Law regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race

Law regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race
Long title Law of 4 October 1940 regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race Loi du 4 octobre 1940 relative aux ressortissants étrangers de race juive
Territorial extent	French State
Signed by	Philippe Pétain
Signed	4 October 1940
Effective	4 October 1940
Related legislation
numerous regulations
Summary
foreign Jews subject to forced internment or reassignment of residence
Status: Void ab initio

The Law of 4 October 1940 regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race was a law enacted by the Vichy regime, which authorized and organized the internment of foreign Jews ^[1] and marked the beginning of the policy of collaboration of the Vichy regime with Nazi Germany's plans for the extermination of the Jews of Europe. The law was published in the Journal officiel de la République française on 18 October 1940.

The law was signed by Marshall Philippe Pétain and the principal members of his government, ^{[2] [3]} one day after the Law on the status of Jews provided a legal definition of the expression Jewish race and contained a list of occupations forbidden to Jews. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

Vichy France was nominally independent from Germany, unlike the northern Occupied Zone, which was under direct occupation by Germany. However, Pétain's regime did not wait for German orders to draw up antisemitic measures. Instead, it but took them on their own initiative. ^[2] Antisemitic measures began to be drawn up almost immediately after Pétain had signed the Armistice of 22 June 1940, ^[7] which ended hostilities and established the terms of the Germans occupation, including the division of France into the occupied and free zones.

See also

• Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II
• French Fourth Republic
• French Third Republic
• German occupation of France
• History of the Jews in France
• Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
• Vichy France
• Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline
• Zone libre

References

Notes

Footnotes

1. Rémy 1992, p. 91.
2. Fresco 2021, p. 20-21.
3. Rayski 2005, p. 12.
4. Geddes & Favell 1999, p. 79.
5. Rémy 1992, p. 87.
6. Klarsfeld 1983, p. xiii.
7. Epstein 1942, p. xxxv.

Works cited

• Epstein, Mortimer (1942). "The Statesman's Year-Book : Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1942". The Statesman's Year-Book. 79. Palgrave Macmillan. OCLC   1086492287. Legal position of Jews in Vichy France.—Almost immediately after the armistice, the Vichy government proclaimed its intention to deprive of their civil rights French people who are of Jewish faith or origin, and to place the Jews in the position of legal inferiority in which they find themselves in all other German-dominated countries. On October 3, 1940 (Journel Officiel of October 18), a law was published fixing the conditions under which a person is considered as being of Jewish origin. Access to all public offices, professions, journalism, executive positions in the film industry, etc. was prohibited to all such persons.

• Fresco, Nadine (4 March 2021) [1st pub. La mort des juifs. Paris : Seuil, 2008]. On the Death of Jews: Photographs and History. Translated by Clift, Sarah. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN   978-1-78920-882-5. OCLC   1226797554. On the preceding page, the law from the day before (3 October 1940), signed by Marshall Philip Pétain and nine of his ministers, is the 'law on the status of the Jews.' We know that those in charge of Vichy, 'complicit even before having understood the inevitable extent of their own compromise', did not wait for it to be imposed by the occupying power before enacting it.⁷³ We also know that whereas the German ordinance of the preceding month defined Jews by 'religion', the French statute of 3 October defined them by race.⁷⁴

• Geddes, Andrew; Favell, Adrian (1999). The Politics of Belonging: Migrants and Minorities in Contemporary Europe (government pub.). Contemporary trends in European social sciences. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN   978-1-84014-177-1. OCLC   470276345. The laws of October 1940 organized and entrenched discrimination towards Jews and foreigners (law of October 3 1940 concerning the status of Jews; law of October 4 1940 concerning ' alien residents of the Jewish race'.

• Klarsfeld, Serge (1983). Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944: Documentation of the Deportation of the Victims of the Final Solution in France. B. Klarsfeld Foundation. OCLC   970847660. 3) A law of October 3, 1940, on the status of Jews excluded them from most public and private professions and defined Jews on the basis of racial criteria.

