Salient (geography)

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Map of Namibia showing the Caprivi Strip in the country's northeast. Wa-map.gif
Map of Namibia showing the Caprivi Strip in the country's northeast.

A salient, panhandle, or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state.

Contents

While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.

In American English, the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma, or the northernmost portion of Idaho. Another term is bootheel, used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas.

Origin

The term salient is derived from military salients. The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan, and its use is generally confined to North America.

The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, though the location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties or topography.

Country-level salients

Africa

Far North Province of Cameroon Cameroon - Far North.svg
Far North Province of Cameroon
A map of the Congo Pedicle Congo Pedicle map showing neighbouring Zambia.png
A map of the Congo Pedicle
SalientCountry
Cibitoke Province Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi
Far North Region Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon
Congo Pedicle Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kongo Central
Southern Red Sea Region Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea
Gambela Region Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia
Somali Region
Nimba County Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia
Nsanje District Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi
Kayes Region Flag of Mali.svg  Mali
Azawad
Tete Province Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique
Caprivi Strip Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia
Casamance Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal
Kalahari Gemsbok National Park Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
Upper Nile Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan
Blue Nile Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan
Wadi Halfa Salient
Kagera Region Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania
Cinkassé Prefecture Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo

Asia

Chittagong Division Bangladesh Chattogram in Bangladesh.svg
Chittagong Division Bangladesh
Map of India showing the Seven Sister states in the northeast plus the smaller salient of Sikkim immediately to their west. India-locator-map-NE.svg
Map of India showing the Seven Sister states in the northeast plus the smaller salient of Sikkim immediately to their west.
The 14 provinces of Thailand forming the salient of Southern Thailand. Thailand South.png
The 14 provinces of Thailand forming the salient of Southern Thailand.
SalientCountry
Wakhan Corridor Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan
Chittagong Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh
Rangpur
Sylhet
Western Belait District Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei
Myanmar Panhandle (Kayin State, Mon State and Tanintharyi Region)Flag of Myanmar.svg  Burma
Puta-O District
Maungdaw District
Mong Yawng Township
Parrot's Beak Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
Yadong County (Tibet Autonomous Region)Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Seven Sister States (largest in the world)Flag of India.svg  India
Sikkim Flag of India.svg  India
West Timor Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Jerusalem corridor Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
Galilee panhandle
Mafraq Governorate Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan
Mangystau Region Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan
Batken Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan
Phongsaly Province Flag of Laos.svg  Laos
Tfail Salient Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon
North Hamgyŏng, South Hamgyŏng and Ryanggang Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea [ citation needed ][ who? ]
Primorsky Krai Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Sughd Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan
Southern Thailand Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
Aralık, Iğdır Province Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
Hatay Province
Tashkent Region Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan
Fergana and Andijan Regions
Namangan
Tashkent City
Jizzakh Region
Sirdaryo Region
Surxondaryo Region
Tây Ninh Province Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam

Europe

Dutch Limburg shown within the Netherlands Limburg in the Netherlands.svg
Dutch Limburg shown within the Netherlands
SalientCountry
Syunik Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia
Tyrol and Vorarlberg Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
West Flanders Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
Tamashowka Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus
Neum Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dubrovnik-Neretva County,Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia
Ilok,
Louroujina Salient Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus
Aš administrative district,Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic
Šluknov Hook,
Laatre, Viljandi County Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia
Enontekiö Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
Charleville-Mézières Flag of France.svg  France
Kakheti Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia
Western Thrace Flag of Greece.svg  Greece
County Donegal,Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
County Monaghan,
Province of Trieste Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Dieveniškės appendixFlag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania
Castelré, North Brabant,Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Limburg,
County Fermanagh Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Pasvikdalen valleyFlag of Norway.svg  Norway
Gmina Bogatynia,Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Kłodzko County,
Melgaço and north of Monção and Arcos de Valdevez (Viana do Castelo District)Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal
Tourém in north of Montalegre (Vila Real District)
Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso (Bragança District)
Moura and eastern Barrancos (Beja District) and Mourão (Évora District)
Bryansk Oblast Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Ain, (around the border of Switzerland)Flag of France.svg  France
Galicia Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Slovene Istria,Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia
Prekmurje,
Canton of Geneva,Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland
Canton of Schaffhausen,
Bernina, Inn, Lugano, Mendrisio and Porrentruy Districts
Budjak Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Jamena Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia
Petsamo Flag of Finland.svg  Finland

