Hempstead, New York

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Hempstead, New York
Town of Hempstead
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Flag of the Town of Hempstead, New York.svg
Nickname: 
ToH
Nassau County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Hempstead highlighted.svg
Location of Hempstead in Nassau County (right), and location of Nassau County in the State of New York (left)
Hempstead, New York
Hempstead, New York
Hempstead, New York
Coordinates: 40°42′17″N73°37′02″W / 40.70472°N 73.61722°W / 40.70472; -73.61722
Country Flag of the United States.svg  United States
State Flag of New York.svg  New York
County Nassau
First settled1644;380 years ago (1644)
Town Seat Hempstead
Government
  Type Town council
   Town supervisor Donald X. Clavin, Jr. (R)
   Town council
Members
Area
[1]
  Total191.77 sq mi (496.68 km2)
  Land118.68 sq mi (307.39 km2)
  Water73.08 sq mi (189.29 km2)  38.11%
Population
 (2020) [2]
  Total793,409
  Rank2nd in New York
  Density6,685/sq mi (2,581/km2)
Time zone UTC-5 (EST)
  Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
11550 [3]
Area codes 516, 363
FIPS code 36-059-34000
Website hempsteadny.gov

The Town of Hempstead is the largest of the three towns in Nassau County (alongside North Hempstead and Oyster Bay) on Long Island, in New York, United States. The town's combined population was 793,409 at the 2020 census, which is the majority of Nassau County's population. It's the largest populated town in the United States.

Contents

It occupies the southwestern part of the county, on the western half of Long Island. Twenty-two incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town.

If Hempstead were to be incorporated as a city, it would be the second-largest in New York, behind New York City; it is about three times the size of Buffalo, which has long been the state's second-largest city. It would be the 18th-largest city in the country, behind San Francisco, California, and ahead of Seattle, Washington. Hempstead is thus the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside New York City.

Hofstra University's campus is located in Hempstead.

History

The town was first settled around 1644 following the establishment of a treaty between English colonists, John Carman and Robert Fordham, and the Lenape Indians in 1643. Although the settlers were from the new English colony of New Haven (1638), later incorporated into, Connecticut in 1662, a patent was issued by the government of New Netherland after the settlers had purchased land from the local natives. This transaction is depicted in a mural in the Hempstead Village Hall, reproduced from a poster commemorating the 300th anniversary of Hempstead Village.

In local Dutch-language documents of the 1640s and later, the town was invariably called Heemstede, [4] and several of Hempstead's original 50 patentees were Dutch, suggesting that Hempstead was named after the Dutch town and/or castle of the same name, both of which are located near the cities of Haarlem and Amsterdam. However, the authorities possibly had Dutchified a name given by co-founder John Carman, who was born in 1606 in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England, on land owned by his ancestors since the 13th century. [5]

In 1664, the settlement under the new Province of New York adopted the Duke's Laws, austere statutes that became the basis upon which the laws of many colonies were to be founded. For a time, Hempstead became known as "Old Blue", as a result of the "Blue Laws". [5]

During the American Revolution, the Loyalists in the south and the American sympathizers in the north caused a split in 1784 into "North Hempstead" and "South Hempstead". South Hempstead was renamed to Hempstead in 1796. [6]

Richard Hewlett, who was born in Hempstead, served as a Lieutenant Colonel with the British Army under General Oliver De Lancey in the American Revolution. Afterward, Hewlett departed the United States with other Loyalists and settled in the newly created Province of New Brunswick in what later became Canada. A settlement there was named Hampstead, in Queen's County next to Long Island in the Saint John River.

With the 1898 incorporation of the Borough of Queens as part of the city of New York, and the 1899 split of Queens County to create Nassau County, some southwestern portions of the Town of Hempstead seceded from the town and became part of the Borough of Queens.

