Prophets of Christianity

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St. John the Baptist Preaching, c. 1665, by Mattia Preti Mattia Preti - San Giovanni Battista Predicazione.jpg
St. John the Baptist Preaching, c.1665, by Mattia Preti

In Christianity, the figures widely recognised as prophets are those mentioned as such in the Old Testament and the New Testament. It is believed that prophets are chosen and called by the one God.

Contents

The first list below consists of only those individuals that have been clearly defined as prophets, either by explicit statement or strong contextual implication, (e.g. the purported authors of the books listed as the major prophets and minor prophets) along with the biblical reference to their office. The second list consists of those individuals who are recorded as having had a visionary or prophetic experience, but without a history of any major or consistent prophetic calling. The third list consists of unnamed prophets. The fourth list contains the names of those described in the Bible as prophets, but who are presented as either misusing this gift or as fraudulent. The final list consists of post-biblical individuals regarded as prophets and of post-biblical individuals who are claimed to have had visionary or prophetic experience.

Here is the revised list formatted according to your specifications:

Main list

Torah / Pentateuch

1. Lamech (father of Noah) (Genesis 5:28–29 )

2. Noah (Genesis 7:1 )

3. Eber (Genesis 16:16–17 )

4. Ishmael (Genesis 16:11 )

5. Abraham (Genesis 20:7 )

6. Lot (Genesis 11:27 )

7. Melchizedek (Genesis 14:18–24 )

8. Isaac (Genesis 26:2–7 )

9. Jacob (Genesis 28:11–16 )

10. Jethro (Exodus 2:18 )

11. Miriam (Book of Exodus 15:20)

12. Noah (Deuteronomy 34:10 ) (additional mention)

Nevi’im (Prophets)

• Former Prophets

1. Deborah (Judges 4:4 )

2. Gideon (Judges 6 through 8 )

3. Samuel (1 Samuel 3:20 )

4. Gad (1 Samuel 22:5 )

5. Nathan (2 Samuel 7:2 )

6. Jehu (1 Kings 16:7 )

7. Ahijah (1 Kings 11:29 )

8. Shemaiah (1 Kings 12:22 )

9. Elijah (1 Kings 18:36 )

10. Micaiah (1 Kings 22:9 )

11. Elisha (2 Kings 9:1 )

12. Huldah (2 Kings 22:14)

13. Jonah (Jonah 1:1 , 2 Kings 14:25 )

Horace Vernet, ''Jeremiah on the ruins of Jerusalem'' (1844) SA 160-Jeremia op de puinhopen van Jeruzalem.jpg
Horace Vernet, ‘‘Jeremiah on the ruins of Jerusalem’’ (1844)

• Latter Prophets

1. Isaiah (2 Kings 19:2 )

2. Jeremiah (Jeremiah 20:2)

3. Urijah (Jeremiah 26:20 )

4. Ezekiel (Ezekiel 1:3 )

5. Hosea (Hosea 1:1 )

6. Amos (Amos 1:1 )

7. Micah (Micah 1:1 )

8. Nahum (Nahum 1:1 )

9. Habakkuk (Habakkuk 1:1 )

10. Zephaniah (Zephaniah 1:1 )

11. Haggai (Haggai 1:1 )

12. Zechariah, son of Berechiah (Zechariah 1:1 )

13. Malachi (Malachi 1:1 )

Ketuvim (Writings)

1. Job (Job 1:1 )

2. Asaph (2 Chronicles 29:30 )

3. Hanani (2 Chronicles 16:7)

4. Obadiah (Obadiah 1:1 )

5. Oded (2 Chronicles 15:8 )

6. Oded (2 Chronicles 28:9 ) (additional mention)

7. Iddo (2 Chronicles 13:22 )

8. Zechariah, son of Jehoiada (2 Chronicles 24:20)

New Testament

• Gospels

1. Anna (Luke 2:36–38 )

2. John the Baptist (Luke 7:28 )

• Acts

1. Philip the Evangelist (Acts 8:26)

2. Paul the Apostle (Acts of the Apostles 9:20)

3. Agabus (Acts of the Apostles 11:27–28 )

4. Lucius of Cyrene (Acts 13:1)

5. Simeon Niger (Acts 13:1)

6. Manahen (Acts 13:1) 7. Judas Barsabbas (Acts 15:32 )

8. Silas (Acts 15:32 )

9. Phillip daughters (Acts 21:8, 9)

• Epistles and Revelation

1. Daniel (Matthew 24:15 )

2. David (Hebrews 11:32 ) (reference)

3. John of Patmos (Revelation 1:1–3 )

Unnamed prophets

Biblical people with claimed prophetic experiences

Men of God

False prophets and prophets of Baal

Claimed post-biblical prophets

The following persons are considered by some Christians to be prophets, or to have had prophetic experiences.

See also

Related Research Articles

The Book of Jeremiah is the second of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, and the second of the Prophets in the Christian Old Testament. The superscription at chapter Jeremiah 1:1–3 identifies the book as "the words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah". Of all the prophets, Jeremiah comes through most clearly as a person, ruminating to his scribe Baruch about his role as a servant of God with little good news for his audience.