South America

Misiones Province within Argentina Provincia de Misiones, Argentina.png
Misiones Province within Argentina
SalientCountry
Misiones Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Leticia Trapeze Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Southeast Guainía Department
Yavaraté, Vaupés Department
Petén Department Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala
Tumbes Region Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Amazonas Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela

North America

SalientCountry
Southeast Alaska Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Southern Ontario (particularly Ontario Peninsula)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Tatshenshini-Alsek Park, British Columbia
Madawaska County, New Brunswick
Labrador West, Newfoundland and Labrador

Subnational salients

The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations.

Africa

Location of Niari Department within the Republic of the Congo. The southeastern arm is the Kimongo District. Niari in Congo.svg
Location of Niari Department within the Republic of the Congo. The southeastern arm is the Kimongo District.
Location of the Fatick Region within Senegal. Gossas Department is the northeastern arm. Fatick in Senegal.svg
Location of the Fatick Region within Senegal. Gossas Department is the northeastern arm.
SalientCountry
Tafraoui and Oran Province Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria
Southwestern Saïda Province Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria
Northeastern Bié Province Flag of Angola.svg  Angola
Eastern Kgalagadi District Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana
Balé Province and Boucle du Mouhoun Region Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso
Kouritenga Province, Centre-Est Region Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso
Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi
Northern Muyinga Province Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi
Kimongo District, Niari Department Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo
Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea
Sitti Zone, Somali Region Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia
Haut-Komo Department, Woleu-Ntem Province Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon
Upper Denkyira West District, Central Region Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana
Télimélé Prefecture,Kindia Region Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea
Northeast Mamou Prefecture, Mamou Region Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea
Western Isiolo County Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya
Eastern Al Wahat District Flag of Libya.svg  Libya
Southern Mzimba District, Northern Region Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi
Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania
Boumdeid Department, Assaba Region Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania
Southeastern Tete Province Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique
Gossas Department, Fatick Region Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal
Southern Uvinza District, Kigoma Region Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania
Babati, Hanang, Mbulu Districts, Manyara Region Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania
Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts, Midlands Province Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe

South America

Guayas Province, Ecuador. Balzar and El Empalme Cantons form the northern arm of the province. Guayas in Ecuador (+Galapagos).svg
Guayas Province, Ecuador. Balzar and El Empalme Cantons form the northern arm of the province.
Venezuela's Barinas State. Andres Eloy Blanco is the small western extension of the state, Arismendi is the larger eastern extremity. Paez, in Apure, lies immediately to the south of western Barinas. Barinas in Venezuela.svg
Venezuela's Barinas State. Andrés Eloy Blanco is the small western extension of the state, Arismendi is the larger eastern extremity. Páez, in Apure, lies immediately to the south of western Barinas.
SalientCountry
Southern Buenos Aires Province Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Luis Calvo, Chuquisaca Department Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia
Sud Cinti, Chuquisaca Department
Whale Coast, Bahia Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Alto Parnaíba, Balsas, and Tasso Fragoso, southernmost Maranhão
Northern Mato Grosso
Ponta do Abunã in northwest Rondônia
Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais
Arauco Province, Bío Bío Region Flag of Chile.svg  Chile
San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region
Urabá region, Antioquia Department Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Unguía and Acandí in northernmost Chocó Department
Santander Department northern tip
Santa Rosa and Piamonte in southeastern Cauca Department
Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura Province Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador
Eastern Tena Canton, Napo Province
Balzar and El Empalme Cantons, Guayas Province
Northern East Berbice-Corentyne Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana
Caravelí Province, Arequipa Region Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Northern Tapanahony, Sipaliwini District Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname
Páez, Apure Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela
Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality, Barinas
Arismendi Municipality, Barinas