In 2024, Hempstead sued New York City for implementing congestion pricing in the most congested and polluted parts of Manhattan. Hempstead Town Supervisor Don Clavin argued that the congestion pricing was an unfair burden on suburban commuters into Manhattan. [7] [8]

Geography

The water tower at Jones Beach State Park centered over the Wantagh Parkway Jones Beach WantaghPkwy Approach.jpg
The water tower at Jones Beach State Park centered over the Wantagh Parkway

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 191.3 square miles (495.5 km2), of which 120.0 square miles (310.7 km2) is land and 71.4 square miles (184.8 km2) (37.30%) is water.

The western town line is the border of Queens County in New York City. Its northern border, with the town of North Hempstead and the town of Oyster Bay, is along the main line of the Long Island Rail Road and along Old Country Road in Garden City heading east towards the Wantagh Parkway. Its eastern border, also with the town of Oyster Bay, runs parallel to (and several hundred feet west of) Route 107. To the south is the Atlantic Ocean, off of Atlantic Beach, Lido Beach, Point Lookout, and Jones Beach, as well as the city of Long Beach.

The most popular beach on the east coast of the United States, Jones Beach State Park, is located in Hempstead. The beach is a popular destination for Long Islanders and residents of New York. The beach itself receives approximately six million visitors per year.

Communities

The town of Hempstead contains 22 villages and 38 hamlets: [9] [10]

Villages

Hamlets

In addition, there are a few areas that are not part of any incorporated village or census-designated place:

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1790 3,828
1800 4,1418.2%
1810 5,08422.8%
1830 6,215
1840 7,60922.4%
1850 8,81115.8%
1860 12,37640.5%
1870 13,99913.1%
1880 18,16429.8%
1890 23,75630.8%
1900 27,06613.9%
1910 44,29763.7%
1920 70,79059.8%
1930 186,735163.8%
1940 259,31838.9%
1950 432,50666.8%
1960 740,73871.3%
1970 801,5928.2%
1980 738,517−7.9%
1990 725,639−1.7%
2000 755,9244.2%
2010 759,7570.5%
2020 793,4094.4%
U.S. Decennial Census [11]

The 2019 American Community Survey determined the population of the town of Hempstead was 759,793. [12] The racial and ethnic makeup of the town was 54.0% non-Hispanic white, 17.4% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 6.2% Asian, 3.7% multiracial, and 20.9% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.

Of the population, there were 244,203 households and there was an owner-occupied housing rate of 80.8%. The average household size was 3.10 and the population was made of 22.7% foreign-born residents. In 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $455,700 and the median gross rent of rented units at $1,678. Residents of the town had a combined median household income of $111,072 and per capita of $44,958. Of the population in 2019, 6.0% lived at or below the poverty line.

As of the census [13] of 2010, there were 759,757 people, 246,828 households, and 193,513 families residing in the town. The population density was 6,301.3 inhabitants per square mile (2,432.9/km2). There were 252,286 housing units at an average density of 2,103.0 per square mile (812.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 59.9% White, 16.5% Black, 0.3% Native American, 5.2% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 4.5% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latin Americans of any race were 17.4% of the population.

There were 246,828 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.41.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $84,362, and the median income for a family was $96,080. Males had a median income of $50,818 versus $36,334 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,153. About 4.0% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Lufthansa United States had its headquarters in East Meadow, [14] [15] [16] beginning in the 1970s, after it moved from Park Avenue in Manhattan, in order to save money. In 2019, the office had 206 employees; that year the headquarters moved to Uniondale. [17]

At one time Swiss International Air Lines operated its United States office at 776 RexCorp Plaza in the EAB Plaza in Uniondale. The airline moved from 41 Pinelawn Road in Melville, Suffolk County around 2002. [18] [19]

Snapple was previously headquartered in East Meadow, [20] prior to moving their corporate office. The office space is now currently occupied by the Epilepsy Foundation of Long Island. [21]

Government

Hempstead Town Hall New Hempstead Town Hall; Front Door Sign.jpg
Hempstead Town Hall

Town government

As of 2023, the Town of Hempstead is headed by Donald X. Clavin, Jr. (R–Garden City). The responsibilities of the office include presiding over meetings of the Town Council and directing the legislative and administrative function of that body. The position also entails creating and implementing the town's budget. One famous former supervisor was Republican Alfonse D'Amato, who later represented New York in the United States Senate from 1981 to 1999.

