Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814

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Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
Type Bilateral treaty
Signed13 August 1814;211 years ago (1814-08-13)
Signatories
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The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 (also known as the Convention of London; Dutch : Verdrag van Londen) was signed by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 13 August 1814. It was signed by Lord Castlereagh on behalf of the British government and Hendrik Fagel on behalf of the Dutch government. The treaty restored several of the Dutch colonies occupied by British forces during the Napoleonic Wars, although several others were permanently ceded to Britain. It also included Dutch acknowledgement of British opposition to the Atlantic slave trade and agreements to improve the Low Countries' defences. [1] Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.

Contents

Terms

Colonial possessions

The treaty returned many of the Dutch colonies Britain occupied during the Napoleonic Wars to the Netherlands, specifically Surinam, Curaçao, Aruba, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, Dutch Bengal (with the exception of the district of Bernagore), Dutch Coromandel, Dutch Malacca and the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch agreed to cede several captured colonies to Britain, including the Dutch Cape Colony, Dutch Malabar, Dutch Suratte, Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice. In exchange for the cession of Dutch Malabar, Britain ceded Bangka Island to the Netherlands. Dutch subjects were granted trading rights in Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice, while Britain agreed to pay an annual fee to the Netherlands in exchange for the cession of Bernagore. [2]

Cooperation

The treaty also included a declaration issued by the Dutch government on 15 June 1814 noting that slave ships were no longer permitted in British-controlled ports. William I of the Netherlands had issued a royal decree in June 1814 which abolished Dutch involvement in the Atlantic slave trade, and the British and Dutch governments were both in agreement regarding their opposition to the trade. [3] Britain and the Netherlands also agreed to spend £2,000,000 each on improving defences in the Low Countries, while a further set of funds, up to £3,000,000, are mentioned for the "final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland." [4] [5] [6] Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.[ citation needed ]

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Wright 1950, pp. 229–239.
  2. ↑ Robson 1931, p. 198.
  3. ↑ Robson 1931, pp. 200–204.
  4. ↑ Robson 1931, p. 200.
  5. ↑ Robson 1931, pp. 213–214.
  6. ↑ Muller 1935, p. 562.

Bibliography

  • Muller, H. (December 1935). "The Acquisition of Cape Colony by the British". The Geographical Journal . 86 (6): 561–562. JSTOR   1786285.
  • Robson, W. H. (June 1931). "New Light on Lord Castlereagh's Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History . 3 (2): 198–218. doi:10.1086/235722. JSTOR   1871714. S2CID   144543785.
  • Worsfold, W. B. (1897). South Africa: a study in colonial administration and development. London: Methuen & Co. OCLC   679893341.
  • Wright, H. R. C. (1950). "The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824". Economic History Review . 3 (2): 229–239. doi:10.2307/2590770. JSTOR   2590770.
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