Porter County, Indiana

Last updated

Porter County
County
Porter County Courthouse.jpg
Porter County Courthouse in Valparaiso
Porter County, Indiana.gif
Flag
Motto: 
"Front Porch of the Dunes"
Porter County.png
Location in the state of Indiana
Map of USA IN.svg
Indiana's location in the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°51′N87°07′W / 41.850°N 87.117°W / 41.850; -87.117
CountryFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States
State Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana
Region Northwest Indiana
Metro area Chicago Metropolitan
Established1836
Named for David Porter
County seat Valparaiso
Largest city Portage (population and area)
Incorporated
municipalities
11 cities and towns
Government
 • Type County
Area
 •  County
521.8 sq mi (1,351 km2)
 • Land418.2 sq mi (1,083 km2)
 • Water103.6 sq mi (268 km2)
 • Metro
10,874 sq mi (28,160 km2)
 • Rank 29th largest county in Indiana
 • Region2,726 sq mi (7,060 km2)
Elevation
[1] (mean)
843 ft (257 m)
Highest elevation
[2] – NE Jackson Twp
870 ft (270 m)
Lowest elevation
[3] – at Lake Michigan
585 ft (178 m)
Population
 (2020)
 •  County
173,215
 • Estimate 
(2023)
173,335 Increase2.svg
 • Rank 9th largest county in Indiana
374th largest county in U.S. [4]
 • Density330/sq mi (130/km2)
 •  Metro
9,522,434
 • Region
819,537
Time zone UTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−5 (Central)
ZIP Codes
46301-02, 46304, 46307-08, 46341-42, 46347, 46360, 46368, 46383-85, 46391, 46393
Area code 219
Congressional district 1st
Indiana Senate districts4th, 5th and 6th
Indiana House of Representatives districts3rd, 4th, 10th, 19th and 20th
FIPS code 18-127
GNIS feature ID0450382
Interstates I-80.svg Indiana Toll Road logo 1968.svg I-90.svg I-94.svg
U.S. Routes US 6.svg US 12.svg US 20.svg US 30.svg US 231.svg
State Routes Indiana 2.svg Indiana 8.svg Indiana 49.svg Indiana 130.svg Indiana 149.svg Indiana 249.svg Indiana 520.svg
Airport Porter County Regional
Waterways East Arm Little Calumet River
Kankakee River
Lake Michigan
Little Calumet River
Port of Indiana-Burns Harbor
Salt Creek
South Shore Line stations Beverly Shores – Dune Park Portage/Ogden Dunes
Public transit V-Line
Website www.porterco.org
  • Indiana county number 64

Porter County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 173,215, making it the 10th most populous county in Indiana. [5] The county seat is Valparaiso. [6] The county is part of Northwest Indiana, as well as the Chicago metropolitan area. Porter County is the site of much of the Indiana Dunes, an area of ecological significance. [7] [8] [9] The Hour Glass Museum in Ogden Dunes documents the region's ecological significance. [10]

Contents

History

The Porter County area was occupied by an Algonquian people dubbed Huber-Berrien. [11] This subsistence culture arrived after the glaciers retreated around 15,000 years ago and the rise of glacial Lake Algonquian, 4–8,000 years ago. [12] The native people of this area were next recorded during the Iroquois Wars (1641–1701) as being Potawatomi and Miami. The trading post system used by the French and then the English encouraged native people to live in central villages along major waterways. Therefore, there are no recorded villages within Porter County's current boundaries. It was not until 1830 when Chiqua's town and Tassinong appear on maps and in records. [11] Chiqua's town is a mile east of Valparaiso on State Route 2, the old Sauk Trail. Tassinong is south of Valparaiso about 5 miles (8.0 km) on State Route 49 at Baum's Bridge Road, the main route across the Great Kankakee Marsh. [13]

After the American Revolutionary War established US sovereignty over the territory of the upper midwest, the new federal government defined the Northwest Territory in 1787 which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the governor of the territory, and Vincennes was established as the capital. After the Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography. By December 1816 the Indiana Territory was admitted to the Union as a state.

