Anti-Europeanism

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A vandalised EU sign in Sopot, Poland, 2003 European Union sign 2003.jpeg
A vandalised EU sign in Sopot, Poland, 2003

Anti-Europeanism, Anti-European sentiment, and Europhobia are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in opposition to Europe.

Contents

In the context of racial or ethno-nationalist politics, this may refer to the dislike, hatred, prejudice, mistreatment and/or discrimination against/toward the culture or peoples of Europe. In the shorthand of "Europe" (a British usage, standing for the European Union or European integration), it may refer to Euroscepticism, criticism of policies of European governments or the European Union. [1] In the context of United States foreign policy, it may refer to the geopolitical divide between "transatlantic", "transpacific" and "hemispheric" (Pan-American) relations.

Usage

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, an island country in Europe, "Europhobia" refers to negative attitudes towards mainland Europe, either in the context of anti-German sentiment or of anti-Catholicism, [2] or, more recently, of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom. [3]

United States

American exceptionalism in the United States [4] has long led to criticism of European domestic policy (such as the size of the welfare state in European countries) [5] and foreign policy (such as European countries that did not support the 2003 US invasion of Iraq). [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">France–United States relations</span> Bilateral relations

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pan-Americanism</span> Cooperation of the states of the Americas

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germany–United States relations</span> Bilateral relations

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This is a list of topics related to racism:

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<i>Foundations of Geopolitics</i> 1997 geopolitical book by Aleksandr Dugin

The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia is a geopolitical book by Aleksandr Dugin. Its publication in 1997 was well received in Russia; it has had significant influence within the Russian military, police forces, and foreign policy elites, and has been used as a textbook in the Academy of the General Staff of the Russian military. Powerful Russian political figures subsequently took an interest in Dugin, a Russian political analyst who espouses an ultra-nationalist and neo-fascist ideology based on his idea of neo-Eurasianism, who has developed a close relationship with Russia's Academy of the General Staff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-American sentiment in Pakistan</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Western sentiment</span> Hatred or opposition towards the Western world or its people

Anti-Western sentiment, also known as anti-Atlanticism or Westernophobia, refers to broad opposition, bias, or hostility towards the people, culture, or policies of the Western world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-American sentiment in Iran</span>

Anti-American sentiment in Iran is not new; the chant "Death to America" has been in use in Iran since at least the Islamic revolution in 1979, along with other phrases often represented as anti-American. A 1953 coup which involved the CIA was cited as a grievance. State-sponsored murals characterised as anti-American dot the streets of Tehran. It has been suggested that under Ayatollah Khomeini anti-Americanism was little more than a way to distinguish between domestic supporters and detractors, and even the phrase "Great Satan" which has previously been associated with anti-Americanism, appears to now signify either the United States or the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-imperialism</span> Political stance in opposition to interventionist or expansionist policies

Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is opposition to imperialism or neocolonialism. Anti-imperialist sentiment typically manifests as a political principle in independence struggles against intervention or influence from a global superpower, as well as in opposition to colonial rule. Anti-imperialism can also arise from a specific economic theory, such as in the Leninist interpretation of imperialism, which is derived from Lenin's 1917 work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. People who categorize themselves as anti-imperialists often state that they are opposed to colonialism, colonial empires, hegemony, imperialism and the territorial expansion of a country beyond its established borders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-American sentiment in Germany</span> Dislike of the American government or people in Germany

Anti-American sentiment in Germany is the dislike of the American government or people present in Germany. Anti-Americanism has been present in Germany throughout history with several notable incidents. Anti-Americanism was advanced by local leaders under the influence of the former Soviet Union, during the Cold War in East Germany, with dissenters being punished. In West Germany, this sentiment was generally limited to left wing politicians.

<i>America Against the World</i> 2007 book by Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes

America Against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked is a non-fiction book that was written by Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes in 2007 about United States foreign policy and the causes of dislike of Americans in other countries. Kohut is a former president of the American Association for Public Opinion Research and the National Council on Public Polls.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pro-Americanism</span> Admiration for the United States

Pro-Americanism describes support, love, or admiration for the United States, its government and economic system, its foreign policy, the American people, and/or American culture, typically on the part of people who are not American citizens or otherwise living outside of the United States. In this sense, it differs from Americanism, which can generally only be adhered to by American citizens or residents, although adherents of any of these may subscribe to overlapping concepts, such as American exceptionalism. Pro-Americanism is contrasted with Anti-Americanism, which is the fear or hatred of things American.

References

  1. "Europhobia definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2017-02-21.
  2. R. Miles in: Avril Horner (ed.), European Gothic: A Spirited Exchange 1760-1960 (2002), Thérèse Remus, Germanophobia, Europhobia, Xenophobia – About Stereotypes in Anglo-German Relations (2012)
  3. Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (June 21, 2016). "Europhobia: a very British problem". The Guardian . Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  4. Anti-Europeanism and Euroscepticism in the United States, Patrick Chamorel No 25, EUI-RSCAS Working Papers from European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS) 2004
  5. Elsner (2005), McPherson (2003)
  6. Lexington (2007), Ash (2003) Pipes (2006)

Further reading