Harry F. Sinclair House | |
Location | Manhattan, New York City |
---|---|
Coordinates | 40°46′36″N73°57′49″W / 40.77667°N 73.96361°W |
Built | 1897–1899 |
Architect | C. P. H. Gilbert [lower-alpha 1] |
Architectural style | French Renaissance, eclectic |
NRHP reference No. | 78001882 |
NYSRHP No. | 06101.001767 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | June 2, 1978 |
Designated NHL | June 2, 1978 |
Designated NYSRHP | June 23, 1980 |
The Harry F. Sinclair House is a mansion at the southeast corner of East 79th Street and Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The house was built between 1897 and 1899. Over the first half of the 20th century, the house was successively the residence of businessmen Isaac D. Fletcher and Harry F. Sinclair, and then the descendants of Peter Stuyvesant, the last Director of New Netherland. The Ukrainian Institute of America acquired the home in 1955. After the house gradually fell into disrepair, the institute renovated the building in the 1990s. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and was named a National Historic Landmark in 1978.
The mansion was designed in an eclectic French Renaissance style by C. P. H. Gilbert and built by foreman Harvey Murdock. The building largely retains its original design, except for a tankhouse on the roof. Gilbert and Murdock constructed the bulk of the house with brick, which was then faced with limestone ashlar. The northern façade on 79th Street, containing the main entrance, is characterized by multiple windows in square recesses or semi-elliptical and fully Gothic arches. The western façade on Fifth Avenue is symmetrical and dominated by a curved, projecting pavilion. The interior of the mansion comprises 27 rooms on six floors, for a total floor-space of 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2). Critical reviews of the house's architecture over its history have been largely positive.
The Harry F. Sinclair House is at 2 East 79th Street in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. [lower-alpha 2] It is at the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 79th Street, directly across from Central Park. [2] The Sinclair House stands on a lot measuring 100 feet (30 m) by 32.2 feet (9.8 m). [3] [4] [lower-alpha 3] The dimensions of the building itself are 96 feet (29 m), along East 79th Street, and 30 feet (9.1 m) on Fifth Avenue. [4] The Sinclair House abuts the James B. Duke House and Payne Whitney House immediately to the south. [2] The building is surrounded by a lawn, sunk into the ground, [3] [5] that is itself enclosed by a wrought iron fence, broken only by a stair and balustrade approaching the main entrance, on the north side. [6]
In the late 19th century, the site was owned by railroad magnate Henry H. Cook, who had acquired all lots on the city block between Fifth Avenue, Madison Avenue, and 78th and 79th streets. [7] [8] Cook had acquired the site for $500,000 and built a house on the southwest corner of the block in 1883. [9] Cook intended the block to house first-class residences, not high-rises, and only sold lots for the construction of private dwellings. [10] [11] By the early 1910s, the value of the land had increased to $6 million. [9] Through the early 2000s, the block of Fifth Avenue remained largely intact, compared to other parts of Fifth Avenue's "Millionaire's Row". [12]
In 1897, [13] Isaac D. Fletcher, an industrialist and art collector, [14] [15] purchased a lot at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 79th Street for $200,000 (equivalent to $7,035,200in 2022) from Henry H. Cook. [16] Fletcher, who was planning a house on the block, hired architect C. P. H. Gilbert to design the abode. [17] [18] [19] [lower-alpha 1] The house's design so impressed Fletcher that he commissioned a painting of the finished residence from Jean-François Raffaëlli in 1899. [21] [22] [lower-alpha 4]
Construction was undertaken by stonemason Harvey Murdock and was completed in 1899 at a total cost of $200,000 (equivalent to $7,035,200in 2022). [15] [3] Fletcher died at the house in 1917, [23] and in his will bequeathed the property to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. [14] [24] [25] The museum sold the house the next year to oil magnate Harry F. Sinclair, [24] who sold the house in 1930 to Augustus Stuyvesant Jr. and Anne van Horne Stuyvesant, [17] the last direct descendants of Peter Stuyvesant, the final Dutch governor of New Netherland. [14] [15] The siblings resided in the mansion until their deaths in 1953 and 1938 respectively. [26] [1] [27] A skylight above the staircase in the middle of the house was covered in the late 1940s. [28]
The executors of the Stuyvesant estate sold the Sinclair House in 1954 to a group of investors, [20] who sold it in 1955 to the Ukrainian Institute of America (UIA), [29] [30] a nonprofit founded by Ukrainian businessman William Dzus in 1948 to promote Ukrainian culture. [31] [32] The UIA's purchase of the Sinclair House gave the structure a "temporary reprieve" from demolition, as described by Newsday ; at the time, several other mansions on Fifth Avenue were being demolished. [33] The mortgage on the building was repaid in 1962. [21]