The Indiana State Legislature passed an omnibus county bill [14] on February 7, 1835, that authorized the creation of thirteen counties in northeast Indiana, including Porter. [15] In 1837 the county was organized. It was named for Capt. David Porter, naval officer during the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812. [16] [17]

In 1962, Bethlehem Steel built a large integrated steel mill on the shores of Lake Michigan, which is now owned and operated by Cleveland-Cliffs. The construction of the mill, as well as the neighboring Port of Indiana, generated enormous controversy between industrial interests and locals who wanted to conserve the natural shoreline and habitat. Although the activists lost and the steel mill and port were constructed, the US Congress created the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in 1966 to protect the area's unique natural habitat. [18]

Geography

Porter County lies on the northern edge of Indiana; its north border is formed by Lake Michigan and its south border is formed by the westward-flowing Kankakee River Its once-tree-covered low rolling hills have been cleared and devoted to agriculture; the only exceptions in Porter County are the drainages carved into the terrain, which are brush-filled. The East Arm Little Calumet River flows westward through the upper portion of Porter County. [19] The highest point, at 870 feet (270 m), [20] is a small hill on the county's east border, 2.75 miles (4.4 km) NW of Westville. The lowest point, at approximately 585 feet (178 m), is along the Lake Michigan shoreline (exact elevation varies due to variation in lake level). According to the 2010 census, the county has an area of 521.78 square miles (1,351.4 km2), of which 418.15 square miles (1,083.0 km2) (or 80.14%) is land and 103.63 square miles (268.4 km2) (or 19.9%) is water, [21] most of it in Lake Michigan.

Adjacent counties

Protected areas

Major highways

Amtrak's Wolverine passing through Porter, Indiana Amtrak Porter Indiana.JPG
Amtrak's Wolverine passing through Porter, Indiana

Railroads

Municipalities

Franklin Street, east side of the Courthouse Square, Valparaiso Franklin east of Courthouse(CLight).jpg
Franklin Street, east side of the Courthouse Square, Valparaiso
Calumet Avenue downtown Chesterton Main Street Bldg Chesterton IN 2012.jpg
Calumet Avenue downtown Chesterton

The municipalities in Porter County and their populations as of the 2010 Census:

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Townships

The 12 townships of Porter County:

Education

Valparaiso University Chapel VU Chapel(CLight).jpg
Valparaiso University Chapel

Colleges and Universities

Public School Districts

Public schools in Porter County are administered by several districts, most of which cover areas that roughly follow the county's township boundaries: [22]

High Schools and Middle Schools

Elementary Schools

  • Aylesworth Elementary School
  • Bailly Elementary School
  • Boone Grove Elementary School
  • Brummitt Elementary School
  • Central Elementary School (Portage)
  • Central Elementary School (Valparaiso)
  • Cooks Corners Elementary School
  • Crisman Elementary School
  • Flint Lake Elementary School
  • Hayes Leonard Elementary School
  • Hebron Elementary School
  • Jackson Elementary School
  • John Simatovich Elementary School
  • Jones Elementary School
  • Kouts Elementary School
  • Kyle Elementary School
  • Liberty Elementary School
  • Liberty Intermediate School
  • Memorial Elementary School
  • Morgan Elementary School
  • Myers Elementary School
  • Northview Elementary School
  • Parkview Elementary School
  • Paul Saylor Elementary School
  • Pine Elementary School
  • Porter Lakes Elementary School
  • South Haven Elementary School
  • Thomas Jefferson Elementary School
  • Union Center Elementary School
  • Washington Township Elementary School
  • Westchester Intermediate School
  • Yost Elementary School

Public libraries

The county is served by two public library systems:

Hospitals

Climate and weather

Valparaiso, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
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Source: The Weather Channel [26]
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In recent years, average temperatures in Valparaiso have ranged from a low of 15 °F (−9 °C) in January to a high of 83 °F (28 °C) in July, although a record low of −25 °F (−32 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1934. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.82 inches (46 mm) in February to 4.66 inches (118 mm) in June. [26]

Government

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana and the Indiana Code.

