List of Prime Ministers of Portugal

Prime Minister of the; Portuguese Republic ; Primeiro-ministro da; República Portuguesa
	Arms of the Portuguese Republic
	Flag of the Prime Minister
	Incumbent; António Costa ; since 26 November 2015
Style	His/Her Excellency
Appointer	President of Portugal
Term length	Four years maximum. No term limits
Inaugural holder	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela
Formation	24 September 1834
Website	portugal.gov.pt

Last updated April 19, 2019

The Prime Minister of the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese : Primeiro-Ministro da República Portuguesa) is the head of the country's Government. He/she coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports his actions and is accountable to the Assembly of the Republic, and keeps the President of the Republic informed.

Prime Minister is the current title of the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the Prime Minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed. The Prime Minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries.

Portuguese is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia; and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. Reintegrationists maintain that Galician is not a separate language, but a dialect of Portuguese. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation is referred to as "Lusophone" (Lusófono).

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state.

There is no limit to the number of mandates as Prime Minister. He/she is appointed by the President of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a plurality of votes in the elections to be named Prime Minister.

A plurality vote or relative majority describes the circumstance when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other, but does not receive a majority. For example, if 100 votes were cast, including 45 for Candidate A, 30 for Candidate B and 25 for Candidate C, then Candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some votes, the winning candidate or proposition may have only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.

The official residence of the Prime Minister is a mansion next to São Bento Palace, which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many Prime Ministers didn't live in the palace during their full mandate.

São Bento Palace in Lisbon is the seat of the Assembly of the Portuguese Republic, the parliament of Portugal. Originally constructed in 1598, São Bento has served as the seat of Portugal's parliament since 1834, when the former monastery of the Benedictine Order was dissolved after the Liberal Wars. During the Portuguese constitutional monarchy, the palace served as the seat of the Cortes Gerais, the traditional parliaments of Portugal, until 1910.

History

The origins of present office of Prime Minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese Monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the King of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the Kingdom as a kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on the Mayor of the Palace (Portuguese Mordomo-Mor), on the Chancellor (Chancellor-Mor), on the King's Private Secretary (Escrivão da Puridade) and on the Secretary of State (Secretário de Estado).

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.

Under the Merovingian dynasty, the mayor of the palace or majordomo was the manager of the household of the Frankish king. The office existed from the sixth century, and during the seventh it evolved into the "power behind the throne" in the northeastern kingdom of Austrasia. In 751, the mayor of the palace, Pepin the Short, orchestrated the deposition of the king, Childeric III, and was crowned in his place.

Chancellor is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in all kinds of settings. Nowadays the term is most often used to describe:

In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino) occupying a prominent position over the others.

Since the 1820 Liberal Revolution of Porto, liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the Secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch (Ministro Assistante ao Despacho), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers (President do Conselho de Ministros) was created. The Presidents of the Council were clearly the heads of government of the Kingdom, holding the executive power that absolutistic monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of a National Congress.

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but they generally support limited government, individual rights, capitalism, democracy, secularism, gender equality, racial equality, internationalism, freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of religion.

With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry (President do Ministério). During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability.

5 October 1910 revolution October 1910 coup détat in Portugal

The 5 October 1910 revolution was the overthrow of the centuries-old Portuguese Monarchy and its replacement by the Portuguese Republic. It was the result of a coup d'état organized by the Portuguese Republican Party.

With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi-fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the Prime Minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years.

With the Carnation Revolution came the Prime Minister, which replaced the President of the Council.

Prime Ministers

The numbering of the Prime Ministers starts with the first President of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering the Prime Ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside the three regimes: First Republic, the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the Second Republic to mark the numbering of Prime Ministers since the 1926 revolution that established the National Dictatorship and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist Estado Novo. In the Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of the provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the Carnation Revolution of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976.