Town of Hempstead Supervisors
NamePartyTerm
Position Established1993
Gregory Peterson Republican 1993–1998 (Resigned)
Richard Guardino Republican 1998–2003 (Resigned)
Kate Murray Republican 2003–2015
Anthony Santino Republican 2016–2017
Laura Gillen Democratic 2018–2019
Donald X. Clavin Republican 2020–present

Prior to 1994, the town also had a Presiding Supervisor, who along with the Supervisor, sat on what was then Nassau County's main governmental body, the Board of Supervisors, along with the Supervisors of the towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay and the independent cities of Long Beach—formerly a part of Hempstead Town until its incorporation as a separate municipality in 1922—and Glen Cove, which had been carved out of Oyster Bay Town in 1917. Typically, the Presiding Supervisor, besides chairing the weekly county Board of Supervisors meetings, acted as the senior official in the town government with the Supervisor in a more junior, subordinate role; a number of Supervisors moved up to Presiding Supervisor whenever that office became vacant, including, in succession during the 1970s, Ralph G. Caso and Francis T. Purcell, both of whom later went on to become the county executive, and then Al D'Amato, before he moved up to the Senate. Having the Presiding Supervisor on the county board along with the Supervisor gave Hempstead—by far the most populous of the county's three towns and two cities—the most clout on that body. However, in 1993–94, a federal judge ruled that the board's makeup violated the one-person, one-vote constitutional principle and also gave no representation to the country's growing minority population. [22] As a result of that ruling, the Board of Supervisors was replaced by a 19-member county legislature. Gregory P. Peterson served as the last Presiding Supervisor, as the position was abolished with the demise of the county board. The Current Tax Collector is Jeanine Driscoll.

Hempstead Town Council

The Hempstead Town Council comprises six voting members, elected from a councilmanic district. Their primary function is to adopt the annual budget, adopting and amending the town code and the building zone ordinances, adopting all traffic regulations, and hearing applications for changes of zone and special exceptions to zoning codes.

As of 2023, the council members are: [23]

  1. Dorothy L. Goosby (D–Hempstead)
  2. Thomas E. Muscarella (R–Garden City)
  3. Melissa Miller (R–Atlantic Beach)
  4. Laura A. Ryder (R–Lynbrook)
  5. Chris Carini (R–Seaford)
  6. Dennis Dunne, Sr. (R–Levittown)

Other elected town officials

Other elected officials in the town include the clerk and the receiver of taxes. The clerk is responsible for issuing birth, marriage, and death certificates and is considered the town's record keeper. The clerk is currently Kate Murray (R). The Receiver of Taxes is Jeanine C. Driscoll (R). [24] The Town of Hempstead formerly elected the offices of Constable, Overseer of the Poor, Town Assessor, Town Treasurer, Town Auditors, Superintendent of Highways, Overseer of the Public Cemetery, and Justices of the Peace. Most of these functions have been included in other governments or made non-elected.

State and federal representation

Hempstead is part of New York's 2nd and 4th Congressional Districts. CD-2, represented by Andrew Garbarino (R-Sayville), is the southern and eastern portions of the town, while CD-4 covers the town's southwest corner, and has been represented since 2023 by Anthony D'Esposito (R-Island Park).

Hempstead is in parts of New York's 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Senatorial Districts. They are currently represented by Kevin Thomas (D), Jack Martins (R), Steven Rhoads (R), and Patricia Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick (R), respectively.