County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes and service taxes. [27] [28]

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide, to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue and manage the county government. [27] [28]

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that handles civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court. [28]

County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. These officials are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county. [28]

Porter County is part of Indiana's 1st congressional district. In state government, Porter County is in Indiana Senate districts 4th, 5th and 6th; in Indiana House of Representatives districts 3rd, 4th, 10th, 19th and 20th.

For most of its history, Porter County was a Republican Party stronghold in presidential elections. It has become a swing county in recent years, voting for the national winner in every presidential election since 1980 except for 1992 and 2020.

United States presidential election results for Porter County, Indiana [29]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
2024 46,10854.27%37,21243.80%1,6421.93%
2020 45,00851.87%39,74645.81%2,0142.32%
2016 38,83249.62%33,67643.03%5,7457.34%
2012 34,40646.94%37,25250.82%1,6452.24%
2008 33,85745.60%39,17852.77%1,2111.63%
2004 34,79453.63%29,38845.30%6911.07%
2000 31,15752.47%26,79045.12%1,4312.41%
1996 22,93142.00%24,04444.04%7,62113.96%
1992 22,64439.68%21,02236.84%13,40123.48%
1988 29,79060.37%19,39039.29%1650.33%
1984 32,50564.14%17,86235.24%3150.62%
1980 30,05564.20%12,86927.49%3,8928.31%
1976 25,48959.75%16,46838.60%7011.64%
1972 26,87774.60%8,94324.82%2100.58%
1968 17,32853.18%8,91427.36%6,34019.46%
1964 14,48052.45%12,97547.00%1520.55%
1960 15,66659.18%10,73340.54%750.28%
1956 14,97072.71%5,57427.07%450.22%
1952 13,19468.75%5,90930.79%870.45%
1948 8,90762.21%5,16136.05%2501.75%
1944 8,56160.52%5,52839.08%570.40%
1940 8,27058.40%5,84041.24%510.36%
1936 6,27852.60%5,56046.58%980.82%
1932 5,63149.47%5,54248.69%2091.84%
1928 7,10770.44%2,92128.95%620.61%
1924 5,61367.76%1,64019.80%1,03112.45%
1920 5,57072.68%1,67121.80%4235.52%
1916 2,91359.22%1,87138.04%1352.74%
1912 1,51035.28%1,35231.59%1,41833.13%
1908 2,94059.88%1,78936.44%1813.69%
1904 3,16266.39%1,43730.17%1643.44%
1900 2,79759.49%1,84839.30%571.21%
1896 2,85358.06%2,02641.23%350.71%
1892 2,18749.73%1,93744.04%2746.23%
1888 2,42752.82%2,01843.92%1503.26%

County elected officials

Board of Commissioners: [30]
  • Jim Biggs (R, North District)
  • Barb Regnitz (R, Center District)
  • Laura Shurr Blaney (D, South District)

County Council: [31]

  • Mike Brickner, President (R, At-large)
  • Ronald "Red" Stone, Vice President (R, 1st)
  • Sylvia Graham (D, At Large)
  • Andy Bozak (R, At Large)
  • Andy Vasquez (R, 4th)
  • Jeremy Rivas (D, 2nd)
  • Greg Simms (D, 3rd)

Elected Officials:[ citation needed ]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1840 2,162—
1850 5,234142.1%
1860 10,31397.0%
1870 13,94235.2%
1880 17,22723.6%
1890 18,0524.8%
1900 19,1756.2%
1910 20,5407.1%
1920 20,256−1.4%
1930 22,82112.7%
1940 27,83622.0%
1950 40,07644.0%
1960 60,27950.4%
1970 87,11444.5%
1980 119,81637.5%
1990 128,9327.6%
2000 146,79813.9%
2010 164,34312.0%
2020 173,2155.4%
2023 (est.)175,335 [32] 1.2%
US Decennial Census [33]
1790-1960 [34] 1900-1990 [35]
1990-2000 [36] 2010-2019 [5]

