This article's factual accuracy is disputed .(May 2024) |
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, varies in prevalence from nation to nation. Listed here are the prevalence rates among adults in various countries, based on data from various sources, largely the CIA World Factbook. [1] [2] [3]
As of 2022, around 39 million people, or 0.7% of the population, were estimated to be infected with HIV globally. Prevalence was higher among sex workers, gay and bisexual men, people who inject drugs, transgender people, and prisoners. [4]
The HIV pandemic is most severe in Southern Africa. Over 10% of all people infected with HIV/AIDS reside within the region. Adult HIV prevalence exceeds 15% in Eswatini, Botswana, Lesotho and Zimbabwe, while an additional six countries report adult HIV prevalence of at least 10%.
In absolute numbers, South Africa (9.2 million), followed Tanzania (2.55million) and Mozambique (2.48 million) and Nigeria (2.45million) had the highest HIV/AIDS number of cases by the start of 2024. [2] [5] While South Africa's large population of HIV-positive people is attributable to its high disease prevalence (17.3%, one of the highest in the world), Nigeria's is lower at 1.3%. [1] However, countries such as Nigeria with high HIV rates above 1% are classified as having Generalized HIV Epidemics (GHEs) by UNAIDS. [6]
This data was sourced from the CIA's world factbook [7] and UNAIDS AIDS info website [8] unless referenced otherwise. A horizontal dash "-" indicates the data was not published. Adult prevalence describes ages between 15 and 49.
Country/Region | Adult prevalence of HIV/AIDS [1] | Number of people with HIV/AIDS | Annual deaths from HIV/AIDS [3] | Year of estimate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eswatini | 28.30% | 240,000 | 3,000 | 2024 |
Lesotho | 24.10% | 403,000 | 5,380 | 2024 |
Botswana | 22.60% | 398,500 | 5,240 | 2024 |
Zimbabwe | 22.10% | 1,660,000 | 25,600 | 2024 |
South Africa | 14% | 9,230,000 | 77,000 | 2024 |
Namibia | 13.20% | 219,330 | 3,880 | 2024 |
Zambia | 12.5% | 1,550,000 | 20,000 | 2023 |
Mozambique | 12.65% | 2,485,000 | 59,100 | 2024 |
Malawi | 11.40% | 1,642,570 | 15,270 | 2024 |
Equatorial Guinea | 7.66% | 74,165 | 2,400 | 2024 |
Tanzania | 5.45% | 2,550,000 | 33,000 | 2024 |
Kenya | 5.10% | 1,710,000 | 24,000 | 2023 |
Uganda | 5% | 1,590,000 | 23,300 | 2023 |
Togo | 5.20% | 220,440 | 6,600 | 2024 |
Cameroon | 4% | 530,000 | 14,600 | 2023 |
Gabon | 3.90% | 59,000 | 1,500 | 2023 |
Central African Republic | 4% | 126,200 | 4,400 | 2024 |
Guinea-Bissau | 3.65% | 42,000 | 2,200 | 2023 |
Congo, Republic of the | 3.77% | 110,840 | 6,700 | 2024 |
Barbados | 3.10% | 4,400 | - | 2023 |
Rwanda | 2.90% | 230,000 | 2,800 | 2016 |
Côte d'Ivoire | 2.70% | 430,000 | 13,000 | 2016 |
South Sudan | 2.40% | 190,000 | 9,100 | 2016 |
Gambia, The | 2.40% | 31,000 | 1,540 | 2023 |
Haiti | 2.20% | 180,000 | 3,000 | 2023 |
Nigeria | 2.20% | 2,450,000 | 56,500 | 2024 |
Belize | 1.90% | 4,900 | - | 2018 |
Angola | 2.10% | 355,000 | 15,000 | 2024 |
Ghana | 2.00% | 361,897 | 22,000 | 2024 |
Bahamas, The | 1.80% | 6,000 | - | 2018 |
Jamaica | 1.65% | 32,000 | 1,000 | 2019 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [9] | 1.60% | 860 | - | 2023 |
Russian Federation [10] | 1.50% | 1,400,000 [11] | 24,000 | 2023 |
Liberia | 1.50% | 50,000 | 2,300 | 2023 |
Sierra Leone | 1.50% | 78,000 | 2,600 | 2019 |
Guinea | 1.40% | 110,000 | 3,100 | 2016 |
Guyana | 1.40% | 8,700 | - | 2019 |
