulton County, who feared that tax revenue would be lost from incorporation, blocked the bills, [7] using the procedural requirement that all local legislation be approved first by a delegation of representatives from the affected area.[ citation needed ]

In 1991, the Georgia state government determined that Sandy Springs, along with other wealthier, and predominantly white, communities in Fulton County was being taxed below statewide minimums, resulting in an increase in taxes for the area. [11] Some Sandy Springs residents, including Mitch Skandalakis, launched a number of campaigns against the taxes, and launched an unsuccessful lawsuit against the state. [11]

On January 16, 1997, Eric Rudolph bombed an abortion clinic in Sandy Springs. [12] [13]

21st century

When the Republican Party gained a majority in both houses of the Georgia General Assembly in 2005, the procedural rules previously used to prevent a vote by the full chamber were changed so that the bill was handled as a state bill and not as a local bill.[ citation needed ] The assembly also repealed the requirement that new cities must be at least 3 miles (4.8 km) from existing cities that had stymied previous attempts to incorporate due to Sandy Springs directly bordering both Roswell and Atlanta.[ citation needed ] The bill allowing for a referendum on incorporation was introduced and passed as HB 37. [14] The referendum initiative was approved by the Assembly and signed by Governor Sonny Perdue.

A referendum was held on June 21, 2005, and residents voted 94% in favor of incorporation. [7] In November 2005, voters returned to the polls to elect a mayor and six city council members.

Formal incorporation occurred on December 1, making Sandy Springs the third-largest city ever to incorporate in the U.S. [2] The city's police force and fire department began service in 2006. Upon incorporation, Sandy Springs initiated a nontraditional approach by operating as a public-private partnership (PPP), with all but six full-time employees being contracted. [15]

In 2010, the city undertook a procurement process to rebid all general city services, which was won by CH2M Hill. [15] The timing of this contract, during the Great Recession, allowed the city to leverage a cheaper contract due to the economic downturn. [15]

In 2010, the city became the first jurisdiction in Georgia to successfully "bail out" from the preclearance requirements of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act. [16]

In 2019, the Sandy Springs City Council moved to scale back the PPP model, directly hiring 183 contract employees, leaving only 15 outsourced full-time workers by the end of 2019. [17] The city will still outsource a number of services, including the city attorney's office, as well as security, street sweeping and ambulance services. [17] The move was expected to save $2.7 million in the next year and more than $14 million over 5 years. [15] [17]

Geography

The boundaries of Sandy Springs are Atlanta to the south, Cobb County (at the Chattahoochee River) to the west and north, Roswell (also at the river) to the north, and Dunwoody and Brookhaven, at the DeKalb County line, to the east. A small panhandle in the northeast extends between the Chattahoochee River to the north and Dunwoody to the south, ending in a very small border with Peachtree Corners in the extreme western edge of Gwinnett County.

Climate

Sandy Springs has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). During January and February 2014, the Atlanta area, including Sandy Springs, experienced a severe snow storm and a severe ice storm, both of which left much of the region without power, caused major travel disruptions, and the former storm forced people to take shelter in cars and schools as the city was underprepared for the black ice that prevented transport. [18]

Climate data for Sandy Springs
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)75
(24)		80
(27)		88
(31)		91
(33)		95
(35)		101
(38)		102
(39)		101
(38)		98
(37)		88
(31)		84
(29)		76
(24)		102
(39)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)50
(10)		55
(13)		63
(17)		71
(22)		78
(26)		84
(29)		88
(31)		86
(30)		81
(27)		72
(22)		62
(17)		53
(12)		70
(21)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)29
(−2)		32
(0)		38
(3)		45
(7)		54
(12)		62
(17)		67
(19)		66
(19)		60
(16)		47
(8)		39
(4)		32
(0)		48
(9)
Record low °F (°C)−10
(−23)		1
(−17)		6
(−14)		24
(−4)		31
(−1)		40
(4)		48
(9)		50
(10)		28
(−2)		25
(−4)		10
(−12)		−1
(−18)		−10
(−23)
Average precipitation inches (mm)5.34
(136)		4.78
(121)		5.52
(140)		4.04
(103)		4.63
(118)		3.66
(93)		4.17
(106)		4.32
(110)		3.87
(98)		3.58
(91)		3.73
(95)		4.18
(106)		51.82
(1,316)
Source: [19]