North and Central America

SalientCountry
Toronto (East York, Etobicoke, Old Toronto, York)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Northwestern British Columbia
Middle Côte-Nord, Quebec
Western Puntarenas Province Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica
Guamá, Santiago de Cuba Province Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Southern Hato Mayor Province Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic
Southern Samaná Province
Southern San Miguel Department Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador
Norte, Jalisco Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
Eastern Tabasco
Southeastern Zacatecas
Southern Zacatecas
Chiriquí Grande District, Bocas del Toro Province Flag of Panama.svg  Panama
Southern Chimán District, Panamá Province
Mariato District, Veraguas Province
Alaska Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Connecticut
Florida [a]
Idaho
Maryland [b]
Nebraska
Oklahoma
Texas
Eastern West Virginia
Missouri Bootheel
Northern West Virginia
New Mexico Bootheel
Trans-Pecos
The Thumb
Locations of panhandles within states of the USA PanhandleMap-USA-states.svg
Locations of panhandles within states of the USA

Asia

Location of Nabatieh District within Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon. Lebanon districts Nabatiye.png
Location of Nabatieh District within Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon.
Map of Gorno-Badakhshan within Tajikistan, showing the panhandle of Darvoz District in the west. Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan.svg
Map of Gorno-Badakhshan within Tajikistan, showing the panhandle of Darvoz District in the west.
South Sulawesi in Indonesia, with a panhandle of East Luwu Regency in the east South Sulawesi in Indonesia.svg
South Sulawesi in Indonesia, with a panhandle of East Luwu Regency in the east
SalientCountry
Wakhan District, Badakhshan Province Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan
Nawa District, Ghazni Province
Chishti Sharif District, Herat Province
Eastern Sarpang District Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan
Northern Mandalay Division Flag of Myanmar.svg  Burma
Tianchang, Anhui Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Maqu County, Gansu
Fan County and Taiqian County, Henan
Pingliang and Qingyang, Gansu
Daxing'anling Prefecture, Heilongjiang
Zhaotong, Yunnan
Koraput and Malkangiri districts, Odisha Flag of India.svg  India
Pathankot district, Punjab
Kota division, Rajasthan
Southern Jhansi division, Uttar Pradesh
Eastern salient of Java, East Java, [c] Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Wonogiri Regency, Central Java
Pacitan Regency, East Java
Mahakam Ulu Regency, East Kalimantan
South Jakarta, Jakarta Special Capital Region, and Depok, West Java
Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan
East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi
Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra
Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra
Semirom County, Isfahan Province Flag of Iran.svg  Iran
Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province
Southern Yazd Province
Noda, Chiba Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Nose, Osaka
Ōra District, Gunma
Reinan  [ ja ](Wakasa), Fukui
Wadi Araba Department, Aqaba Governorate Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan
Russeifa Department, Zarqa Governorate
Southwest Panfilov District, Chuy Region Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan
Chong-Alay District, Osh Region
Nabatieh District, Nabatieh Governorate Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon
Bandar Baharu District, Kedah,Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia
Northeast of Kuantan District, Eastern Pahang
South of Kemaman District, Terengganu
Eastern Achham District, Far-Western Region Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal
Western Surkhet District, Mid-Western Region
Bannu, Karak, and Kohat Divisions, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan
Tiwi, Albay Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Northernmost portion of barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal [1]
Northwestern Cagayan
Libis/Reparo, Santa Quiteria and Talipapa of southern Caloocan
Carmona, Cavite,
Northeastern Ilocos Sur (roughly corresponding to its 1st district),
Barangays Casile and Pittland, Cabuyao, Laguna
Santa Maria, Laguna
Las Piñas (Almanza Dos)
Eastern Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines (municipalities east of Sultan sa Barongis)
Carranglan, Nueva Ecija
Alfonso Castañeda, southern Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya
Eastern Sultan Kudarat (roughly corresponding to its 1st district, excluding Isulan)
Bikinsky District, Khabarovsk Krai Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Trincomalee District, Eastern Province Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka
Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama Governorate Flag of Syria.svg  Syria
Chenggong and Changbin townships, Taitung County Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan
Darvoz District, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan
Western Dhamar Governorate Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen

