Comparison of machine translation applications

Last updated March 29, 2024

Machine translation is an algorithm which attempts to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.

General information

Basic general information for popular machine translation applications.^[1]

Name	Platform	License	Price	Latest stable release	Source availability	Number of supported languages	Notes
Anusaaraka	Unix compatible	GPL	No fee required	0.50	Yes		Rule-based, deep parser based, paninian framework based; all programs and language data are free and open-source
Apertium	Cross-platform (web application), Unix compatible, precompiled packages available for Debian	GPL	No fee required	3.4.2	Yes		Rule-based, shallow transfer; all programs and language data are free and open source
Babylon	Windows, Mac	Proprietary software	Depends on license ($9.90–$89 for one license)	10.3	No		Prompts to install the Babylon Toolbar, a browser hijacker which is difficult to remove.^[2]^[3]
DeepL	Cross-platform (web application)	SaaS	No fee required, paid "Pro" version available		No	30+	Neural machine translation
Google Translate	Cross-platform (web application)	SaaS	No fee required		No	100+	Statistical and neural machine translation
GramTrans	Cross-platform (web application)	Freeware	No fee required	?	No		Rule-based, using constraint grammar
IBM Watson	Cross-platform	SaaS	Free, commercial (varies by plan)	3.0	No	50+	Both rule-based and statistical models developed by IBM Research. Neural machine translation models available through the Watson Language Translator API for developers.^[4]^[5]
Microsoft Translator	Cross-platform (web application)	SaaS	No fee required	Final	No	100+	Statistical and neural machine translation
Moses	Cross-platform	LGPL	No fee required	4.0^[6]	Yes		Drop-in replacement for Pharaoh, features factored translation models and decoding of confusion networks.
Moses for Mere Mortals	Ubuntu Linux	GPL	No fee required	2014-11-16	Yes		Free open source; based on Moses; translation memories integration.
NiuTrans	Cross-platform	GPL	No fee required	1.1.0	Yes	300+	Competitive performance for Chinese translation tasks; statistical machine translation. Supports phrase-based, hierarchical phrase-based, and syntax-based (string-to-tree, tree-to-string, and tree-to-tree) models for research purposes.
OpenLogos	Windows, Linux	GPL or paid initiative taker	No fee required	1.0.3	Yes		Rule-based, deep transfer
PROMT	Cross-platform (web application)	Proprietary software	Commercial	12.5	No	20+	Hybrid, rule-based, statistical and neural machine translation ^[7]
SYSTRAN	Cross-platform (web application)	Proprietary software	$200 (desktop) – $15,000 and up (enterprise server)	Version 7	No	50+	Hybrid, rule-based, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation
Yandex.Translate	Cross-platform (web application)	SaaS	No fee required		No	90+	Statistical and neural machine translation

Languages features comparison

The following table compares the number of languages which the following machine translation programs can translate between. (Moses and Moses for Mere Mortals allow you to train translation models for any language pair, though collections of translated texts (parallel corpus) need to be provided by the user. The Moses site provides links to training corpora.)

This is not an all-encompassing list. Some applications have many more language pairs than those listed below. This is a general comparison of key languages only. A full and accurate list of language pairs supported by each product should be found on each of the product's websites.

