Huizhou (region)

Huizhou
Huizhou; 徽州
	Region
	Xidi, a World Heritage Site, is a village in Huizhou that was built by a merchant family during the Ming Dynasty
Country	China
Province	Anhui and Jiangxi
Area
• Total	13,870 km2 (5,360 sq mi)
Population (2010)
• Total	c. 1,984,000

Last updated April 08, 2019

Huīzhōu (Chinese : 徽州 ) is a historical region in southeastern China. It corresponds to the southernmost part of Anhui Province (Huangshan City and Jixi County) plus Wuyuan County in northeastern Jiangxi Province. Anhui, the name of the province, is a portmanteau word combining the first characters of Anqing and Huizhou.

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases not mutually intelligible, language varieties, forming the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is spoken by the ethnic Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China. About 1.2 billion people speak some form of Chinese as their first language.

Huangshan City Prefecture-level city in Anhui, Peoples Republic of China

Huangshan, is a prefecture-level city in southern Anhui province, People's Republic of China. Huangshan means Yellow Mountain in Chinese and the city is named after the famously scenic Yellow Mountains which cover much of the city's vast geographic expanse. The prefectural city of Huangshan includes three urban districts and four counties. The urban center of Huangshan was originally the city of Tunxi, and is now called Tunxi District. Locals still call the city Tunxi to distinguish urban core from other parts of Huangshan.

Jixi County is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xuancheng, in the southeast of Anhui province, China, bordering Zhejiang province to the east. It has a population of 180,000 and an area of 1,126 km² (435 sq mi).. Jixi County is a hilly region with many rivers and bodies of water.

History

During the Song dynasty (1211), Huizhou was named from Shezhou or She Prefecture (歙). The prefecture remained intact for about 800 years with six counties: Shexian County (歙县), Yixian County (黟县), Xiuning (休宁), Qimen (祁门), Jixi (绩溪), and Wuyuan (婺源).

The Song dynasty was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporary Liao and Western Xia dynasties in the north. It was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Song government was the first in world history to issue banknotes or true paper money nationally and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowder, as well as the first discernment of true north using a compass.

The region was known for production of writing utensils. In the late Ming dynasty, the city also became known for publishing texts on a broad range of subjects, such as genealogy, classic literature, and illustrated novels and dramas. The carvers of the printing blocks were highly skilled, allowing the printed works to be of high quality.^[1]

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the Great Ming Empire – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng, regimes loyal to the Ming throne – collectively called the Southern Ming – survived until 1683.

Genealogy, also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kinship and pedigrees of its members. The results are often displayed in charts or written as narratives.

Geography

Huizhou is a mountainous region in the south of Anhui province. Huizhou is also well known for the scenic Huangshan Mountains.

Economy

Since the Ming dynasty, the merchants of Huizhou, collectively known in Chinese as Huishang (徽商; pinyin: Huīshāng) were renowned for their economic prowess. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, they formed a formidable political force both regionally and nationally.^[2]

After the Taiping Rebellion, Huizhou merchants became less prominent as the war disrupted trade in inland China.^[3]

The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion or total civil war in China that was waged from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom under Hong Xiuquan.

Culture

Huizhou has its own distinct culture as well as spoken Chinese form, known as Huizhou and recognized as one of the main subdivisions of spoken Chinese. Peking Opera originates in a local opera of Huizhou.

Hui cuisine, known for wide use of wild herbs, is one of eight main Chinese cuisines.

Architecture

Huizhou is famous for ancient streets and buildings, such as ancestral temple, memorial archway. Residential buildings in Huizhou attach importance to Fengshui and yinyang.

Notable people

Zhu Xi (1130-1200)
Huang Binhong (1865-1955)
Hu Shih (1891-1962)
Tao Xingzhi (1891-1946)
Hu Xueyan (1823-1885)
Hu Zongxian (1512-1565)
Zhan Tianyou (1861-1919)
Sai Xinhua (1872-1936)
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao

Related Research Articles

Anhui is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the eastern region of the country. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, bordering Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a short section in the north.

Xidi Village in Anhui, Peoples Republic of China

Xidi is a village in Xidi Town (西递镇), Yi County, Huangshan City of the historical Huizhou region of Anhui province, China. It was declared a part of the "Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui" World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000, along with Hongcun.

Hongcun is a village in Hongcun Town, Yi County, Huangshan City in the historical Huizhou region of southern Anhui Province, China, near the southwest slope of Mount Huangshan.