In 1977, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the house as part of the Metropolitan Museum Historic District, [15] a collection of 19th- and early 20th-century mansions around Fifth Avenue between 78th and 86th Streets. [34] [35] That June, the American Association for State and Local History filed paperwork with the National Park Service to nominate the Sinclair House for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). [36] The next year, on June 2, 1978, it was added to the NRHP. [37]
The UIA began repair work on the roof of the Sinclair House in late 1996 at an estimated cost of $250,000 (equivalent to $466,476in 2022). [21] [1] In an interview with The New York Times that year, a member of the board described this work as an interim measure, as the building was in a poor state. [1] At the time, the UIA was spending an estimated $150,000 (equivalent to $279,885in 2022) annually on upkeep. [21] [1] During the renovation, one-fourth of the slate tiles were replaced and some drainage systems around the dormers were replaced. [38] In November 2003, the US government made a matched grant of $270,000 (equivalent to $429,519in 2022) to the UIA through the Save America's Treasures initiative to cover the costs of modernizing the building's electrical wiring and plumbing. [39] The state government's Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation granted the UIA another $70,000 (equivalent to $108,453in 2022) for restoration in June 2004. Because these were matched grants, the UIA was required to raise $340,000 (equivalent to $526,772in 2022) on its own before accepting them. [40] By July 2009, the UIA had completed improvements to the electrical wiring, installed a security system, replaced windows, and restored design elements. The skylight above the central stairs was also restored. [28]
The mansion was one of several ornate residences on the south side of 79th Street, which had been undeveloped until the end of the 19th century. [41] It was designed in an eclectic French Renaissance style by C. P. H. Gilbert, [14] [20] [lower-alpha 1] who built several other mansions along Fifth Avenue. [42] The foreman, Harvey Murdock, was also prolific both in the construction of private residences in Manhattan and Brooklyn, and had worked with Gilbert several times prior to the Sinclair House. [15] The only additions to the building since its construction – a tankhouse on the roof and concrete arches to support a new roof for the penthouse – were made by Gilbert in the 1920s. [20] The mansion has a height of about 71 feet (22 m). [4]
Gilbert and Murdock constructed the bulk of the mansion with brick, which was then faced with limestone ashlar. The north façade is characterized by multiple windows, housed in either square recesses or semi-elliptical and fully Gothic arches, [6] and adorned variously with colonettes, ogee arches, and foliate reliefs around the glass. The main entrance is a frontispiece, a staple of French Renaissance homes, placed just to the left of the façade's center. It is made up of a portal [5] that contains six wrought iron and glass doors, [3] [6] all fashioned in the Gothic Revival style. On top of the portal is a balcony, in front of a second-story window in a rectangular recess embellished with hanging crockets. The balustrades flanking the entrance and the balcony above it are decorated with images of seahorses. [5] At the top of the façade are wall dormers, topped with pinnacles, upon a cornice that frames a mansard roof shingled in slate. At each corner on the cornice are small turrets ornamented with crockets and finials. [6] To the left of the entrance is a three-sided bay window rising from the basement to the third floor, and to the left of that is a copper conservatory in a corner recess. The western façade is symmetrical and dominated by a curved, projecting pavilion, rising from the basement to the cornice. Every floor on the project has three windows, which again mix square frames and elliptical arches. Belt courses run along the entire façade, separating the floors and terminating at the corners with sculpted gargoyle heads. [43]
The interior of the Sinclair House comprises 27 rooms on six floors, for a total floorspace of 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2). [6] The first three floors retain their original appearance, [29] [6] but not their original furnishings. The first floor is filled by a reception hall that separates the main entrance from the main staircase, [6] [44] at the south wall. Also on the first floor is a kitchen, a smaller, more enclosed staircase, and a pantry. The second floor is delineated into a ballroom and a dining hall, [6] while the third has a library, master bedroom, originally Fletcher's wife's room, [3] and a dressing room. [6] The fourth floor, formerly occupied by Fletcher's bedroom and guest rooms, [44] is now exhibit space but still contains two original marble bathtubs. [6] The top two floors, within the mansard roof, [45] have been transformed from servants' quarters into office space for the UIA's staff. [25] [6]