• Rayski, Adam; Bédarida, François; Sayers, Will; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2005). The Choice of the Jews Under Vichy: Between Submission and Resistance. University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN   978-0-268-04021-5. OCLC   954784575. "on 3 October, Vichy promulgated the 'Law Concerning the Status of Jews,' signed by Pétain and the principal members of his government.

• Rémy, Dominique (1992). Les lois de Vichy: actes dits 'lois' de l'autorité de fait se prétendant 'gouvernement de l'Etat français' [The Vichy laws: acts called 'laws' of the de facto authority claiming to be the 'government of the French state'] (in French). Editions Romillat. ISBN   978-2-87894-026-8. OCLC   1038535440.

Further reading

• Bruttmann, Tal [in French] (2008). "La mise en oeuvre du statut des Juifs du 3 octobre 1940" [Implementation of the law on Jews of 3 October 1940]. Archives Juives. Revue d'histoire des juifs de France (in French). 41 (1). Les Belles Lettres: 11–24. doi:10.3917/aj.411.0011. ISSN   0003-9837. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015.

• Boiron, Stéphane (2008). "Antisémites sans remords" [Antisemites without remorse]. Cités . 36 (36). Paris: Presses universitaires de France: 37–50. doi: 10.3917/cite.036.0037 ..

• Broussolle, Denis (1996). "L'élaboration du statut des Juifs de 1940" [Development of the 1940 law on the Jews]. Genre humain (30–31). Paris: Éditions du Seuil: 115–139. doi:10.3917/lgh.030.0115. ISBN   978-2-02029-366-2. ISSN   0293-0277..

• Cotillon, Jérôme (2009). Raphaël Alibert, juriste engagé et homme d'influence à Vichy v [Raphaël Alibert, a committed lawyer and man of influence in Vichy]. Histoire (in French). Paris: Economica. ISBN   978-2-7178-5683-5..

• Gros, Dominique (1993). "Le « statut des juifs » et les manuels en usage dans les facultés de droit (1940-44)" [The "status of the Jews" and the textbooks used in law schools (1940-44)]. Cultures et Conflits (in French) (9/10). Paris: L'Harmattan: 139–174. JSTOR   23698834..

• Joly, Laurent (2008). "L'administration française et le statut du 2 juin 1941" [French administration and the law of 2 June 1941]. Archives Juives. Revue d'histoire des juifs de France. 41 (1). Paris: fr:Les Belles Lettres: 25–40. doi:10.3917/aj.411.0025. ISSN   1965-0531. OCLC   793455446. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015.

• Joly, Laurent [in French] (2010). "Tradition nationale et « emprunts doctrinaux » dans l'antisémitisme de Vichy" [National tradition and "doctrinal borrowings" in the anti-Semitism of Vichy]. In Battini, Michele; Matard-Bonucci (dir.), Marie-Anne (eds.). Antisemitismi a confronto : Francia e Italia. Ideologie, retoriche, politiche (in French). Pisa: Edizioni Plus / Pisa University Press. pp. 139–154. ISBN   978-8-88492-675-3..

• Joly, Laurent [in French] (2013). "The Genesis of Vichy's Jewish Statute of October 1940". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 27 (2): 276–298. doi:10.1093/hgs/dct027. ISSN   8756-6583..

• Laffitte, Michel (2010). "La question des « aménagements » du statut des juifs sous Vichy". In Battini, Michele; Matard-Bonucci (dir.), Marie-Anne (eds.). Antisemitismi a confronto : Francia e Italia. Ideologie, retoriche, politiche[Comparing anti-Semitism : France and Italy. Ideologies, rhetoric, policies] (proceedings) (in Italian). Pisa: Edizioni Plus / Pisa University Press. pp. 179–194. ISBN   978-8-88492-675-3. OCLC   705739140..