Multi-pair translations
Language	Language code	In ICU?	Google Translate ^[8]	Microsoft Translator ^[9]	Yandex Translate ^[10]	Amazon Translate ^[11]	IBM Watson ^[12]	DeepL Translate
Afrikaans	af	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Albanian	sq	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Amharic	am	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Arabic	ar	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Armenian	hy	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Assamese	as	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Aymara	ay	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Azerbaijani	az	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Bambara	bm	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Bashkir	ba	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Basque	eu	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Belarusian	be	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Bengali	bn	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Bhojpuri	bho	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Bodo	brx	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Bosnian	bs	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Bulgarian	bg	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Burmese	my	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Cantonese (Traditional)	yue or zh-Hant-HK	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Catalan	ca	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Cebuano	ceb	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Chewa (Chichewa/Nyanja)	ny	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Chinese (Simplified)	zh-Hans-CN	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Chinese (Traditional)	zh-Hant-TW	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Chuvash	cv	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Classical Chinese	lzh	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Corsican	co	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Croatian	hr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Czech	cs	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Danish	da	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Dari	fa-AF	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Dhivehi	dv	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Dogri	doi	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Dutch	nl	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Elvish (Sindarin)	sjn	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
English	en	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Esperanto	eo	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Estonian	et	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ewe	ee	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Faroese	fo	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Fijian	fj	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Finnish	fi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
French	fr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
French (Canada)	fr-CA	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Galician	gl	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Georgian	ka	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
German	de	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Greek	el	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Guarani	gn	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Gujarati	gu	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Haitian Creole	ht	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Hausa	ha	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Hawaiian	haw	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Hebrew	he	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Hill Mari	mrj	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Hindi	hi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Hmong (Daw)	hmn or mww	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Hungarian	hu	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Icelandic	is	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Igbo	ig	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Ilocano	ilo	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Indonesian	id	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Inuinnaqtun	ikt	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Inuktitut	iu	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Irish	ga	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Italian	it	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Japanese	ja	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Javanese	jv	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Kannada	kn	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Kashmiri	ks	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Kazakh	kk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Khmer	km	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Kinyarwanda	rw	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Kirundi (Rundi)	rn	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Klingon	tlh	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Konkani	kok	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Korean	ko	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Krio	kri	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Kurdish (Kurmanji)	ku	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Kurdish (Sorani)	ckb	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Kyrgyz	ky	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Lao	lo	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Latin	la	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Latvian	lv	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lingala	ln	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Lithuanian	lt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lower Sorbian	dsb	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Luganda	lg	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Luxembourgish	lb	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Macedonian	mk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Maithili	mai	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Malagasy	mg	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Malay	ms	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Malayalam	ml	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Maltese	mt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Māori	mi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Marathi	mr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Meadow Mari	mhr	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Meitei (Manipuri)	mni-Mtei	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Mizo	lus	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Mongolian	mn	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Montenegrin	cnr	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Nepali	ne	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Northern Sotho (Sepedi)	nso	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Norwegian (Bokmål)	nb	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Odia (Oriya)	or	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Oromo	om	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Papiamento	pap	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Pashto	ps	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Persian	fa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Polish	pl	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Portuguese	pt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Portuguese (Brazil)	pt-BR	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Punjabi	pa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Quechua	qu	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Queretaro Otomi	otq	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Romanian	ro	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Russian	ru	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Samoan	sm	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Sanskrit	sa	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Scottish Gaelic	gd	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Serbian	sr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Shona	sn	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Sindhi	sd	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	si	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Slovak	sk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Slovene	sl	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Somali	so	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Sotho	st	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Spanish	es	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Spanish (Mexico)	es-MX	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
Sundanese	su	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Swahili	sw	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Swedish	sv	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tagalog (Filipino)	fil or tl	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Tahitian	ty	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Tajik	tg	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Tamil	ta	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Tatar	tt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Telugu	te	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Thai	th	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Tibetan	bo	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Tigrinya	ti	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Tongan	to	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Tsonga	ts	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Tswana	tn	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Turkish	tr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Turkmen	tk	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Twi	tw	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Udmurt	udm	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Ukrainian	uk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Upper Sorbian	hsb	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Urdu	ur	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Uyghur	ug	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Uzbek	uz	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Vietnamese	vi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Welsh	cy	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
West Frisian	fy	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Xhosa	xh	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Yakut	sah	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Yiddish	yi	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Yoruba	yo	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Yucatec Maya	yua	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Zulu	zu	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Total (confirmed)		127	133	129	98	75	57	30