An 1899 article in the Real Estate Record and Guide generally praised the composition of the Sinclair House but noted that it had a rather ecclesiastical appearance and did not much resemble other, then-contemporary New York manors. [14] Two years later, however, the same magazine characterized the house as being part of "the two best-developed blocks on upper Fifth Avenue", namely between 77th and 79th Streets, [46] and by 1918 the magazine described the house as "one of the finest on the avenue". [24]
John Strausbaugh, writing for The New York Times in 2007, described the Sinclair House as a "fairy-tale palace". [47] The 2010 AIA Guide to New York City characterized the house as "a miniature French-Gothic chateau squeezed into the urban context". [19] Architectural historian Andrew Dolkart said of the Sinclair House in 2020, "The corner chateau, for example, both fits in and stands out." [48] He praised the "whimsical details", including what he described as "the carved dragon fish in the railings and those figures in funny hats holding up the windows". [48]
Murray Hill is a neighborhood on the east side of Manhattan in New York City. Murray Hill is generally bordered to the east by the East River or Kips Bay and to the west by Midtown Manhattan, though the exact boundaries are disputed. Murray Hill is situated on a steep glacial hill that peaked between Lexington Avenue and Broadway. It was named after Robert Murray, the head of the Murray family, a mercantile family that settled in the area in the 18th century.
The Upper East Side, sometimes abbreviated UES, is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the most affluent neighborhood in New York City.
Fifth Avenue is a major and prominent thoroughfare in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. It stretches north from Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village to West 143rd Street in Harlem. It is one of the most expensive shopping streets in the world.
The Payne Whitney House is a historic building at 972 Fifth Avenue, south of 79th Street, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was designed in the High Italian Renaissance style by architect Stanford White of the firm McKim, Mead & White. Completed in 1909 as a private residence for businessman William Payne Whitney and his family, the building has housed the Cultural Services of the French Embassy in the United States since 1952.
The Otto H. Kahn House is a mansion at 1 East 91st Street, at Fifth Avenue, in the Carnegie Hill section of the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The four-story mansion was designed by architects J. Armstrong Stenhouse and C. P. H. Gilbert in the neo-Italian Renaissance style. It was completed in 1918 as the town residence of the German-born financier and philanthropist Otto H. Kahn and his family. The Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private school, owns the Kahn House along with the adjacent James A. Burden House, which is internally connected. The mansion is a New York City designated landmark and, along with the Burden House, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
79th Street is a major two-way street on the Upper East Side and Upper West Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs in two major sections: between East End and Fifth Avenues on the Upper East Side, and between Columbus Avenue and Henry Hudson Parkway on the Upper West Side. The two segments are connected by the 79th Street transverse across Central Park, as well as one block of 81st Street.
The Andrew Carnegie Mansion is a historic house and museum building at 2 East 91st Street, on the east side of Fifth Avenue, in the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The three-and-a-half story, brick and stone mansion was designed by Babb, Cook & Willard in the Georgian Revival style. Completed in 1902 for the industrialist Andrew Carnegie, his wife Louise, and their only child Margaret, it served as the family's residence until 1946. Since 1976, the house has been occupied by the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, part of the Smithsonian Institution. The mansion is internally connected to two townhouses at 9 East 90th Street and 11 East 90th Street, both of which are part of the Cooper-Hewitt.
3 East 57th Street, originally the L. P. Hollander Company Building, is a nine-story commercial building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is along the northern side of 57th Street, just east of Fifth Avenue. 3 East 57th Street, constructed from 1929 to 1930, was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon in an early Art Deco style.