Neighborhoods

Northside Tower, a downtown landmark located in City Springs at Sandy Springs Place and Roswell Road Northside Tower.jpg
Northside Tower, a downtown landmark located in City Springs at Sandy Springs Place and Roswell Road
The skyline of Pill Hill in the Sandy Springs portion of Perimeter Center Pill hill, atlanta.jpg
The skyline of Pill Hill in the Sandy Springs portion of Perimeter Center

Downtown—City Springs

City Springs, the downtown district of Sandy Springs, is usually defined as the area to the south and east of Sandy Springs Circle, to the north of Interstate 285, and to the west of Boylston Drive. It is located approximately 12 miles directly north of Downtown Atlanta. In the absence of a traditional downtown, city leaders created City Springs, a multi-use development containing municipal offices, residential, retail, green space and a performing arts center, landmarking a formal "downtown" for its residents. [20] City leaders purchased the property in 2008, which was once the site of a former Target (formerly Richway) shopping center,[ citation needed ] located between Roswell Road, Johnson Ferry Road, and Mount Vernon Highway. Since then, the surrounding area in the district has become a center for urban renewal for the city, with many new mixed-use apartment developments being planned or built, primarily replacing old strip malls along Roswell Road. The City Springs center officially opened in 2018, 10 years after the original site purchase. [20] The official address for the complex is on Galambos Way, named after the city's first mayor, Eva Galambos. [20] Within the City Springs district is Heritage Green, which is home to the spring which spurred the name of the city.[ citation needed ]

Riverside

Riverside is the western district of the city, located south of Dalyrmple Road and west of Roswell Road, bordering the Chattahoochee River to the west, forming the western border with Cobb County. It is a high-income, residential area marked by winding, hilly roads and old growth forest. The main roads are Heards Ferry Road and Riverside Drive, and it is located off the Riverside Drive exit of I-285. Two of the public schools within Sandy Springs are located here, Heards Ferry Elementary and Riverwood International Charter School. The headquarters for the Fulton County Board of Education are also found in this district. Many of the neighborhoods in this area derive their name from the river. [21] [22]

The Panhandle

The Dunwoody Panhandle, or just "The Panhandle" is a residential area bounded by the Dunwoody city limit to the south, the Chattahoochee River to the north, Georgia 400 to the west, and Peachtree Corners city limit to the east. The district's name is derived from the fact that it is wedged between the river and Dunwoody, forming a geographic panhandle. Major roads include Dunwoody Club Drive and Spalding Drive, and Interstate access is through the Northridge Road exit of Georgia 400. Many who lived in the neighborhood during Sandy Springs' incorporation considered themselves part of Dunwoody, and voiced their opposition to the installment of street sign toppers labelled "Sandy Springs". [23] Then-mayor Eva Galambos stated that these new signs would do nothing to diminish the neighborhood's identity. [23] Some residents still consider the area to be "Dunwoody in Sandy Springs", similar to the Buckhead Community district of Atlanta.

Perimeter Center

Perimeter Center is a commercial edge city and business district surrounding Perimeter Mall. Although about 40% of Perimeter Center, including the mall, is located in Dunwoody, the western 60%, including most of the area's office towers, are located in Sandy Springs. Pill Hill is located in the Sandy Springs section of Perimeter Center, and is the largest medical center in Georgia. It includes Northside Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. More than 40% of the hospital beds in the metro area are located within Sandy Springs. Landmarks include Hammond Park, Concourse at Landmark Center, colloquially called the 'King' and 'Queen' buildings due to their distinct white crown architecture at the top of each tower, as well as two MARTA stations, the Sandy Springs and Medical Center MARTA stations. [24] The area also includes the 400-285 highway interchange, which is currently undergoing major construction. The top three tallest suburban buildings in the country are found here, the 'King' and 'Queen', and nearby Park Towers at #3.

North Springs

North Springs is located in the northern portion of the city, and is generally defined as the area west of the Dunwoody/DeKalb County border, east of Brandon Mill Road, north of Abernathy Road, and south of Dalrymple Road and Spalding Drive. The North Springs MARTA station, the terminus of the MARTA Red Line, serves the district. Five of Sandy Springs' public schools are in this area, including the newest Ison Springs Elementary School, Woodland Elementary School, Spalding Drive Charter Elementary School, Sandy Springs Charter Middle School, and North Springs Charter High School. [25] [26] [27] [28]