At the right hand side, a column indicates the official numbering of the Constitutional Governments. The numbering of the Constitutional Governments is not the same as the numbering of Prime Ministers since the Constitution because, whenever elections for a new Parliament take place, a new Constitutional Government is installed, even if the Prime Minister remains the same; however, there is also a change of Constitutional Government when the Prime Minister is replaced, even if in mid-Parliament. So, because some Prime Ministers managed to remain in office after fresh elections (thus serving as Prime Ministers under more than one Parliament), there are more Constitutional Governments than there are Prime Ministers.

The colors indicate the political affiliation of each Prime Minister.

  No party
   Chartist/Chamorro
  Chamorro
   Septemberist
   Regenerator
   Historic
   Reformist
   Regenerator/Historic
   Progressist
   Liberal Regenerator
   Republican
   Democratic
   National Republican/Sidonist
   Republican Liberal
   Reconstitution Party
   Nationalist Republican
   Democratic Leftwing Republican
   National Union/People's National Action
   Democratic Renewal Party
   Socialist
   Social Democratic/Democratic Alliance
   Democratic and Social Centre/Democratic Alliance

Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)

#	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	Monarch (Reign)
1	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (1781–1850)	24 September 1834	4 May 1835	Chartist/"Chamorro"	1st Dev.	Maria II and Fernando II (1834–1853)
		1834		Chartist/"Chamorro"
		Portugal's first official Prime Minister.
2	Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho, Count of Linhares (1790–1857)	4 May 1835	27 May 1835	"Chamorro"
2		——		"Chamorro"
3	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Marquis of Saldanha (1790–1876)	27 May 1835	18 November 1835	Independent	2nd Dev.
3		——		Independent	2nd Dev.
4	José Jorge Loureiro (1791–1860)	18 November 1835	20 April 1836	Independent	3rd Dev.
4	José Jorge Loureiro (1791–1860)	——		Independent	3rd Dev.
5	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (1792–1860)	20 April 1836	10 September 1836	"Chamorro"	4th Dev.
		Jul.1836		"Chamorro"	4th Dev.
		September 1836 Revolution.
6	José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Count of Lumiares (1788–1849)	10 September 1836	4 November 1836	Septemberist	1st Set.
6		——		Septemberist	1st Set.
-	José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro, Marquis of Valença and Count of Vimioso (1780–1840) (did not take office)	4 November 1836	5 November 1836	Independent	——
-		——		Independent	——
7	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876)	5 November 1836	1 June 1837	Septemberist	2nd Set.
7		Nov.1836		Septemberist	2nd Set.
8	António Dias de Oliveira (1804–1863)	1 June 1837	2 August 1837	Septemberist	3rd Set.
		——		Septemberist	3rd Set.
		Revolt of the Marshals.
9	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (2nd time) (1795–1876)	2 August 1837	18 April 1839	Septemberist	4th Set.
9		1838		Septemberist	4th Set.
10	Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro de Almeida Carvalhais, Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa (1788–1841)	18 April 1839	26 November 1839	Septemberist	5th Set.
10		——		Septemberist	5th Set.
11	José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Count of Bonfim (1787–1862)	26 November 1839	9 June 1841	Septemberist	6th Set.
11	José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Count of Bonfim (1787–1862)	1840		Septemberist	6th Set.
12	Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884)	9 June 1841	7 February 1842	Septemberist	7th Set.
12	Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884)	——		Septemberist	7th Set.
13	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (2nd time) (1781–1850)	7 February 1842	9 February 1842	Independent	G.E.
13		——		Independent	G.E.
14	António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar (1803–1889)	9 February 1842	20 May 1846	Chartist	1st R. Cart.
		1842, 1845		Chartist	1st R. Cart.
		Revolution of Maria da Fonte.
