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| Elections in California |
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The 1849 California gubernatorial election was held on November 13, 1849, to elect the first governor of California. Peter Hardeman Burnett won in a five-way race. Burnett was subsequently sworn in as governor on December 20, 1849, with the military governor, Bennet C. Riley, ceding de facto executive authority to him. However, California did not officially become a state until September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850.
Peter Hardeman Burnett had only arrived in California a year prior to the election of 1849, but was known for his work Oregon Territory as a judge in their territory's Supreme Court. [1] On January 6, 1849, in a meeting of prominent men in Sacramento, he was appointed President of a committee that formally requested a provisional government to be established in California. [2] This committee would work with Bennet C. Riley, the final military governor of California, to establish election procedures, and delegate counts. [3]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Democrat | Peter Hardeman Burnett | 6,783 | 47.72% | |
| Independent Democrat | Winfield S. Sherwood | 3,220 | 22.66% | |
| Independent | John Sutter | 2,201 | 15.49% | |
| Independent Democrat | John W. Geary | 1,358 | 9.56% | |
| Ind. Whig | William Morris Stewart | 619 | 4.36% | |
| Scattering | 32 | 0.23% | ||
| Majority | 3,563 | 25.07% | ||
| Total votes | 14,213 | 100.00% | ||
| District [b] | Peter H. Burnet | Winfield S. Sherwood | John Sutter | John W. Geary | William M. Stewart | Scattering | Margin | Total votes cast [4] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Los Angeles | 224 | 65.12% | 118 | 34.30% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.58% | 106 | 30.81% | 344 |
| Monterey | 181 | 47.51% | 152 | 39.90% | 39 | 10.24% | 0 | 0.00% | 4 | 1.05% | 5 | 1.31% | 29 | 7.61% | 381 |
| Sacramento | 2,408 | 42.74% | 1,923 | 34.13% | 861 | 15.28% | 0 | 0.00% | 442 | 7.85% | 0 | 0.00% | 485 | 8.61% | 5,634 |
| San Diego | 93 | 38.59% | 148 | 61.41% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -55 | -22.82% | 241 |
| San Francisco | 1,925 | 61.72% | 69 | 2.21% | 1,084 | 34.75% | 0 | 0.00% | 28 | 0.90% | 13 | 0.42% | 841 [c] | 26.96% | 3,119 |
| San Joaquin | 1,010 | 33.00% | 418 | 13.66% | 182 | 5.95% | 1,356 | 44.30% | 95 | 3.10% | 0 | 0.00% | -346 | -11.30% | 3,061 |
| San Jose | 517 | 89.76% | 36 | 6.25% | 16 | 2.78% | 2 | 0.35% | 4 | 0.69% | 1 | 0.17% | 481 | 83.51% | 576 |
| San Luis Obispo | 0 | 0.00% | 45 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -45 | -100.00% | 45 |
| Santa Barbara | 1 | 0.54% | 183 | 98.92% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 0.54% | -182 | -98.38% | 185 |
| Sonoma | 424 | 67.62% | 128 | 20.41% | 19 | 3.03% | 0 | 0.00% | 46 | 7.34% | 10 | 1.59% | 296 | 47.21% | 627 |
| Total | 6,783 | 47.72% | 3,220 | 22.66% | 2,201 | 15.49% | 1,358 | 9.55% | 619 | 4.36% | 32 | 0.23% | 3,563 | 25.07% | 14,213 |
Mission Santa Clara de Asís is a Spanish mission in the city of Santa Clara, California. The mission, which was the eighth in California, was founded on January 12, 1777, by the Franciscans. Named for Saint Clare of Assisi, who founded the order of the Poor Clares and was an early companion of St. Francis of Assisi, this was the first California mission to be named in honor of a woman.
The State of Deseret was a proposed state of the United States, promoted by leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who had founded settlements in what is today the state of Utah. A provisional state government operated for nearly two years in 1849–50, but was never recognized by the United States government. The name Deseret derives from the word for "honeybee" in the Book of Mormon.
John Neely Johnson was an American lawyer and politician. He was elected as the fourth governor of California from 1856 to 1858, and later appointed justice to the Nevada Supreme Court from 1867 to 1871. As a member of the American Party, Johnson remains one of only two members of a third party to be elected to the California governorship.
Newton Booth was an American entrepreneur and politician who served as the 11th governor of California from 1871 to 1875 and as U.S. Senator from California from 1875 to 1881. He was the only member of the Anti-Monopoly Party elected to the U.S. Senate.