South Springs—Sandy Springs ITP

South Springs or Sandy Springs ITP, an acronym for "inside the perimeter", refers to a portion of the city which extends south of Interstate 285, colloquially referred to as "the perimeter". [29] [30] It is located north of the City of Atlanta border, east of the Riverside district, south of Interstate 285, and west of the Brookhaven/DeKalb County border. The southern area of this district is considered to be a part of the greater Chastain Park community of Buckhead. The public schools in this area include Ridgeview Charter School and High Point Elementary School. [31] The popular Atlanta radio station 99X broadcasts on 98.9 from here. [32]

Powers Ferry Landing

The business district just east of the river crossing is called Powers Ferry Landing, located where Northside Drive crosses the road, just east of the former landing. This provides freeway access at Northside Drive (west ramps) and New Northside Drive (east ramps, road and ramps built in a 1990s reconstruction). Signage on the freeway indicates Powers Ferry Road, Northside Drive, and New Northside Drive. [33]

North End

The North End is a large district in the northernmost portion of the city, and is generally defined as the area to the west of GA400, to the south and east of the Chattahoochee River, and to the north of Dalrymple Road. It is accessible via GA400 at Northridge Road, and contains the Northridge business area and the North River Village community. The Huntcliff community is located west of the district, on a panhandle to the northwest.[ citation needed ]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1980 46,877—
1990 67,84244.7%
2000 85,78126.4%
2010 93,8539.4%
2020 108,08015.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [34]
1850-1870 [35] 1870-1880 [36]
1890-1910 [37] 1920-1930 [38]
1940 [39] 1950 [40] 1960 [41]
1970 [42] 1980 [43] 1990 [44]
2000 [45] 2010 [46] 2020 [47]

(Note: the 2000 U.S. census numbers are for Sandy Springs prior to incorporation, but cover the same area.)

Map of racial distribution in Sandy Springs, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person: .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} White Black Asian Hispanic Multiracial Native American/Other Race and ethnicity 2020 Sandy Springs, GA.png
Map of racial distribution in Sandy Springs, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person: ⬤ White⬤ Black⬤ Asian⬤ Hispanic⬤ Multiracial⬤ Native American/Other
Sandy Springs, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000 [48] Pop 2010 [49] Pop 2020 [47] % 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)62,65755,06658,13073.04%58.67%53.78%
Black or African American alone (NH)10,13918,09219,77311.82%19.28%18.29%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)991601370.12%0.17%0.13%
Asian alone (NH)2,7934,66010,1603.26%4.97%9.40%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)4033560.05%0.04%0.05%
Some Other Race alone (NH)3276718060.38%0.71%0.75%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)1,2121,8034,2781.41%1.92%3.96%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)8,51413,36814,7409.93%14.24%13.64%
Total85,78193,853108,080100.00%100.00%100.00%

Sandy Springs was first listed as a census designated place in the 1980 U.S. census [43] [42] and incorporated prior to the 2010 U.S. census. [49] [45]

According to the 2020 United States census, there were 108,080 people, 52,820 households, and 25,861 families residing in the city; this is up from a population of 93,853 at the 2010 census, and 85,781 at the 2000 census. When it was first listed as a census designated place in 1980, its population was 46,877.

According to a 2008 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $106,240, and the median income for a family was $129,810. The average income for a household was $116,406 and the average income for a family was $169,815. Males had a median income of $60,053 versus $50,030 for females. About 3.1% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over. [50] [51] [ full citation needed ]

Economy

The largest employers within Sandy Springs are hospitals, headquarters and regional offices from a variety of industries including computer related services, package delivery, telecommunications, media, and financial transaction processing. Sandy Springs is home to three hospitals: Northside Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, comprising 40& of the hospital beds in the region. The North-American headquarters for Mercedes-Benz is at Glenridge Hall. [52]

Top employers

According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, [53] the top employers in the city were:

#Employer# of employees
1 United Parcel Service 2,081
2 OneTrust 2,043
3 IBM 1,935
4David Green1,300
5 Manheim Auctions 1,136
6 Intercontinental Exchange 994
7 VMware 960
8 Inspire Brands & subsidiaries931
9 Cox Communications 908
10 Cox Enterprises 828

Arts and culture

Museums

The Heritage Sandy Springs Museum opened in 2010, and is dedicated to the history of Sandy Springs.

Sandy Springs has a museum devoted to Anne Frank.

Annual festivals

The Sandy Springs Festival, established in 1984, is the largest community event in Sandy Springs, with approximately 30,000 attendees. The festival features artists, civic and business expositions, bands, children's events, and a road race. [54]

Sandy Springs Artsapalooza is an annual fine arts festival. [55]

Stars and Stripes Celebration is an annual community fireworks display held on the July 4 holiday. [56]

The annual Chattahoochee River Summer Splash is a 6-mile (10 km) float along the Chattahoochee River.