Huizhou or Hui, is a group of closely related varieties of Chinese spoken over a small area in and around the historical region of Huizhou, in about ten or so mountainous counties in southern Anhui, plus a few more in neighbouring Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

Xuancheng is a city in the southeast of Anhui province. Founded in 109 BCE, Xuancheng has over 2,000 years of history. Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta, it borders Wuhu to the northwest, Chizhou to the west, Huangshan to the southwest, and the provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangsu to the southeast and northeast respectively.

Anqing is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Anhui province, People's Republic of China. Its population was 5,311,579 at the 2010 census, with 780,514 living in the built-up area.

Chizhou is a prefecture-level city in the south of Anhui province, China. It borders Anqing to the northwest, Tongling and Wuhu to the northeast, Xuancheng to the east, Huangshan to the southeast, and the province of Jiangxi to the southwest.

Huizhou District is a district of Huangshan City, Anhui province, People's Republic of China. It has a population of 100,000 and an area of 424 square kilometres (164 sq mi). It was carved out from Shexian County (歙县) after the 1987 renaming of the entire region from Huizhou to Huangshan City.

She County, or Shexian, is a county in the southeast of Anhui Province, China, bordering Zhejiang Province to the east. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Huangshan City. It has a population of 500,000 and an area of 2,236 square kilometres (863 sq mi).

Wuyuan County is a county in the northeast of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering the provinces of Zhejiang to the east and Anhui to the north. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Shangrao.

Tongshan District District in Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China

Tongshan District, formerly Tongshan County is one of six districts of Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China, bordering Anhui and Shandong provinces.

Hui opera, or Huiju, is a regional genre of Chinese opera originally from southern Anhui. It is popular in the area around Huangshan City and Chizhou, as well as Wuyuan County, Jiangxi, and was formerly also popular in neighboring Zhejiang. It has existed for over 300 years.

Hangzhou–Huangshan intercity railway or Hanghuang ICR is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line between Hangzhou, Zhejiang and Huangshan, Anhui. The line runs 265 km (165 mi) through northwestern Zhejiang and southern Anhui and accommodates trains traveling at speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph). Travel time from Hangzhou to Huangshan was reduced to about one and one-half hour. The line is the first rail link between the two cities and brings counties in mountainous southern Anhui closer to the Yangtze River Delta region. Construction began on June 30, 2014, and the line opened on December 25, 2018.

Doushan Street is a historical residential street in She County, Anhui province, China. It is named after a neighboring hill called Dou Hill by locals and is a noted tourist attraction in the area.

The Wang Hanzhou residence, built in the late Qing dynasty, is located at 83, Hebei Avenue in the New River area. The wood building is in the traditional Chinese courtyard style and open on three sides. Built of brick with dimensions of 42 by 12 metres, the structure has a courtyard, atrium, and dwelling rooms. Ornate, high relief wood carvings were made in the doors and beams of the house in the designs of birds, figures, and flowers. A half-moon shaped hall is situated on the top floor of the three stories. The residence has views of the pier and the New River. It is considered a masterpiece of residential architecture in Nanjing.

Jiang Shan is a Chinese politician who spent most of his career in East China's Anhui province. As of April 2014 he was under investigation by the Communist Party's anti-corruption agency, and he was expelled from the party and removed from office in December 2014. Previously he served as the Communist Party Secretary of Chuzhou.

Chinese regional cuisines are the different cuisines found in different provinces and prefectures of China as well as from larger Chinese communities overseas.

Hwiju Yo clan was one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan was in Huizhou District, Huangshan City, Anhui, China. According to the research in 1985, the number of Hwiju Yo clan was 274. The name of Hwiju Yo clan came from China. According to the census in 1930, 10 families belonged to Hwiju Yo clan. But it has been found that 6 out of the 10 families living in North Hamgyong Province were descendants in Ming dynasty and were naturalized to Joseon to avoid conflicts happened more than 290 years before.

References

↑ Kai-wing Chow (2004). Publishing, Culture, and Power in Early Modern China. Stanford University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-0-8047-3368-7.
↑ Wong, Edward (29 March 2012). "In Rural China, Temples to Past Merchant Wealth Endure". New York Times. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
↑ Rowe, WIlliam T. China's Last Great Empire: The Great Qing.

This Anhui location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[Chow2004-1] Kai-wing Chow (2004). Publishing, Culture, and Power in Early Modern China. Stanford University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-0-8047-3368-7.

[2] Wong, Edward (29 March 2012). "In Rural China, Temples to Past Merchant Wealth Endure". New York Times. Retrieved 2018-01-10.

[3] Rowe, WIlliam T. China's Last Great Empire: The Great Qing.