15	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (3rd time) (1781–1850)	20 May 1846	6 October 1846	Chartist	2nd R. Cart.
		——		Chartist	2nd R. Cart.
		Emboscada palace coup.
16	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (2nd time) (1790–1876)	6 October 1846	18 June 1849	Chartist	3rd R. Cart.
		1847		Chartist	3rd R. Cart.
		Patuleia or Little Civil War that resulted in a Chartist victory; Convention of Gramido.
17	António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar (2nd time) (1803–1889)	18 June 1849	26 April 1851	Chartist	4th R. Cart.
17		——		Chartist	4th R. Cart.
18	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (2nd time) (1792–1860)	26 April 1851	1 May 1851	Regenerator	5th R. Cart.
18		——		Regenerator	5th R. Cart.
19	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (3rd time) (1790–1876)	1 May 1851	6 June 1856	Regenerator	1st Reg.
		1851, 1852		Regenerator	1st Reg.	Pedro V (1853–1861)
		Death of queen Maria II; Pedro V ascends the throne.
20	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (1804–1875)	6 June 1856	16 March 1859	Historic	2nd Reg.
		1856, 1858		Historic	2nd Reg.
		Opening of the first railway line in Portugal on 28 October 1856.
21	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (3rd time) (1792–1860)	16 March 1859	1 May 1860 (died)	Regenerator	3rd Reg.
21		1860		Regenerator
22	Joaquim António de Aguiar (2nd time) (1792–1884)	1 May 1860	4 July 1860	Regenerator
22	Joaquim António de Aguiar (2nd time) (1792–1884)	——		Regenerator
23	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (2nd time) (1804–1875)	4 July 1860	17 April 1865	Historic	4th Reg.
		1861, 1864		Historic	4th Reg.	Luis I (1861–1889)
		Death of king Pedro V; Luís I ascends the throne.
24	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (3rd time) (1795–1876)	17 April 1865	4 September 1865	Reformist	5th Reg.
24		——		Reformist	5th Reg.
25	Joaquim António de Aguiar (3rd time) (1792–1884)	4 September 1865	4 January 1868	Regenerator (with the Historic Party)	6th Reg.
		1865, 1867		Regenerator (with the Historic Party)	6th Reg.
		Janeirinha uprising.
26	António José de Ávila, Duke of Ávila and Bolama (1807–1881)	4 January 1868	22 July 1868	Independent (with Reformists)	7th Reg.
26		——		Independent (with Reformists)	7th Reg.
27	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (4th time) (1795–1876)	22 July 1868	11 August 1869	Reformist	8th Reg.
27		1868, 1869		Reformist	8th Reg.
28	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (3rd time) (1804–1875)	11 August 1869	19 May 1870	Historic (with Reformists)	9th Reg.
28		Mar.1870		Historic (with Reformists)	9th Reg.
29	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha (4th time) (1790–1876)	19 May 1870	29 August 1870	Regenerator	10th Reg.
29		——		Regenerator	10th Reg.
30	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (5th time) (1795–1876)	29 August 1870	29 October 1870	Reformist	11th Reg.
30		Sep.1870		Reformist	11th Reg.
31	António José de Ávila, Marquis of Ávila (2nd time) (1807–1881)	29 October 1870	13 September 1871	Reformist	12th Reg.
31		1871		Reformist	12th Reg.
32	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887)	13 September 1871	6 March 1877	Regenerator	13th Reg.
		1874		Regenerator	13th Reg.
		Longest serving Prime Minister in the Constitutional Monarchy (3 separate terms) and 2nd longest in Portuguese history; Conducted dynamic industrial and public infrastructure policy; educational reform; start of industrialization process.
33	António José de Ávila, Marquis of Ávila (3rd time) (1807–1881)	6 March 1877	26 January 1878	Reformist	14th Reg.
33		——		Reformist	14th Reg.
34	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (2nd time) (1819–1887)	26 January 1878	29 May 1879	Regenerator	15th Reg.
34		1878		Regenerator	15th Reg.
35	Anselmo José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco (1817–1885)	29 May 1879	23 March 1881	Progressist	16th Reg.
35		1879		Progressist	16th Reg.
36	António Rodrigues Sampaio (1806–1882)	23 March 1881	14 November 1881	Regenerator	17th Reg.
36	António Rodrigues Sampaio (1806–1882)	1881		Regenerator
37	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (3rd time) (1819–1887)	14 November 1881	16 February 1886	Regenerator