Nine assembly districts are either within or partly within the town. They are Districts 12, 14–15, and 17–22. The assembly members are Joseph Saladino  (R), Brian F. Curran  (R), Michael Montesano  (R), Thomas McKevitt  (R), Taylor Darling  (D), David G. McDonough (R), Melissa "Missy" Miller;(R), Edward Ra  (R), and Michaelle Solages  (D), respectively.

County legislators

Hempstead has 12 county legislative districts either fully or partly within the town. They are districts 1–8, 13–15, and 19. The legislators who currently represent those districts are:

  1. Kevan Abrahams
  2. Siela Bynoe
  3. Carrie Solages
  4. Denise Ford
  5. Debra Mule
  6. C. William Gaylor, III
  7. Howard Kopel
  8. Vincent Muscarella
  9. Thomas McKevitt
  10. Laura Schaefer
  11. John Ferretti, Jr.
  12. Steven D. Rhoads [25]

Sister city

On September 12, 2016, the Town of Hempstead signed a Declaration of Cooperation with the Shomron Regional Council in the Israeli-controlled West Bank. This council represents 35 Israeli settlements in that region. Signing the pact was its proponent Councilmen Bruce Blakeman and Anthony D'Esposito and Supervisor Santino and Shomron leader Yossi Dagan. [26] [27]

Transportation

Railroad lines

The Long Island Rail Road's Main Line runs through the northwestern part of the town with stations from Bellerose through Merillon Avenue in Garden City. The Hempstead Branch breaks away from the Main Line in Floral Park, and uses stations from Bellerose into Hempstead. The West Hempstead Branch runs from Valley Stream northeast to West Hempstead. Further south in the town, the Babylon Branch runs from the New York City Line into southern portions of the Town of Oyster Bay with stations between Valley Stream and Seaford. Also the Far Rockaway Branch branches off from Valley Stream and curves to the southwest from that station through Inwood before finally re-entering the city in the Rockaways. Just east of there, the Long Beach Branch breaks away at Lynbrook and runs southeast into Long Beach.

Bus service

The Town of Hempstead is served primarily by Nassau Inter-County Express bus routes, though some MTA bus routes enter Nassau County from Queens. [28] The City of Long Beach has a separate bus service.

Major roads

State parks

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nassau County, New York</span> County in New York, United States

Nassau County is a suburban county located on Long Island, immediately to the east of New York City, bordering the Long Island Sound on the north and the open Atlantic Ocean to the south. As of the 2020 United States census, Nassau County's population was 1,395,774, making it the sixth-most populous county in the State of New York, and reflecting an increase of 56,242 (+4.2%) from the 1,339,532 residents enumerated at the 2010 census. Its county seat is Mineola, while the county's largest and most populous town is Hempstead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hewlett Harbor, New York</span> Village in New York, United States

Hewlett Harbor is a village in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 1,290 at the time of the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lynbrook, New York</span> Village in New York, United States

Lynbrook is a village in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 20,438 at the time of the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Hempstead, New York</span> Town in New York, United States

North Hempstead is one of three towns in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 237,639 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the 7th largest city or town in New York by population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wantagh, New York</span> Hamlet and census-designated place in New York, United States

Wantagh is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 18,613 at the time of the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jones Beach Island</span>

Jones Beach Island is one of the outer barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island in the U.S. state of New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meadowbrook State Parkway</span> Highway in Nassau County, New York

The Meadowbrook State Parkway is a 12.52-mile (20.15 km) controlled-access parkway in Nassau County, New York, in the United States. Its southern terminus is at a full cloverleaf interchange with the Bay and Ocean parkways in Jones Beach State Park. The parkway heads north, crossing South Oyster Bay and intersecting Loop Parkway before crossing onto the mainland and connecting to the Southern State Parkway in North Merrick. It continues north to the hamlet of Carle Place, where the Meadowbrook Parkway ends at exit 31A of the Northern State Parkway. The Meadowbrook Parkway is designated New York State Route 908E (NY 908E), an unsigned reference route. Most of the road is limited to non-commercial traffic, like most parkways in the state of New York; however, the portion south of Merrick Road is open to commercial traffic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wantagh State Parkway</span> Highway in Nassau County, New York