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 164,343 people, 61,998 households, and 43,901 families in the county. [37] The population density was 393.0 inhabitants per square mile (151.7/km2). There were 66,179 housing units at an average density of 158.3 per square mile (61.1/km2). [21] The racial makeup of the county was 91.3% white, 3.0% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.3% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.5% of the population. [37] In terms of ancestry, 29.1% were German, 18.5% were Irish, 10.1% were Polish, 9.7% were English, 5.8% were Italian, and 5.6% were American. [38]

Of the 61,998 households, 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.2% were non-families, and 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age was 38.4 years. [37]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $73,065. Males had a median income of $59,542 versus $35,534 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,922. About 6.6% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over. [39]

Cemeteries

Maplewood Cemetery, next to Graceland in Valparaiso, has burials from the 1700s. The Bailly Cemetery was started in 1827. [43] Additional cemeteries were created as the population grew. Early cemeteries were often family owned or church related. As communities grew, community cemeteries developed. The newest cemetery in the county is Angel Crest Cemetery north of Valparaiso, near Indiana State Road 49.

Parks

Porter County has grown from a single park, Sunset Hill Farm County Park, to four, including: Calumet Trail, Dunn's Bridge County Park, and the newest, Brincka Cross Gardens. [44]

Cultural activities

Museums

Live Theater

See also

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ Other = Combined percentages for American Indian or Alaska Native; Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; other races; and two or more races
  2. 1 2 Population is 3,097 within Porter County; 3,936 reside in Lake County

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake County, Indiana</span> County in Indiana, United States

Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. In 2020, its population was 498,700, making it Indiana's second-most populous county. The county seat is Crown Point. The county is part of Northwest Indiana and the Chicago metropolitan area, and contains a mix of urban, suburban and rural areas. It is bordered on the north by Lake Michigan and contains a portion of the Indiana Dunes. It includes Marktown, Clayton Mark's planned worker community in East Chicago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burns Harbor, Indiana</span> Town in Indiana, United States

Burns Harbor is a town in Westchester Township, Porter County, Indiana, United States on the shores of Lake Michigan in Northwest Indiana. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. The population was 1,156 at the 2010 census. Burns Harbor is located adjacent to the Indiana Dunes, an area that conservationists have fought hard to preserve.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chesterton, Indiana</span> Town in Indiana, United States

Chesterton is a town in Westchester, Jackson and Liberty townships in Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 14,241 at the 2020 Census. The three towns of Chesterton, Burns Harbor, and Porter are known as the Duneland area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dune Acres, Indiana</span> Town in Indiana, United States

Dune Acres is a town in Westchester Township, Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 234 as of the 2020 census. Dune Acres is located in the duneland of the south shore of Lake Michigan. Many residents of Dune Acres and surrounding communities helped preserve parts of the Indiana Dunes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hebron, Indiana</span> Town in Indiana, United States

Hebron is a town in Boone Township, Porter County, Indiana, United States. The population was 3,755 as of the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kouts, Indiana</span> Town in Indiana, United States

Kouts is a town in Pleasant Township, Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,028 at the 2020 census. Since 2010, Kouts has had a population growth of 7.90 percent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana Dunes National Park</span> National park in Indiana, United States

Indiana Dunes National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Indiana managed by the National Park Service. It was authorized by Congress in 1966 as the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and was redesignated as the nation's 61st national park on February 15, 2019. The park runs for about 20 miles (32 km) along the southern shore of Lake Michigan and covers 15,349 acres (6,212 ha). Along the lakefront, the eastern area is roughly the lake shore south to U.S. 12 or U.S. 20 between Michigan City, Indiana, on the east and the Cleveland-Cliffs steel plant on the west. This area's conservation scheme is enhanced by the older Indiana Dunes State Park. To the west of the steel plant lies West Beach and a small extension south of the steel mill continues west along Salt Creek to Indiana 249. The western area is roughly the shoreline south to U.S. 12 between the Burns Ditch west to Broadway in downtown Gary, Indiana. In addition, there are several outlying areas, including Pinhook Bog, in LaPorte County to the east; the Heron Rookery in Porter County, the center of the park; and the Hoosier Prairie State Nature Preserve and the Hobart Prairie Grove, both in Lake County, the western end of the park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kankakee River</span> River in Indiana and Illinois, United States