Suriname | 1.30% | 5,800 | - | 2019 |
Djibouti | 1.50% | 9,100 | - | 2024 |
Burundi | 1.20% | 85,000 | 1,800 | 2016 |
Chad | 1.20% | 120,000 | 3,200 | 2016 |
Mali | 1.20% | 140,000 | 5,800 | 2016 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 1.20% | 11,000 | - | 2016 |
Thailand | 1.31% | 800,000 | 25,000 | 2024 |
Ethiopia | 1.40% | 760,000 | 25,000 | 2024 |
Ukraine | 1.10% | 260,000 | 9,100 | 2023 |
Brazil | 1.50% | 1,250,000 | 18,400 | 2024 |
Benin | 1.00% | 67,000 | 2,400 | 2016 |
Dominican Republic | 1.00% | 67,000 | 2,200 | 2024 |
Papua New Guinea | 0.90% | 46,000 | 1,100 | 2016 |
Cabo Verde | 0.80% | 2,800 | - | 2016 |
Panama | 1.30% | 42,000 | - | 2024 |
Myanmar | 1.20% | 281,000 | 8,400 | 2024 |
Burkina Faso | 0.80% | 95,000 | 3,100 | 2016 |
Congo, Democratic Republic of | 0.70% | 370,000 | 19,000 | 2016 |
Georgia | 1.00% | 25,000 | - | 2024 |
Latvia | 0.85% | 8,000 | - | 2024 |
Cambodia | 1.10% | 172,000 | 3,700 | 2024 |
Venezuela | 0.70% | 160,000 | 4,700 | 2024 |
Moldova | 1.10% | 23,800 | - | 2024 |
Eritrea | 0.60% | 15,000 | - | 2016 |
El Salvador | 0.60% | 24,000 | - | 2016 |
Uruguay | 1.10% | 46,000 | - | 2024 |
Mauritania | 0.50% | 11,000 | - | 2016 |
Chile | 2.00% | 155,000 | - | 2024 |
Guatemala | 0.50% | 46,000 | 1,600 | 2016 |
Paraguay | 1.10% | 27,850 | - | 2024 |
Portugal | 1.60% | 62,000 | - | 2024 |
Niger | 0.40% | 48,000 | 3,400 | 2016 |
Malaysia | 0.30% | 110,000 | 7,400 | 2024 |
Indonesia | 0.50% | 660,000 | 47,000 | 2024 |
Honduras | 0.40% | 21,000 | - | 2016 |
Cuba | 1.10% | 35,000 | - | 2024 |
Costa Rica | 0.40% | 13,000 | - | 2016 |
Colombia | 0.60% | 145,000 | 5,250 | 2024 |
Argentina | 0.65% | 150,000 | 3,100 | 2024 |
Belarus | 1.00% | 24,000 | - | 2016 |
Senegal | 2.30% | 54,000 | 5,100 | 2024 |
United States | 0.42% | 1,427,155 | - | 2024 [12] |
Bolivia | 0.40% | 24,000 | - | 2023 |
France | 0.90% | 231,791 | - | 2024 |
Mexico | 0.75% | 371,820 | 5,120 | 2024 |
Ecuador | 0.30% | 33,000 | - | 2016 |
Peru | 0.30% | 70,000 | 2,200 | 2016 |
Italy | 0.30% | 200,000 | - | 2024 |
Laos | 0.30% | 11,000 | - | 2016 |
Spain | 0.70% | 188,000 | - | 2024 |
Tajikistan | 0.30% | 14,000 | - | 2016 |
Vietnam | 0.70% | 271,000 | 5,200 | 2024 |
Armenia | 0.20% | 3,300 | - | 2016 |
India | 0.20% | 2,300,000 | 75,000 | 2024 [13] |
Kazakhstan | 0.40% | 52,000 | - | 2024 |
Kyrgyzstan | 0.20% | 8,500 | - | 2016 |
Lithuania | 0.45% | 11,000 | - | 2024 |
Madagascar | 0.20% | 31,000 | 1,600 | 2016 |
Nepal | 0.92% | 46,000 | 3,500 | 2024 |
Philippines | 0.25% | 80,000 | - | 2023 |
Germany | 0.25% | 100,000 | - | 2023 |
Canada | 0.21% | 75,000 | - | 2023 [14] |
Netherlands | 0.50% | 59,900 | - | 2024 |
Nicaragua | 0.20% | 8,900 | - | 2016 |
Sudan | 0.20% | 56,000 | 3,000 | 2016 |
Sweden | 0.20% | 11,000 | - | 2016 |
Switzerland | 0.20% | 17,000 | - | 2019 |
United Kingdom | 0.17% | 116,000 [15] | - | 2024 |
Bhutan | 0.16% | 1 265 [16] | - | 2018 |
Ireland | 0.55% | 18,000 | - | 2024 [17] |
Greenland | 0.13% | 70 | - | 2018 [18] |
Norway [19] | 0.45% | 19,050 | 305 | 2024 |
Denmark | 0.11% | 6,500 | - | 2018 [20] |
Albania | 0.10% | 1,700 | - | 2016 |
Australia | 0.10% | 28,880 | - | 2023 |
Fiji | 0.10% | 468 [21] [ unreliable source ] | - | 2019 |
Taiwan [22] | 0.10% | 31,620 | - | 2016 |
Azerbaijan | 0.10% | 9,200 | - | 2016 |
Morocco | - | - | - | 2016 |
Iran | 0.10% | 66,000 | 4,000 | 2016 |
Somalia | - | 436 [23] | - | 2023 |
Pakistan | 0.10% | 130,000 | 5,500 | 2016 |
Poland | 0.08% | 30,092 | 1,471 | 2022 |