John McDougal was an American politician who served as the second Governor of California from January 9, 1851, until January 8, 1852. Prior to this, he served from 1849 to 1851 as the first Lieutenant Governor of California.
Bennet C. Riley was the seventh and last military governor of California. Riley ordered the election of representatives to a state constitutional convention, and handed over all civil authority to a governor and elected delegates at the end of 1849; the following year, California joined the U.S. as a state. He participated in the War of 1812 on Lake Ontario. He also served in the United States Army during the Seminole War in Florida, and Mexican–American War.
William Edward Petty Hartnell, later known by his Spanish name Don Guillermo Arnel, was a merchant, schoolmaster, and government official in California. He arrived in California in 1822 as a trader, where he married into the prominent Guerra family of California and became a Mexican citizen. He held several public roles during the Mexican era and after the American Conquest of California, notably serving as the official translator at the Monterey Constitutional Convention.
Henry Cornelius Burnett was an American politician who served as a Confederate States senator from Kentucky from 1862 to 1865. From 1855 to 1861, Burnett served four terms in the United States House of Representatives. A lawyer by profession, Burnett had held only one public office—circuit court clerk—before being elected to Congress. He represented Kentucky's 1st congressional district immediately prior to the Civil War. This district contained the entire Jackson Purchase region of the state, which was more sympathetic to the Confederate cause than any other area of Kentucky. Burnett promised the voters of his district that he would have President Abraham Lincoln arraigned for treason. Unionist newspaper editor George D. Prentice described Burnett as "a big, burly, loud-mouthed fellow who is forever raising points of order and objections, to embarrass the Republicans in the House".
Peter Hardeman Burnett was an American politician who served as the first elected Governor of California from December 20, 1849, to January 9, 1851. Burnett was elected Governor almost one year before California's admission to the Union as the 31st state in September 1850.
The Provisional Government of Oregon was a popularly elected settler government created in the Oregon Country, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Its formation had been advanced at the Champoeg Meetings since February 17, 1841, and it existed from May 2, 1843 until March 3, 1849, and provided a legal system and a common defense amongst the mostly American pioneers settling an area then inhabited by the many Indigenous Nations. Much of the region's geography and many of the Natives were not known by people of European descent until several exploratory tours were authorized at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The Organic Laws of Oregon were adopted in 1843 with its preamble stating that settlers only agreed to the laws "until such time as the United States of America extend their jurisdiction over us". According to a message from the government in 1844, the rising settler population was beginning to flourish among the "savages", who were "the chief obstruction to the entrance of civilization" in a land of "ignorance and idolatry".
Alonzo Albert Skinner was an American judge and Whig party politician in Oregon. He was the 16th justice of the Oregon Supreme Court and unsuccessful candidate for the office of governor. He also served as a circuit court judge for the state of Oregon, was a customs collector, a judge in the Provisional Government of Oregon, and a commissioner on a Native American treaty commission.
The Organic Laws of Oregon were two sets of legislation passed in the 1840s by a group of primarily American settlers based in the Willamette Valley. These laws were drafted after the Champoeg Meetings and created the structure of a government in the Oregon Country. At the last Champoeg Meeting in May 1843, the majority voted to create what became the Provisional Government of Oregon. Laws were drafted by the committee and accepted by a popular vote in July. These laws were reformed by a second version in 1845.
The following timeline traces the territorial evolution of California, the thirty-first state admitted to the United States of America, including the process of removing Indigenous Peoples from their native lands, or restricting them to reservations.
The Foreign Miners' Tax Act of 1850 was an Act passed by the United States state of California in 1850, imposing a tax of $20/month on foreign miners. The Act was repealed in 1851, and subsequently replaced by the Foreign Miners' License Tax Act of 1852, that charged $3/month. Both were in response to public dislike of Chinese miners.
The interim government of California existed from soon after the outbreak of the Mexican–American War in mid-1846 until U.S. statehood in September, 1850. There were three distinct phases:
Caius Tacitus Ryland was a Democratic politician who served in the California State Assembly from the 4th and later from the 7th district, serving as Speaker of the Assembly between 1867 and 1868.
The 1849 California lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on 13 November 1849 in order to elect the first Lieutenant Governor of California upon California acquiring statehood on 9 September 1850. Candidate John McDougal defeated candidate Richard Roman, candidate John B. Frisbie, candidate Francis J. Lippitt, candidate A. M. Winn, candidate and former Supreme Judge of the Provisional Government of Oregon Peter Hardeman Burnett and candidate Pablo de la Guerra.
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