Public libraries

Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System operates the Sandy Springs Branch located near City Springs. [57]

Parks and recreation

Bull Sluice Lake, located in Morgan Falls Overlook Park BullSluiceLake.jpg
Bull Sluice Lake, located in Morgan Falls Overlook Park
Hewlett Lodge, Headquarters for Chattahoochee National Recreation Area Hewlett Lodge from the North.jpg
Hewlett Lodge, Headquarters for Chattahoochee National Recreation Area

Sandy Springs' sixteen parks and greenspaces contain more than 950 acres (380 ha) of parkland. [58]

Bike lanes can be found in parts of the city. Multi-use trails include Abernathy Greenway and PATH400.

Government

Officials

Services

Sandy Springs was noted for contracting private companies to perform the majority of its services in a public-private partnership model of government at the beginning of its incorporation in 2005. [59] While many governments contract with private-sector companies on a per-project basis, Sandy Springs is believed to be the first American city to outsource its services for the majority of ongoing operations. They chose to do so as an economic response to the Great Recession. The city regularly hosted delegations from other governments that were interested in the model. [60] Services not outsourced include police, fire-rescue, and city management. The city moved away from the private-public partnership model in 2019 when it was realized how much money was lost to private contractors and hired 184 full-time city staff that work at the new City Springs development. It now operates as a hybrid model, outsourcing projects to private companies as needed. The city estimates $14 million will be saved over the next five years from hiring full-time staff. [61]

A new city hall opened in 2018. [62]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

North Springs Charter School of Arts and Sciences North Springs Charter School of Arts and Sciences, Sandy Springs, GA Dec 2017.jpg
North Springs Charter School of Arts and Sciences
Riverwood International Charter School Riverwood High School, Sandy Springs, GA Dec 2017.jpg
Riverwood International Charter School

Public schools are operated by the Fulton County School System. Elementary schools serving sections of Sandy Springs include Dunwoody Springs Charter Elementary School, Heards Ferry Elementary School, High Point Elementary School, Ison Springs Elementary School, Lake Forest Elementary School, Spalding Drive Charter Elementary School, and Woodland Charter Elementary School. [63] Two middle schools, Sandy Springs Middle School and Ridgeview Charter Middle School, and two high schools, North Springs Charter School of Arts and Sciences and Riverwood High School, are in and serve Sandy Springs.

Private schools located in Sandy Springs include:

The initial campus of Sophia Academy, which opened in 1999, was on a rental property, [68] in what became Sandy Springs. [69] [70] Construction on its new campus on what later became Chamblee began circa 2007. [68]

Media

Newspapers include the Sandy Springs Reporter, [71] and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . [72]

Notable television shows and movies recorded within the city include Auction Kings , Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta , The Real Housewives of Atlanta , The Righteous Gemstones , the CW's Dynasty , The Vampire Diaries , and Driving Miss Daisy .[ citation needed ]

Infrastructure

Major roads and expressways

Highways include Georgia 400, I-285, U.S. 19, and Georgia 9.

Roads include Spalding Drive and Roswell Road.

In 2008, the Sandy Springs Traffic Management Center was founded, and traffic cameras were installed. [73]

Mass transit

The major provider of mass transit is MARTA, which operates a heavy rail rapid transit line and several bus lines through Sandy Springs. The city is served by the Medical Center, Sandy Springs and North Springs stations. The Georgia Regional Transportation Authority also operates express buses from the North Springs station (which has its own ramps to and from 400) to other counties.[ citation needed ]

Police and fire

The Sandy Springs Police Department is the city's police department [74] and took over services from Fulton County in 2006, with 86 original police officers recruited from various police agencies from all over the State of Georgia. The department 149 full-time sworn officers, 11 part-time officers, and 23 civilians. The department answered 124,374 calls for service and made 3,390 arrests in 2020.

The city's fire department began operations in 2006. The department consists of 113 full-time firefighters, and handled 17,000 responses to 8,205 calls for service.