The Kankakee River is a tributary of the Illinois River, approximately 133 miles (214 km) long, in the Central Corn Belt Plains of northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois in the United States. At one time, the river drained one of the largest wetlands in North America and furnished a significant portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. Significantly altered from its original channel, it flows through a primarily rural farming region of reclaimed cropland, south of Lake Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boone Grove, Indiana</span> Unincorporated town and Census-designated place in Indiana, United States

Boone Grove is an unincorporated town in Porter County, Indiana, southwest of the city of Valparaiso.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porter County Conference</span> American high school athletic conference

The Porter County Conference (PCC) is an athletic conference made up of eight Indiana high schools. Five of the eight schools are within Porter County, Indiana. The three remaining are in LaPorte County.

The Calumet Region is the geographic area drained by the Grand Calumet River and the Little Calumet River of northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana in the United States. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin, which eventually reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It is a sub-region of the greater Northwest Indiana region and the even larger Great Lakes region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northwest Indiana</span> Sub-region of Indiana, US

Northwest Indiana, nicknamed The Region after the Calumet Region, is an unofficial region of northern Indiana, United States that is located at the northwestern corner of the state. Though there is no official definition of the region, it is based on the Gary, Indiana Metropolitan Division, which comprises Jasper, Lake, Porter and Newton counties in Indiana, and the Michigan City-La Porte, IN Metropolitan Statistic Area, which comprises LaPorte, with unofficial definitions also including Starke and Pulaski counties. This region neighbors Lake Michigan and parts of it are in the Chicago metropolitan area. According to the 2020 Census, the largest definition of Northwest Indiana has a population of 866,965 and is the state's second largest urban area after the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. It is also the home of the Indiana Dunes, parts of which have been preserved through conservation efforts. The town of Ogden Dunes houses the Hour Glass, a museum showcasing the ecological and conservation efforts of O. D. Frank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boone Township, Porter County, Indiana</span> Township in Indiana, United States

Boone Township is one of twelve townships in Porter County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 6,160.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberty Township, Porter County, Indiana</span> Township in Indiana, United States

Liberty Township is one of twelve townships in Porter County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 9,319.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portage Township, Porter County, Indiana</span> Township in Indiana, United States

Portage Township is one of twelve townships in Porter County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 47,085. Portage Township was established in 1835.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westchester Township, Porter County, Indiana</span> Township in Indiana, United States

Westchester Township is one of twelve townships in Porter County, Indiana. It is included in the Calumet, Northwest Indiana, and Great Lakes regions. It is located on the southern shore of Lake Michigan, about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Chicago. It stretches from the famous Indiana Dunes on its northern border, south to the Valparaiso Moraine, a ridge of rolling hills left by the last glacier to pass through the area. As of the 2010 census, its population was 19,396.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portage, Indiana</span> City in Indiana, United States

Portage is a city in Portage Township, Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana, on the border with Lake County. The population was 37,926 as of the 2020 census. It is the largest city in Porter County, and third largest in Northwest Indiana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Porter County School Corporation</span> School district in Indiana

The East Porter County School Corporation is a school district in the northwest part of the U.S. State of Indiana that serves Pleasant Township, Morgan Township, and Washington Township. Kouts, located in Pleasant Township, is the only town in the district, though the district also includes parts of the city of Valparaiso that extend into Washington Township.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salt Creek (Little Calumet River tributary)</span> River in Indiana, United States

Salt Creek is a 24.0-mile-long (38.6 km) tributary of the East Arm Little Calumet River that begins south of Valparaiso in Porter County, Indiana and flows north until it joins the East Arm Little Calumet River just before it exits to Lake Michigan via the Port of Indiana-Burns Waterway.