Bangladesh | - | 12,000 | 1,000 | 2016 |
Egypt | - | 11,000 | - | 2016 |
Yemen | - | 9,900 | - | 2016 |
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan | - | 7,500 | - | 2016 |
Sri Lanka | - | 4,000 | - | 2016 |
Bulgaria | - | 3,500 | - | 2016 |
Tunisia | - | 2,900 | - | 2016 |
Serbia | 0.04% | 2,700 | - | 2016 |
Croatia | 0.14% | 2,700 | - | 2023 |
China | 0.09% | 1,250,000 | - | 2018 [24] |
Malta | 0.088% | 453 [25] | - | 2019 |
Lebanon | 0.063% | 3,750 [26] | - | 2016 |
Czech Republic | 0.051% [27] | 3,122 [28] | - | 2019 |
Montenegro | 0.12% | 401 | - | 2023 |
Algeria | 0.029% | 13,000 | - | 2016 |
Saudi Arabia | 0.024% | 8,200 | - | 2016 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.009% | 350 | - | 2018 |
Kosovo | 0.004% | 83 | - | 2013 [29] |
Turkmenistan | - | 720 | - | 2021 |
Grenada | - | 5 300 | - | 2023 |
Antigua and Barbuda | - | 84 | - | 2022 |
Turks and Caicos Islands | - | 1 000 | - | 2023 |
Samoa | - | 1 100 | - | 2023 |
Dominica | - | 240 | - | 2023 |
Iraq | 0.24% | 4 700 | - | 2021 |
United Arab Emirates | 0.20% | 23,000 | 10,000 | 2024 |
East Timor | - | 30 | - | 2022 |
Finland | 0.40% | 6,000 | 1,500 | 2021 |
Svalbard | - | 2 | - | 2023 |
Kiribati | - | 45 | - | 2023 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | - | 100 | - | 2023 |
Mauritius | 0.16% | 6,671 [30] | - | 2022 |
Singapore | 0.19% | 9,231 | - | 2021 |
Hong Kong | 0.16% | 11,737 | - | 2023 |
Palau | - | 310 | - | 2023 |
Tonga | - | 400 | - | 2023 |
Japan | 0.02% | 21,739 | - | 2022 |
Puerto Rico | - | 526 | - | 2023 |
Brunei Darussalam | - | 40 | - | 2024 |
Comoros | - | 188 | - | 2023 |
Niue | - | 35 | - | 2023 |
Seychelles | - | 86 | - | 2023 |
Kuwait | - | 400 | - | 2023 |
Iceland | - | 2,000 | - | 2022 |
Anguilla | - | 500 | - | 2024 |
French Polynesia | - | 290 | - | 2023 |
South Korea | 0.029% [31] | 15,196 [32] | - | 2023 |
New Zealand | - | 3,033 [33] | - | 2023 |
Austria | - | 3,000 | - | 2023 |
Cyprus | - | 1,200 | - | 2023 |
Tuvalu | 5.2% | 702 | - | 2022 |
Libya | 1.02% | 1,700 | - | 2024 |
Christmas Island | - | 13 | - | 2024 |
Hungary | 0.11% | 10,000 | - | 2023 |
Romania | - | 1,660 | - | 2024 |
Réunion | - | 118 | - | 2024 |
São Tomé and Príncipe | - | 15,600 | - | 2023 |
Uzbekistan | - | 244 | - | 2024 |
Slovakia | - | 2,000 | - | 2023 |
Belgium | - | 4,000 | - | 2024 |
Greece | - | 1,100 | - | 2024 |
Vanuatu | - | 325 | - | 2023 |
Mongolia | - | 2,500 | - | 2024 |
British Virgin Islands | - | 48 | - | 2024 |
American Samoa | - | 110 | - | 2023 |
Nauru | - | 270 | - | 2024 |
Marshall Islands | - | 19 | - | 2024 |
By region:
The global pandemic of HIV/AIDS began in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide public health issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2023, HIV/AIDS had killed approximately 40.4 million people, and approximately 39 million people were infected with HIV globally. Of these, 29.8 million people (75%) are receiving antiretroviral treatment. There were about 630,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2022. The 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that the global incidence of HIV infection peaked in 1997 at 3.3 million per year. Global incidence fell rapidly from 1997 to 2005, to about 2.6 million per year. Incidence of HIV has continued to fall, decreasing by 23% from 2010 to 2020, with progress dominated by decreases in Eastern Africa and Southern Africa. As of 2020, there are approximately 1.5 million new infections of HIV per year globally.