The Wantagh State Parkway is a 13.33-mile (21 km) controlled-access parkway on Long Island, New York, in the United States. It links the Ocean Parkway in Jones Beach State Park with the Northern State Parkway in Westbury. The parkway is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) east of Manhattan and 14 miles (23 km) east of the Nassau–Queens border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern State Parkway</span> Limited-access highway in Long Island, NY

The Southern State Parkway is a 25.53-mile (41.09 km) controlled-access parkway on Long Island, New York, in the United States. The parkway begins at an interchange with the Belt and Cross Island parkways in Elmont, in Nassau County, and travels east to an interchange with the Sagtikos State Parkway in West Islip, Suffolk County, where it becomes the Heckscher State Parkway. The Southern State Parkway comprises the western portion of unsigned New York State Route 908M (NY 908M), with the Heckscher Parkway occupying the eastern section.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocean Parkway (Long Island)</span> Highway in New York

The Ocean Parkway is a 15.59-mile (25.09 km) limited-access parkway that traverses Jones Beach Island between Jones Beach State Park and Captree State Park on Long Island, New York, United States. It begins at the southern terminus of the Meadowbrook State Parkway and heads east across Jones Beach Island, intersecting the south end of the Wantagh State Parkway before ending just past the Robert Moses Causeway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York State Route 105</span> State highway in Nassau County, New York, US

New York State Route 105 (NY 105) is a 3.41-mile (5.49 km) state highway located within Nassau County, New York, in the United States. It begins in the town of Hempstead at an intersection with NY 106 in North Bellmore that also serves as that route's southern terminus. From here, it runs east through North Wantagh to an interchange with NY 135 and through northern Seaford, before crossing into the town of Oyster Bay and ending at a junction with NY 107 in Massapequa. Jerusalem Avenue continues west past the route's western terminus as a county-maintained road to Hempstead and east as a town road to Massapequa Preserve. NY 105 was assigned in the early 1930s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York State Route 24</span> Highway in New York

New York State Route 24 (NY 24) is a 30.84-mile-long (49.63 km) east–west state highway on Long Island in the U.S. state of New York. The highway is split into two segments, with the longer and westernmost of the two extending 18.68 miles (30.06 km) from an interchange with Interstate 295 and NY 25 in the Queens Village section of the New York City borough of Queens to an intersection with NY 110 in East Farmingdale in the Suffolk County town of Babylon. The shorter eastern section, located in eastern Suffolk County, extends 12.16 miles (19.57 km) from an interchange with I-495 in Calverton to an intersection with County Route 80 (CR 80) in Hampton Bays.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outer Barrier</span> String of barrier islands dividing Long Island from the Atlantic Ocean

The Outer Barrier, also known as the Long Island and New York City barrier islands, refers to the string of barrier islands that divide the lagoons south of Long Island, New York from the Atlantic Ocean. These islands include Long Beach Barrier Island, Barnum Island, Jones Beach Island, Fire Island and Westhampton Island. The outer barrier extends 75 miles (121 km) along the South Shore of Long Island, from the Rockaway Peninsula in New York City to the east end of Shinnecock Bay in Suffolk County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oyster Bay, New York</span> Town in New York, United States

The Town of Oyster Bay is the easternmost of the three towns that make up Nassau County, New York, United States. Part of the New York metropolitan area, it is the only town in Nassau County to extend from the North Shore to the South Shore of Long Island. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 301,332, making it the 5th most populous city or town in the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York State Route 135</span> State highway in Nassau County, New York, US

New York State Route 135 (NY 135) is a 10.8-mile (17.4 km) freeway in eastern Nassau County, New York, in the United States. The route connects Seaford with Syosset. The highway runs from Merrick Road in Seaford to NY 25 in Syosset. In between, NY 135 passes through Bethpage and Plainview and serves Bethpage State Park. The highway is ceremoniously designated as the Ralph J. Marino Expressway; however, it is more commonly known as the Seaford–Oyster Bay Expressway.