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The Fulton County School System is a school district headquartered in Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States. The system serves the area of Fulton County outside the Atlanta city limits. Fulton County Schools serve the cities of Alpharetta, Johns Creek, Milton, Mountain Park, Roswell, and Sandy Springs north of Atlanta, and Chattahoochee Hills, College Park, East Point, Fairburn, Hapeville, Palmetto, Union City, South Fulton, and Fulton's remaining unincorporated areas in the south. Fulton County is the fourth-largest school system in Georgia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunwoody station</span> MARTA rail station

Dunwoody is a train station in Dunwoody, Georgia, on the Red Line of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) rail system. It is located at the southwest corner of Perimeter Mall, and also serves the surrounding high-rise office parks in the Perimeter Center business district. From 1996 to 2000, it was the terminus of the old North Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johns Creek, Georgia</span> City in Georgia, United States

Johns Creek is a city in Fulton County, Georgia, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population was 82,453. The city is a northeastern suburb of Atlanta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chattahoochee Hills, Georgia</span> City in Georgia, United States

Chattahoochee Hills is a city in southern Fulton County, Georgia, United States. It is the incorporated part of a region called "Chattahoochee Hill Country", an area encompassing approximately 60,000 acres (240 km2) southwest of Atlanta, bordered on the northwest side by the Chattahoochee River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peachtree Corners, Georgia</span> City in the United States

Peachtree Corners is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area, and is the largest city in Gwinnett County with a population of 42,243 as of the 2020 U.S. census.

Johnson Ferry was an important 19th-century ferry linking what is now Atlanta with much of north Georgia on the other side of the Chattahoochee River. The name Johnson is a corrupted version of the owner's name, which was really Johnston; therefore the ferry was originally called the Johnston ferry. A historical plaque on the present Johnson Ferry Road documents that ownership.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metro Atlanta</span> Combined Statistical Area in Georgia, United States of America

Metro Atlanta, designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area, is the most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. state of Georgia and the sixth-largest in the United States, based on the July 1, 2023 metropolitan area population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Its economic, cultural, and demographic center is Atlanta, and its total population was 6,307,261 in the 2023 estimate from the U.S. Census Bureau.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spalding Drive</span> Street in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.

Spalding Drive is an approximately 12 miles (19 km) east–west road connecting four suburban cities in north Atlanta: Sandy Springs, Dunwoody, Peachtree Corners, and Norcross. For most of its length, which roughly parallels the Chattahoochee River, it is lined on both sides with residential neighborhoods and private homes. Spalding Drive traverses a hilly topography and is subject to dangerous curves at many points. However, after crossing Peachtree Corners Circle, the road becomes flatter and more commercialized, passing by many office parks, and the Peachtree Corners post office and library. Norcross High School is located just before the road's eastern terminus within the Norcross city limits.

