Established | 1832 to 1840 |
---|---|
Location | Kingston, Ontario, Canada |
Coordinates | 44°13′40″N76°28′10″W / 44.22778°N 76.46944°W Coordinates: 44°13′40″N76°28′10″W / 44.22778°N 76.46944°W |
Type | fortifications |
Part of | Rideau Canal |
Criteria | Cultural: (i)(iv) |
Reference | 1221 |
Inscription | 2007 (31st Session) |
Designated | 1930 |
The Kingston Fortifications are a series of 19th century defensive works in Kingston,Ontario,Canada,that are National Historic Sites of Canada and UNESCO World Heritage Sites (as part of the Rideau Canal inscription). The fortification system consists of five installations: [1] [2]
Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in Eastern Ontario,at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau,Quebec,and forms the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). As of 2021,Ottawa had a city population of 1,017,449 and a metropolitan population of 1,488,307,making it the fourth-largest city and fourth-largest metropolitan area in Canada.
Kingston is a city in Ontario,Canada. It is located on the north-eastern end of Lake Ontario,at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River. The city is midway between Toronto,Ontario and Montreal,Quebec. Kingston is also located nearby the Thousand Islands,a tourist region to the east,and the Prince Edward County tourist region to the west. Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many heritage buildings constructed using local limestone.
The Rideau Canal is a 202 kilometre long canal that links the Ottawa River,at Ottawa,with the Saint Lawrence River at Kingston,Ontario,Canada. Its 46 locks raise boats from the Ottawa River 83 metres upstream along the Rideau River to the Rideau Lakes,and from there drop 50 metres downstream along the Cataraqui River to Kingston.
Gananoque is a town in the Leeds and Grenville area of Ontario,Canada. The town had a population of 5,383 year-round residents in the 2021 Canadian Census,as well as summer residents sometimes referred to as "Islanders" because of the Thousand Islands in the Saint Lawrence River,Gananoque's most important tourist attraction. The Gananoque River flows through the town and the St. Lawrence River serves as the southern boundary of the town.
Fort Henry National Historic Site is located in Kingston,Ontario,Canada on Point Henry,a strategic,elevated point near the mouth of the Cataraqui River where it flows into the St. Lawrence River at the east end of Lake Ontario. The fort and the point on which the fort was built were named after Henry Hamilton,former Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec.
Lieutenant-Colonel John By was an English military engineer. He is best known for having supervised the construction of the Rideau Canal and for having founded Bytown in the process. It developed and was designated as the Canadian capital,Ottawa.
Murney Tower is a Martello tower in Kingston,Ontario,Canada,whose construction dates to January 1846. The Tower was built in response to the Oregon Crisis,which was a tense dispute over the border between British North America and the United States in the 1840s.
Rideau Lakes is a township located within Leeds and Grenville United Counties in Eastern Ontario,Canada. The township was incorporated on 1 January 1998 by amalgamating the former townships of North Crosby,South Crosby,Bastard,South Burgess and South Elmsley with the village of Newboro.
Fort Frederick is a historic military building located on Point Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston,Ontario,Canada. Its construction dates to 1846 and the Oregon boundary dispute. The fort consists of earthworks surrounding a Martello tower. Fort Frederick is included in two separate National Historic Sites of Canada:Kingston Fortifications National Historic Site and the Point Frederick Buildings National Historic Site.
Cathcart Tower is a Martello tower located on Cedar Island in the St. Lawrence River,off the eastern shore of Fort Henry in Kingston,Ontario,Canada. It is one of four such towers built in the 1840s to protect Kingston's harbour and the entrance to the Rideau Canal. The other towers are:Fort Frederick,Shoal Tower,and Murney Tower. Alexander Mackenzie was a foreman on the construction of the Carthcart Tower and later went on to become Canada's second prime minister 1873–1878. It was his work crew whose boat capsized while returning from Cedar Island,drowning 17 men. Hamilton Cove was subsequently renamed Deadman's Bay.
Kingston Mills,located approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of downtown Kingston,Ontario,is the southernmost lockstation and one of 24 lockstations of the Rideau Canal system. Kingston Mills is a component of the Rideau Canal National Historic Site,and along with the rest of the Rideau Canal,is a World Heritage Site. The site is managed and operated by Parks Canada.
The Royal Military College of Canada Museum,established in 1962,is located in a Martello tower known as Fort Frederick on the campus of the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston,Ontario,and is operated by the college. Until 2016 the museum had regular hours from the last weekend in June until Labour Day. Although admission was free,donations were accepted. Guided tours were offered in English and French. Genealogical research and archival records services were offered relating to college history or with inquires relating to ex-cadets when permitted by privacy regulations.
Shoal Tower,originally known as Victoria Tower,is a Martello tower located in the harbour of Kingston,Ontario,Canada,directly opposite Kingston City Hall. It is one of four such towers built in the 1840s to protect Kingston's harbour and the entrance to the Rideau Canal. Cathcart Tower on Cedar Island,Shoal Tower in the Confederation Basin,Fort Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada,and Murney Tower were part of the same strategic improvements. Although 16 Martello towers were built in Canada,only 11 are still standing,four of them in Kingston.
Ontario is Canada's largest province in population and second largest province in size,covering close to one million square kilometres. It borders the United States to the south,and the provinces of Quebec to the east and Manitoba to the west. Around 250,000 lakes can be found in Ontario,making up approximately one-third of the world's fresh water.
Point Frederick is a 41-hectare (101-acre) peninsula in Kingston,Ontario,Canada. The peninsula is located at the south end of the Rideau Canal where Lake Ontario empties into the St. Lawrence River. Point Frederick is bounded by the Cataraqui River to the west,the St. Lawrence River to the south,and Navy Bay to the east. The peninsula is occupied by the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC). Several of the buildings located on Point Frederick and the site of the old naval dockyard are national historic sites. Fort Frederick,at the south end of the peninsula,is a feature of the Kingston Fortifications National Historic Site of Canada.
Media related to Kingston Fortifications at Wikimedia Commons