Charles Pierrepont Henry Gilbert was an American architect of the late-19th and early-20th centuries best known for designing townhouses and mansions.
The James B. Duke House is a mansion at 1 East 78th Street, on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The building was designed by Horace Trumbauer, who drew heavily upon the design of Château Labottière in Bordeaux. Constructed between 1909 and 1912 as a private residence for businessman James Buchanan Duke and his family, the building has housed the New York University (NYU)'s Institute of Fine Arts since 1959.
The John Henry Hammond House is a mansion at 9 East 91st Street on the Upper East Side in New York City. Since 1994, the Consulate-General of Russia in New York City has been located there.
The Marshall Orme Wilson House is a mansion at 3 East 64th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It is part of the Upper East Side Historic District, designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1981.
The Joseph Raphael De Lamar House is a mansion at 233 Madison Avenue at the corner of 37th Street in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The house, currently the Consulate General of Poland, New York City, was built in 1902–1905 and was designed by C. P. H. Gilbert in the Beaux-Arts style. The De Lamar Mansion marked a stark departure from Gilbert's traditional style of French Gothic architecture and was instead robustly Beaux-Arts, heavy with rusticated stonework, balconies, and a colossal mansard roof. The mansion is the largest in Murray Hill, and one of the most spectacular in the city; the interiors are as lavish as the exterior.
The Cartier Building, also 653 Fifth Avenue, is a commercial building on the southeast corner of 52nd Street and Fifth Avenue in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The building serves as the flagship store of Cartier in New York City. It consists of two conjoined residences completed in 1905: the Morton F. Plant residence at 651–653 Fifth Avenue, designed by Robert W. Gibson, and the Edward Holbrook residence at 4 East 52nd Street, designed by C. P. H. Gilbert.
The Felix M. Warburg House is a mansion located at 1109 Fifth Avenue, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The house was built from 1907 to 1908 for the German-American Jewish financier Felix M. Warburg and his family. After Warburg's death in 1937, his widow sold the mansion to a real estate developer. When plans to replace the mansion with luxury apartments fell through, ownership of the house reverted to the Warburgs, who then donated it in 1944 to the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. In 1947, the Seminary opened the Jewish Museum of New York in the mansion. The house was named a New York City designated landmark in 1981 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The Willard D. Straight House was the New York City residence of Willard Dickerman Straight. The mansion is at 1130 Fifth Avenue on the northeast corner with East 94th Street. It is located in the Carnegie Hill neighborhood on the section of Fifth Avenue known as Museum Mile and is one of only three houses remaining on Fifth Avenue in single-family occupancy, 925 and 973 Fifth Avenue, near 74th and 79th Street, respectively.
The Benjamin N. Duke House, also the Duke–Semans Mansion and the Benjamin N. and Sarah Duke House, is a mansion at 1009 Fifth Avenue, at the southeast corner with 82nd Street, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was built between 1899 and 1901 and was designed by the firm of Welch, Smith & Provot. The house, along with three other mansions on the same block, was built speculatively by developers William W. Hall and Thomas M. Hall. The Benjamin N. Duke House is one of a few remaining private mansions along Fifth Avenue. It is a New York City designated landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Lucy Drexel Dahlgren House is a historic home located at 15 East 96th Street between Fifth and Madison Avenues in Manhattan, New York City. It is on the border between the Carnegie Hill, Upper East Side, and East Harlem neighborhoods on the Upper East Side, within the Upper East Side Historic District. A private house used at one time as a convent, it was built in 1915–16 for Lucy Wharton Drexel Dahlgren. It is a New York City Landmark and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
257 Central Park West is a co-op apartment building on the southwest corner of 86th Street and Central Park West in the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was designed by the firm of Mulliken and Moeller and built by Gotham Building & Construction between 1905 and 1906.
7 West 54th Street is a commercial building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is along 54th Street's northern sidewalk between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. The four-story building was designed by John H. Duncan in the French Beaux-Arts style and was constructed between 1899 and 1900 as a private residence. It is one of five consecutive townhouses erected along the same city block during the 1890s, the others being 5, 11, and 13 and 15 West 54th Street.