Peninsula Boulevard is a major, 9.1-mile-long (14.6 km) boulevard through southwestern Nassau County, on Long Island, New York. It runs southwest-to-northeast between Cedarhurst connecting the Five Towns area to the Village of Hempstead – in addition to indirectly serving The Rockaways in Queens.

Section 8 of the New York State Public High School Activities Association (NYSPHSAA) is a governing body for high school sports in Nassau County, New York. It is also known as Nassau County Public High School Athletic Association.

The Mill River is a river in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States.

References

  1. "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  2. "Hempstead town, Nassau County, New York Demographics and Housing 2020 Decennial Census".
  3. "Hempstead ZIP Code". zipdatamaps.com. 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  4. J.A. Jacobs, The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth Century America, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pages 87, 268, 273-4
  5. 1 2 "History of The Village of Hempstead". The Incorporated Village of Hempstead. 2006. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
  6. Christopher T., Baer (May 2015). "A general chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company" (PDF). p. 120. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  7. Bisram, Jennifer (May 2, 2024). "NYC congestion pricing target of Long Island lawsuit. Here's why the new tolls may be illegal. - CBS New York". www.cbsnews.com.
  8. "Hempstead files federal lawsuit to stop MTA's congestion pricing program". Newsday. May 2, 2024.
  9. "Town of Hempstead Map" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2017.
  10. Winsche, Richard (October 1, 1999). The History of Nassau County Community Place-Names. Interlaken, New York: Empire State Books. pp. 69–70. ISBN   978-1557871541.
  11. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  12. "2019 U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Hempstead town, Nassau County, New York". www.census.gov. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
  13. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. "Contact us". SWISS USA. Retrieved on January 29, 2011. "1640 Hempstead Turnpike East Meadow, NY"
  15. "Ticket copy request." Lufthansa. Retrieved on January 29, 2011. "1640 Hempstead Turnpike East Meadow, NY 11554."
  16. "East Meadow CDP, New York [ permanent dead link ]." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on January 29, 2011.
  17. Madore, James T. (March 5, 2019). "Lufthansa moves Americas headquarters, seeks tax breaks". Newsday . Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  18. "Contact Us SWISS USA." Swiss International Air Lines . Retrieved on January 20, 2009.
  19. Anastasi, Nick. "SwissAir USA HQ heads to market.(Swiss International Airlines moves to Uniondale)." Long Island Business News . June 7, 2002. Retrieved on January 25, 2009.
  20. "Snapple history." Snapple Beverage Corporation History. Retrieved on September 24, 2012.
  21. "Epilepsy Foundation to revamp former Snapple HQ". Long Island Business News . Retrieved on September 24, 2012.
  22. McQuiston, John T. (June 9, 1994). "Judge Says He Will Create a Nassau Legislature on His Own if Supervisors Fail to Act". The New York Times.
  23. "Town Council Members" . Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  24. "Jeanine C Driscoll – Receiver of Taxes – Town of Hempstead". Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  25. "County Legislature | Nassau County, NY – Official Website". www.nassaucountyny.gov. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  26. Colapietro, Diana "Town creates 'sister' relationship with Israeli region. Hempstead officials reaffirm their anti-BDS stance and support for the Jewish state", LI Herald September 14, 2016
  27. "In anti-BDS stand, Hempstead New York signs sister city pact with settler council", Jerusalem Post
  28. "NASSAU INTER-COUNTY EXPRESS System Map" (PDF). Nassau Inter-County Express, Transdev. July 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2019.