References

  1. 1 2 3 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Sandy Springs, Georgia
  2. 1 2 Daughters of the American Revolution, Sandy Springs Chapter (2010). "City of Sandy Springs - From the Daughters of the American Revolution, Sandy Springs Chapter". City of Sandy Springs. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  3. ↑ City of Sandy Springs (2010). "City of Sandy Springs - Mayor's Office". Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  4. ↑ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  5. ↑ United States Postal Service (2012). "USPS - Look Up a ZIP Code" . Retrieved February 15, 2012.
  6. ↑ "QuickFacts: Sandy Springs city, Georgia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Sandy Springs GA History". SandySprings.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2010. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Sandy Springs GA History". visitsandysprings.org. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  9. 1 2 Kruse, Kevin Michael (2007). White flight : Atlanta and the making of modern conservatism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN   9781400848973. OCLC   852159650.
  10. ↑ "City History". www.sandyspringsga.gov. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  11. 1 2 3 Rosen, Sam (April 26, 2017). "Atlanta's Controversial 'Cityhood' Movement". The Atlantic. ISSN   1072-7825. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  12. ↑ Bragg, Rick (January 17, 1997). "2 Bomb Blasts Rock Abortion Clinic at Atlanta; 6 Are Injured". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  13. ↑ Bonvillian, Crystal (March 19, 2018). "Serial bomber Eric Rudolph targeted Olympics, gay club, abortion clinics". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  14. ↑ Wilkinson, Joe; Willard, Wendell; Geisinger, Harry; Lindsey, Edward (2005). "Georgia General Assembly - House Bill 37". Georgia General Assembly. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Paterson, Blake (September 19, 2019). "Why Sandy Springs, Georgia – once a model for St. George – has abandoned privatization". The Advocate. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  16. ↑ "U.S. Reaches Agreements with Kings Mountain, N.C., and Sandy Springs, Ga., to Terminate Coverage from Preclearance of the Voting Rights Act". Justice.gov. September 22, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  17. 1 2 3 Arielle Kass, Ben Brasch (May 17, 2019). "Sandy Springs, First in Cityhood, Changes How it Does Business". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
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  19. ↑ "Average weather for Sandy Springs". Weather.com. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
  20. 1 2 3 "City Springs complex anchors new downtown for Sandy Springs". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. July 8, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  21. ↑ "Sandy Springs Civic Roundtable - Neighborhood Profiles". Archived from the original on August 26, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Fulton County Schools / Homepage". www.fultonschools.org.
  23. 1 2 "Sandy Springs vetoes Dunwoody toppers - Dunwoody Crier: Local News". Thecrier.net. July 25, 2006. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  24. ↑ "About Perimeter CIDs - Perimeter Community Improvement Districts". Archived from the original on September 6, 2012.
  25. ↑ "MARTA - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority". Itsmarta.com. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  26. ↑ "www.northspringshigh.com".
  27. ↑ North Springs Neighborhood Archived August 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ↑ "Sandy Springs Public Schools".
  29. ↑ Osterman, Jim (September 3, 2010). "Sandy Springs: ITP snob appeal is s-o-o-o-o not funny". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  30. ↑ "Navigating Atlanta Neighborhoods: ITP vs. OTP | | KNOWAtlanta" . Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Sandy Springs Public Schools" . Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  32. ↑ "99X" . Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  33. ↑ "Sandy Springs' Powers Ferry Landing gets a place in the spotlight". April 17, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade". United States Census Bureau.
  35. ↑ "1870 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1870.
  36. ↑ "1880 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880.
  37. ↑ "1910 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1910.
  38. ↑ "1930 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930. pp. 251–256.
  39. ↑ "1940 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1940.
  40. ↑ "1950 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1950.
  41. ↑ "1960 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1960.
  42. 1 2 "1970 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1970.
  43. 1 2 "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980.
  44. ↑ "1990 Census of Population - Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1990.
  45. 1 2 "2000 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000.
  46. ↑ "2010 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2010.
  47. 1 2 "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sandy Springs city, Georgia". United States Census Bureau .
  48. ↑ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Sandy Springs CDP, Georgia". United States Census Bureau .
  49. 1 2 "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sandy Springs city, Georgia". United States Census Bureau .
  50. ↑ "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  51. ↑ "Sandy Springs, GA".
  52. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz USA Celebrates Grand Opening of New Headquarters". March 15, 2018.
  53. ↑ "City of Sandy Springs, GA ACFR" (PDF). sandyspringsga.org. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  54. ↑ "Sandy Springs Festival".
  55. ↑ "Sandy Springs Artsapalooza".
  56. ↑ "Sandy Springs, GA".
  57. ↑ "Sandy Springs Branch." Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System. Retrieved on February 24, 2010.
  58. ↑ "Sandy Springs, GA".
  59. ↑ Feine, Paul. "Sandy Springs, Georgia: The city that outsourced everything". ReasonTV. Reason Foundation. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
  60. ↑ Segal, David (June 23, 2012). "A Georgia Town Takes the People's Business Private". The New York Times.
  61. ↑ "Public Private Partnership". March 3, 2022.
  62. ↑ Northam, Mitchell (April 4, 2018). "New city hall in Sandy Springs set to open in May". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  63. ↑ "Sandy Springs Elementary School Attendance Boundaries School Year 2009–2010 Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine ." Fulton County School System. Accessed October 26, 2008.
  64. ↑ "Home". St. Jude the Apostle Catholic School. Retrieved March 11, 2020. 7171 Glenridge Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30328 - Address says "Atlanta, GA" but it is in the Sandy Springs city limits
  65. ↑ "History and Mission". St. Jude the Apostle Catholic School. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  66. ↑ "Contact Us." Holy Spirit Preparatory School. Retrieved on January 7, 2019. "Upper School Campus 4449 Northside Drive Atlanta, GA 30327" and "Lower School Campus 4820 Long Island Drive Atlanta, GA 30342" and "Preschool Campus 4465 Northside Drive Atlanta, GA 30327"
  67. ↑ "Zoning." City of Sandy Springs. Retrieved on January 7, 2019.
  68. 1 2 "History". Sophia Academy. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  69. ↑ "Home". Sophia Academy. November 1, 2004. Archived from the original on November 1, 2004. Retrieved May 12, 2020. 650 Mt. Vernon Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30238
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  71. ↑ "Reporter Newspapers".
  72. ↑ "AJC.com: Atlanta News, Sports, Atlanta Weather, Business News".
  73. ↑ "Capital Improvement Projects". Archived from the original on January 29, 2011.
  74. ↑ "Sandy Springs Police Department".

Further reading

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