In 2008, 4.7 million people in Asia were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Asia's epidemic peaked in the mid-1990s, and annual HIV incidence has declined since then by more than half. Regionally, the epidemic has remained somewhat stable since 2000.
The Caribbean is the second-most affected region in the world in terms of HIV prevalence rates. Based on 2009 data, about 1.0 percent of the adult population is living with the disease, which is higher than any other region except Sub-Saharan Africa. Several factors influence this epidemic, including poverty, gender, sex tourism, and stigma. HIV incidence in the Caribbean declined 49% between 2001 and 2012. Different countries have employed a variety of responses to the disease, with a range of challenges and successes.
In Western Europe, the routes of transmission of HIV are diverse, including paid sex, sex between men, intravenous drugs, mother to child transmission, and heterosexual sex. However, many new infections in this region occur through contact with HIV-infected individuals from other regions. In some areas of Europe, such as the Baltic countries, the most common route of HIV transmission is through injecting drug use and heterosexual sex, including paid sex.
HIV/AIDS is one of the most serious health concerns in South Africa. The country has the highest number of people afflicted with HIV of any country, and the fourth-highest adult HIV prevalence rate, according to the 2019 United Nations statistics.
Angola has a large HIV/AIDS infected population, however, it has one of the lowest prevalence rates in the Southern Africa zone. The status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Angola is expected to change within the near future due to several forms of behavioral, cultural, and economic characteristics within the country such as lack of knowledge and education, low levels of condom use, the frequency of sex and number of sex partners, economic disparities and migration. There is a significant amount of work being done in Angola to combat the epidemic, but most aid is coming from outside of the country.
Like other countries worldwide, HIV/AIDS is present in Ghana. As of 2014, an estimated 150,000 people infected with the virus. HIV prevalence is at 1.37 percent in 2014 and is highest in the Eastern Region of Ghana and lowest in the northern regions of the country. In response to the epidemic, the government has established the Ghana AIDS Commission which coordinates efforts amongst NGO's, international organizations and other parties to support the education about and treatment of aids throughout Ghana and alleviating HIV/AIDS issues in Ghana.
HIV/AIDS in Lesotho constitutes a very serious threat to Basotho and to Lesotho's economic development. Since its initial detection in 1986, HIV/AIDS has spread at alarming rates in Lesotho. In 2000, King Letsie III declared HIV/AIDS a natural disaster. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2016, Lesotho's adult prevalence rate of 25% is the second highest in the world, following Eswatini.
Although Senegal is a relatively underdeveloped country, HIV prevalence in the general population is low at around 0.08 per 1000 people, under 1% of the population. This relatively low prevalence rate is aided by the fact that few people are infected every year – in 2016, 1100 new cases were reported vs 48,000 new cases in Brazil. Senegal's death due to HIV rate, particularly when compared it to its HIV prevalence rate, is relatively high with 1600 deaths in 2016. Almost two times as many women were infected with HIV as men in 2016, and while almost three times as many women were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ARV) as men, only 52% of HIV positive people in Senegal received ARV treatment in 2016.