The Book of Obadiah is a book of the Bible whose authorship is attributed to Obadiah. Obadiah is one of the Twelve Minor Prophets in the final section of Nevi'im, the second main division of the Hebrew Bible. The text consists of a single chapter, divided into 21 verses with 440 Hebrew words, making it the shortest book in the Tanakh, though there are three shorter New Testament epistles in Greek. The Book of Obadiah is a prophecy concerning the divine judgment of Edom and the restoration of Israel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prophet</span> Intermediary between humanity and the divine

In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zephaniah</span> Biblical figure

Zephaniah is the name of several people in the Hebrew Bible; the most prominent being the prophet who prophesied in the days of Josiah, king of Judah and is attributed a book bearing his name among the Twelve Minor Prophets. His name is commonly transliterated Sophonias in Bibles translated from the Vulgate or Septuagint. The name might mean "Yahweh has hidden/protected," or "Yah lies in wait". The church father Jerome interpreted the name to mean "the watchman of the Lord".

The Nevi'im is the second major division of the Hebrew Bible, lying between the Torah and Ketuvim. The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.

The Twelve Minor Prophets, or the Book of the Twelve, is a collection of prophetic books, written between about the 8th and 4th centuries BCE, which are in both the Jewish Tanakh and Christian Old Testament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apocalyptic literature</span> Genre of prophetical writing

Apocalyptic literature is a genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians. Apocalypse is a Greek word meaning "revelation", "an unveiling or unfolding of things not previously known and which could not be known apart from the unveiling".

Bible prophecy or biblical prophecy comprises the passages of the Bible that are claimed to reflect communications from God to humans through prophets. Christians usually consider the biblical prophets to have received revelations from God.

The protocanonical books are those books of the Old Testament that are also included in the Hebrew Bible and that came to be considered canonical during the formational period of orthodox Christianity. The Old Testament is entirely rejected by some forms of Gnosticism, but the Hebrew Bible was adhered to even more tightly by Jewish Christians than Gentile Christians. The term protocanonical is often used to contrast these books to the deuterocanonical books or apocrypha, which "were sometimes doubted" by some in the early church, and are considered non-canonical by most Protestants.

The books of the New Testament frequently cite Jewish scripture to support the claim of the Early Christians that Jesus was the promised Jewish Messiah. Scholars have observed that few of these citations are actual predictions in context; the majority of these quotations and references are taken from the prophetic Book of Isaiah, but they range over the entire corpus of Jewish writings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Two witnesses</span> Two prophets mentioned in the Book of Revelation

The two witnesses are two literary figures who are mentioned in Revelation 11:1-14. Some Christians interpret this as two literal people, such as Moses and Elijah or Saint Peter and Paul the Apostle. Others interpret this as a symbol for a group or groups of people, such as the Christian church or the Jews and the Christians. Still others interpret this as a symbol of two concepts, such as the Torah and Nevi’im or the Old Testament and New Testament. The earliest interpretation of the two witnesses is that they are Enoch and Elijah, the only two that did not see death as required by the Scriptures. Hippolytus of Rome is the first commentator to unambiguously present this view.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Voice of God</span> Religious concept

In the Abrahamic religions, the voice of God is a communication from God to human beings through sound with no known physical source.

Matthew 27:9-10 are the ninth and tenth verses of the twenty-seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. These verses end the final story of Judas Iscariot, with a quotation from scripture showing how the events around his final days were predicted.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Bible:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zechariah 12</span> Bible chapter

Zechariah 12 is the twelfth of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 9–14. This chapter and chapter 13 verses 1–6 are a section, forming a three-section "entity" with 13:7–9 and 14:1-21.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zechariah 3</span> Chapter in the Hebrew Bible

Zechariah 3 is the third of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. The chapter contains the vision of Joshua, the high priest, being cleansed before God. It is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 1–8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zechariah 1</span> Bible chapter

Zechariah 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. As the first of the 14 chapters in the book, this chapter is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 1-8. It records an introduction and the first two of eight visions received by the prophet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zechariah 7</span> Bible chapter

Zechariah 7 is the seventh of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 1–8. The Jews having sent to inquire concerning the set fasts, Zechariah 7:1-3, Zechariah reproves the hypocrisy of their fasts, Zechariah 7:4-7, and they are exhorted by repentance to remove the cause of their calamity, Zechariah 7:8-14.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zechariah 8</span> Bible chapter

Zechariah 8 is the eighth of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 1–8. This chapter contains a continuation of the subject in the seventh chapter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ezekiel 34</span> Book of Ezekiel, chapter 34

Ezekiel 34 is the thirty-fourth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. In this chapter, Ezekiel prophesies against the "irresponsible shepherds" of Israel and states that God will instead seek out God's sheep and become their "true shepherd". The Jerusalem Bible notes the continuity of this theme, occurring in Jeremiah 23:1–6, here in Ezekiel, and later resumed in Zechariah 11:4–17, as well as in the New Testament.

References

  1. Bowler 2013, pp. 14–16.
  2. Robins 2010, p. 85.
  3. Brown 2011, p. 152.
  4. Coleman 2000, p. 41.
  5. Harrell 1975, p. 171.
  6. Harrell 1975, pp. 234–235.
  7. Coleman 2000, p. 30.
  8. Robins 2010, p. 129.