Paired translations
Language		Apertium ^[13]	OpenLogos	GramTrans	SYSTRAN	IdiomaX
To English	Arabic to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Catalan to English	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Chinese (Simplified) to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Chinese (Traditional) to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Czech to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Danish to English	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
	Dutch to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Esperanto to English	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Estonian to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Finnish to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	French to English	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
	Galician to English	Yes	No	No	No	No
	German to English	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
	Greek to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Hindi to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Hungarian to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Irish to English	No	No	No	No	No
	Italian to English	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
	Japanese to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Korean to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Latvian to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Lithuanian to English	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
	Macedonian to English	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Maltese to English	No	No	No	No	No
	Norwegian to English	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
	Persian to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Polish to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Portuguese to English	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
	Romanian to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Russian to English	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
	Serbo-Croatian to English	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Slovak to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Slovene to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Spanish to English	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
	Swedish to English	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
	Turkish to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Ukrainian to English	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Welsh to English	Yes	No	No	No	No
Language		Apertium	OpenLogos	GramTrans	SYSTRAN	IdiomaX
To Chinese (Simplified)	English to Chinese (Simplified)	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
To Chinese (Traditional)	English to Chinese (Traditional)	No	No	No	Yes	No
To Crimean Tatar	Turkish to Crimean Tatar	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Dutch	English to Dutch	No	?	Yes	Yes	No
To Dutch	French to Dutch	No	No	No	Yes	No
To French	English to French	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
	German to French	No	?	No	Yes	No
	Spanish to French	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
	Catalan to French	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Russian to French	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
	Dutch to French	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Italian to French	?	?	?	Yes	Yes
	Breton to French	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Galician	English to Galician	Yes	?	No	No	No
	Portuguese to Galician	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Spanish to Galician	Yes	No	No	No	No
To German	English to German	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
	French to German	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Spanish to German	No	No	No	Yes	No
	Russian to German	No	No	No	No	No
	Italian to German	?	?	?	Yes	Yes
To Italian	English to Italian	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
	Spanish to Italian	No	?	?	Yes	Yes
	French to Italian	No	?	?	Yes	Yes
	German to Italian	No	?	?	Yes	Yes
To Japanese	English to Japanese	No	No	No	Yes	No
To Korean	English to Korean	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
To Portuguese	English to Portuguese	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
To Russian	English to Russian	No	No	No	Yes	No
	French to Russian	No	No	No	No	No
	Spanish to Russian	No	No	No	No	No
	German to Russian	No	No	No	No	No
	Italian to Russian	No	No	No	No	No
To Spanish	Catalan to Spanish	Yes	?	?	?	?
	English to Spanish	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
	Russian to Spanish	No	No	No	No	No
	French to Spanish	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
	German to Spanish	No	?	No	Yes	No
	Italian to Spanish	?	?	?	No	Yes
	Romanian to Spanish	Yes	?	?	?	?
To Welsh	English to Welsh	No	No	No	No	No
Language		Apertium	OpenLogos	GramTrans	SYSTRAN	IdiomaX
To Arabic	English to Arabic	No	No	No	Yes	No
To Catalan	English to Catalan	Yes	?	No	No	No
	French to Catalan	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Italian to Catalan	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Occitan to Catalan	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Spanish to Catalan	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Czech	English to Czech	No	?	No	Yes	No
To Czech	German to Czech	No	No	No	No	No
To Danish	English to Danish	No	?	Yes	No	No
To Esperanto	Catalan to Esperanto	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Danish to Esperanto	No	No	Yes	No	No
	English to Esperanto	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
	French to Esperanto	Yes	No	No	No	No
	Spanish to Esperanto	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Finnish	English to Finnish	No	?	No	Yes	No
To Greek	English to Greek	No	?	No	Yes	No
To Haitian Creole	English to Haitian Creole	No	No	No	No	No
To Hebrew	English to Hebrew	No	No	No	No	No
To Hungarian	English to Hungarian	No	?	No	Yes	No
To Norwegian (Bokmål)	English to Norwegian (Bokmål)	No	?	Yes	No	No
To Norwegian (Bokmål)	Norwegian (Nynorsk) to Norwegian (Bokmål)	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Norwegian (Nynorsk)	Norwegian (Bokmål) to Norwegian (Nynorsk)	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Occitan	Catalan to Occitan	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Occitan	Spanish to Occitan	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Polish	English to Polish	No	?	No	Yes	No
To Polish	German to Polish	No	No	No	No	No
To Romanian	English to Romanian	No	?	No	Yes	No
To Serbo-Croatian	English to Serbo-Croatian	No	?	Yes	No	No
To Slovene	English to Slovene	No	No	No	No	No
To Slovene	German to Slovene	No	No	No	No	No
To Swedish	English to Swedish	No	?	No	Yes	No
To Turkish	English to Turkish	No	No	No	Yes	No
To Turkish	Crimean Tatar to Turkish	Yes	No	No	No	No
To Ukrainian	English to Ukrainian	No	?	No	Yes	No
Total (confirmed)		28	9	15	65	59

External links

Apertium wiki (list of language pairs and licence information)
Xerox Easy Translator Service (list of language pairs)
Bing Translator Language List
Haitian Creole support in Bing/Microsoft Translator
Microsoft Research: Syntactically Informed Phrasal SMT
List of supported languages in Google Translate

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References

↑ "Translations Made Simple: The Usefulness of Translation Apps". April 8, 2020. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
↑ Remove FBI & Babylon Zombie Virus PCPitstop.com, author Steve Hogan, October 11, 2012
↑ How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar Completely Martin Brinkmann, ghacks.net, August 17, 2011
↑ "Watson Language Translator". www.ibm.com. 2016-11-28. Archived from the original on 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2017-11-08.
↑ language-translator-nodejs: Sample Node.js Application for the IBM Language Translation Service, Watson Developer Cloud, 2017-11-08, retrieved 2017-11-08
↑ "Moses - Moses/Releases".
↑ "Нейронные сети, офлайн-переводчики и конкуренция. Технологии машинного перевода". 8 April 2019.
↑ "Language support | Cloud Translation". Google Cloud. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
↑ "Language support - Translator - Azure AI services". learn.microsoft.com. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
↑ "Supported languages". yandex.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
↑ "What Is Amazon Translate? - Amazon Translate". docs.aws.amazon.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
↑ "IBM Cloud Docs". cloud.ibm.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
↑ "Apertium". wiki.apertium.org. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

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[1] "Translations Made Simple: The Usefulness of Translation Apps". April 8, 2020. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.

[2] Remove FBI & Babylon Zombie Virus PCPitstop.com, author Steve Hogan, October 11, 2012

[3] How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar Completely Martin Brinkmann, ghacks.net, August 17, 2011

[4] "Watson Language Translator". www.ibm.com. 2016-11-28. Archived from the original on 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2017-11-08.

[5] language-translator-nodejs: Sample Node.js Application for the IBM Language Translation Service, Watson Developer Cloud, 2017-11-08, retrieved 2017-11-08

[6] "Moses - Moses/Releases".

[7] "Нейронные сети, офлайн-переводчики и конкуренция. Технологии машинного перевода". 8 April 2019.

[8] "Language support | Cloud Translation". Google Cloud. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

[9] "Language support - Translator - Azure AI services". learn.microsoft.com. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.

[10] "Supported languages". yandex.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

[11] "What Is Amazon Translate? - Amazon Translate". docs.aws.amazon.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

[12] "IBM Cloud Docs". cloud.ibm.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

[13] "Apertium". wiki.apertium.org. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

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