Europe

Location of Viken, Norway. The municipalities of Jevnaker and Lunner connect the former counties of Akershus and Buskerud Viken in Norway 2020.svg
Location of Viken, Norway. The municipalities of Jevnaker and Lunner connect the former counties of Akershus and Buskerud
Location of Newmarket (shown as red dot) within Suffolk, England Newmarket, Suffolk location.png
Location of Newmarket (shown as red dot) within Suffolk, England
Location of Manche within Normandy, France Manche-Position.svg
Location of Manche within Normandy, France
SalientCountry
Southern Gmunden, Upper Austria Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Pancharevo, Sofia City Province Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
Kuhmoinen, Pirkanmaa Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
Parikkala, South Karelia
Pudasjärvi-Taivalkoski-Kuusamo, North Ostrobothnia
Ruokolahti, South Karelia
Varkaus, Pohjois-Savo
Gironde, (panhandle is around the Gironde estuary)Flag of France.svg  France
Drôme, (Montfroc)
Hauts-de-Seine
Meurthe-et-Moselle
Manche
Lower Franconia, Bavaria Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Amt Neuhaus, District of Lüneburg, Lower Saxony
Osnabrück District and City, Lower Saxony
Altenburger Land, Thuringia
Southeastern Mureș County Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
Southeastern Győr-Moson-Sopron County Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Northern Pest County
Clonlisk, County Offaly Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
Tullyhaw, County Cavan
Province of Rieti, Lazio Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Raseiniai District Municipality, Kaunas County Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania
Dieveniškės, Vilnius County
Rivierenland, Gelderland Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Steenwijkerland, Overijssel
Viken Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Wschowa County, Lubusz Voivodeship Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Mourão, Évora District Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal
Vorkuta District, Komi Republic Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Negueira de Muñiz, Galicia (Spain) Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Aranjuez, Madrid (Spain)
A Mezquita, Galicia
Diessenhofen, Schlatt bei Diessenhofen, and Basadingen-Schlattingen, Frauenfeld District, Thurgau Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland
Monthey District, Valais
Buckfastleigh, Teignbridge Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Ceiriog Valley, Wrexham County Borough, Wales
English Maelor, Wrexham County Borough, Wales
Western New Forest District, Hampshire
Newmarket, Suffolk
North Cornwall, Cornwall
Stamford, Lincolnshire
South Staffordshire, Staffordshire
The area around Tring, Hertfordshire, which is itself bounded on one side by a salient of Buckinghamshire in the area around Pitstone, Ivinghoe and Dagnall
Ljig, Kolubara District Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia
Ljubovija, Mačva District
Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Petrovo, Republika Srpska
Ravno, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton

Oceania

Location of Anetan District within Nauru Anetan in Nauru.svg
Location of Anetan District within Nauru
Location of Timaru District within New Zealand's South Island. The Waitaki District is parallel with it, a little further south. Timaru DC.PNG
Location of Timaru District within New Zealand's South Island. The Waitaki District is parallel with it, a little further south.
SalientCountry
Northeastern Nadroga-Navosa Province, Western Division Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji
Southern Anetan District Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru
Rangitaiki River Valley, Bay of Plenty Region Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Hunter River Valley, Otago region
Upper Rangitata Valley, Timaru District
Upper Waitaki Valley, Waitaki District
Northeastern West New Britain Province Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This definition includes the following counties: Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington.
  2. ↑ This definition includes the following counties: Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington
  3. ↑ Not a geopolitical salient, but a normal geographical feature similar to that of a peninsula.

References

  1. ↑ "San Isidro". Google Maps . Google LLC . Retrieved 14 January 2020.

Further reading

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