UNAIDS has said that HIV/AIDS in Indonesia is one of Asia's fastest growing epidemics. In 2010, it is expected that 5 million Indonesians will have HIV/AIDS. In 2007, Indonesia was ranked 99th in the world by prevalence rate, but because of low understanding of the symptoms of the disease and high social stigma attached to it, only 5-10% of HIV/AIDS sufferers actually get diagnosed and treated. According to the a census conducted in 2019, it is counted that 640,443 people in the country are living with HIV. The adult prevalence for HIV/ AIDS in the country is 0.4%. Indonesia is the country in Southeast Asia to have the most number of recorded people living with HIV while Thailand has the highest adult prevalence.
The Philippines has one of the lowest rates of infection of HIV/AIDS, yet has one of the fastest growing number of cases worldwide. The Philippines is one of seven countries with growth in number of cases of over 25%, from 2001 to 2009.
The southeast-Asian nation of East Timor has dealt with HIV/AIDS since its first documented case in 2001. It has one of the lowest HIV/AIDS-prevalence rates in the world.
Since HIV/AIDS was first reported in Thailand in 1984, 1,115,415 adults had been infected as of 2008, with 585,830 having died since 1984. 532,522 Thais were living with HIV/AIDS in 2008. In 2009 the adult prevalence of HIV was 1.3%. As of 2016, Thailand had the highest prevalence of HIV in Southeast Asia at 1.1 percent, the 40th highest prevalence of 109 nations.
The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total web|url=http://www.avert.org/caribbean-hiv-aids-statistics.htm |title=Caribbean HIV & AIDS Statistics|date=21 July 2015}}</ref> with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013.
With less than 1 percent of the population estimated to be HIV-positive, Egypt is a low-HIV-prevalence country. However, between the years 2006 and 2011, HIV prevalence rates in Egypt increased tenfold. Until 2011, the average number of new cases of HIV in Egypt was 400 per year, but in 2012 and 2013, it increased to about 600 new cases, and in 2014, it reached 880 new cases per year. According to 2016 statistics from UNAIDS, there are about 11,000 people currently living with HIV in Egypt. The Ministry of Health and Population reported in 2020 over 13,000 Egyptians are living with HIV/AIDS. However, unsafe behaviors among most-at-risk populations and limited condom usage among the general population place Egypt at risk of a broader epidemic.
With 1.28 percent of the adult population estimated by UNAIDS to be HIV-positive in 2006, Papua New Guinea has one of the most serious HIV/AIDS epidemics in the Asia-Pacific subregion. Although this new prevalence rate is significantly lower than the 2005 UNAIDS estimate of 1.8 percent, it is considered to reflect improvements in surveillance rather than a shrinking epidemic. Papua New Guinea accounts for 70 percent of the subregion's HIV cases and is the fourth country after Thailand, Cambodia, and Burma to be classified as having a generalized HIV epidemic.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ukraine is one of the fastest-growing epidemics in the world. Ukraine has one of the highest rates of increase of HIV/AIDS cases in Eastern Europe and highest HIV prevalence outside Africa. Experts estimated in August 2010 that 1.3 percent of the adult population of Ukraine was infected with HIV, the highest in all of Europe. Late 2011 Ukraine numbered 360,000 HIV-positive persons. Between 1987 and late 2012 27,800 Ukrainians died of AIDS. In 2012 tests revealed 57 new cases of HIV positive Ukrainians each day and 11 daily AIDS-related deaths.
The Health Sector in Eswatini is deteriorating and four years into the United Nations sustainable development goals, Eswatini seems unlikely to achieve the goal on good health. As a result of 63% poverty prevalence, 27% HIV prevalence, and poor health systems, maternal mortality rate is at a high of 389/100,000 live births, and under 5 mortality rate is at 70.4/1000 live births resulting in a life expectancy that remains amongst the lowest in the world. Despite significant international aid, the government fails to adequately fund the health sector. Nurses are now and again engaged in demonstrations over poor working conditions, drug shortages, all of which impairs quality health delivery. Despite tuberculosis and AIDS being major causes of death, diabetes and other non-communicable diseases are on the rise. Primary health care is relatively free in Eswatini save for its poor quality to meet the needs of the people. Road traffic accidents have increased over the years and they form a significant share of deaths in the country.
Sudan is bordered by seven countries in which HIV/AIDS is highly prevalent, therefore Sudan is susceptible to an increase in HIV/AIDS prevalence. In 1986, the first case of HIV and AIDS in Sudan was reported. Sudan's HIV epidemiological situation is currently classified as a low epidemic, as of July 2011.
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.