References

  1. ↑ "Porter County". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ↑ Westville Quadrangle – Indiana – Porter Co (Map). 1:24,000. 7.5-Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 2013.
  3. ↑ Dune Acres Quadrangle – Indiana – Porter Co (Map). 1:24,000. 7.5-Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 2013.
  4. ↑ "USA Counties in Profile". STATS Indiana. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Porter County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
  6. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  7. ↑ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, "South Shore Journal - Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes". Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  8. ↑ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009)
  9. ↑ The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation. The South Shore Journal, 3. "South Shore Journal - the Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation". Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  10. ↑ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2007). The cultural impact of a museum in a small community: The Hour Glass of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, 2. "South Shore Journal - the Cultural Impact of a Museum in a Small Community: The Hour Glass in Ogden Dunes". Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
  11. 1 2 Tanner, Helen Hornbeck, Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History; University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma (1987) Map 5
  12. ↑ Hough, Jack L., Geology of the Great Lakes; University of Illinois Press, Urbana (1958) p. 276
  13. ↑ Shults-Gay, Deborah H., One of the Earliest Authentic Histories of Porter County, Indiana; From 1832 to 1876 (circa 1917)
  14. ↑ John W Tyndall & OE Lesh, Standard history of Adams and Wells Counties, Indiana. pp. 284-6 (accessed 9 August 2020)
  15. ↑ The counties are Dekalb, Fulton, Jasper, Jay, Kosciusko, Marshall, Newton, Porter, Pulaski, Stark, Steuben, Wells, and Whitley. Newton County was merged with Jasper County in 1839, and was re-authorized as a separate county in 1859.
  16. ↑ Baker, Ronald L.; Marvin Carmony (1995). Indiana Place Names. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 133. ISBN   0-253-28340-X.
  17. ↑ De Witt Clinton Goodrich & Charles Richard Tuttle (1875). An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana. Indiana: R. S. Peale & co. p.  570.
  18. ↑ "The Modern History of the Burns Harbor Steel Mill". NWI Steel Heritage Museum. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  19. 1 2 Porter County IN (Google Maps, accessed 24 August 2020)
  20. ↑ (PeakBagger.com, accessed 24 August 2020)
  21. 1 2 "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  22. ↑ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Porter County, IN" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved December 5, 2024. - Text list
  23. ↑ "Porter County Public Library" . Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  24. ↑ "Westchester Public Library" . Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Porter Health Care System". Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  26. 1 2 "Monthly Averages for Valparaiso IN". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  27. 1 2 Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  28. 1 2 3 4 Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2" (PDF). IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  29. ↑ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  30. ↑ "Commissioners". Porter County. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  31. ↑ Official Porter County website
  32. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  33. ↑ "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  34. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  35. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  36. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  37. 1 2 3 "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  40. ↑ US Census Bureau. American Community Survey, Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics 2010, Table DP-1, 2010 Demographic Profile Data. U.S. Census website. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  41. ↑ US Census Bureau. 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03, Selected Economic Charactaristics. US Census website. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  42. ↑ US Census Bureau. 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04, Selected Housing Charactaristics. US Census website. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  43. ↑ Bailly Cemetery, at Baileytown, near Porter, Westchester Township, Porter County Indiana; Cemetery of the Pioneer family of Honore Gratien Joseph Bailly de Messein and Marie LeFevre, Burials 1827 to 1918; compiled by Olga Mae Schiemann; Chicago, Illinois; 1952
  44. ↑ "Porter County Parks and Recreation" . Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  45. ↑ "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Binkca-Cross Gardens" . Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  46. ↑ "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Calumet Trail" . Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  47. ↑ "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Dunn's Bridge County Park" . Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  48. ↑ "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Sunset Hill Farm County Park" . Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Indiana Dunes Country Activities Guide, The Official Guide to Porter County, Indiana; The Indiana Dunes: 2015, p. 19
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Indiana Dunes Country Activities Guide, The Official Guide to Porter County, Indiana; The Indiana Dunes: 2015, pp. 22-23
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