37		1884		Regenerator
38	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (1834–1914)	16 February 1886	14 January 1890	Progressist	18th Reg.
		1887, 1889		Progressist	18th Reg.	Carlos I (1889–1908)
		Pink Map crisis; Death of king Luís I; Carlos I ascends the throne; 1890 British Ultimatum.
39	António de Serpa Pimentel (1825–1900)	14 January 1890	11 October 1890	Regenerator	19th Reg.
39	António de Serpa Pimentel (1825–1900)	1890		Regenerator	19th Reg.
40	João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa (1811–1895)	11 October 1890	18 January 1892	Independent	20th Reg.
		——		Independent	20th Reg.
		January 31, 1891 rebellion in Porto.
41	José Dias Ferreira (1837–1909)	18 January 1892	22 February 1893	Independent	21st Reg.
41	José Dias Ferreira (1837–1909)	1892		Independent	21st Reg.
42	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907)	22 February 1893	5 February 1897	Regenerator	22nd Reg.
42	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907)	1894, 1895		Regenerator	22nd Reg.
43	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (2nd time) (1834–1914)	5 February 1897	26 July 1900	Progressist	23rd Reg.
43		1897, 1899		Progressist	23rd Reg.
44	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (2nd time) (1849–1907)	26 July 1900	20 October 1904	Regenerator	24th Reg.
44	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (2nd time) (1849–1907)	1900, 1901, 1904		Regenerator	24th Reg.
45	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (3rd time) (1834–1914)	20 October 1904	19 March 1906	Progressist	25th Reg.
45		1905		Progressist	25th Reg.
46	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (3rd time) (1849–1907)	19 March 1906	19 May 1906	Regenerator	26th Reg.
46	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (3rd time) (1849–1907)	Apr.1906		Regenerator	26th Reg.
47	João Ferreira Franco Pinto Castelo-Branco (1855–1929)	19 May 1906	4 February 1908	Liberal Regenerator	27th Reg.
		Aug.1906		Liberal Regenerator	27th Reg.
		Establishment of an authoritarian government; Lisbon Regicide and death of King Carlos I and other royal family members; Manuel II ascends the throne.
48	Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral (1844–1923)	4 February 1908	26 December 1908	Independent	28th Reg.	Manuel II (1908–1910)
48	Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral (1844–1923)	1908		Independent	28th Reg.
49	Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853–1922)	26 December 1908	11 April 1909	Independent (Regenerator and Progressist)	29th Reg.
49	Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853–1922)	——		Independent (Regenerator and Progressist)	29th Reg.
50	Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles (1847–1921)	11 April 1909	14 May 1909	Independent	30th Reg.
50	Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles (1847–1921)	——		Independent	30th Reg.
51	Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima (1858–1919)	14 May 1909	22 December 1909	Independent	31st Reg.
51	Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima (1858–1919)	——		Independent	31st Reg.
52	Francisco António da Veiga Beirão (1841–1916)	22 December 1909	26 June 1910	Regenerator	32nd Reg.
52	Francisco António da Veiga Beirão (1841–1916)	——		Regenerator	32nd Reg.
53	António Teixeira de Sousa (1857–1917)	26 June 1910	5 October 1910	Regenerator	33rd Reg.
		1910		Regenerator	33rd Reg.
		5 October 1910 revolution; End of Monarchy; royal family is exiled in the United Kingdom.

First Republic (1910–1926)

#	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
54	Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (1843–1924)	5 October 1910	4 September 1911	Republican	1st	Teófilo Braga (1910–1911)
		1911		Republican	1st
		5 October 1910 revolution.
55	João Pinheiro Chagas (1863–1925)	4 September 1911	13 November 1911	Republican	2nd	Manuel de Arriaga (1911–1915)
55	João Pinheiro Chagas (1863–1925)	——		Republican	2nd
56	Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (1867–1951)	13 November 1911	16 June 1912	Republican	3rd
56		——		Republican	3rd
57	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)	16 June 1912	23 September 1912	Republican	4th
		——		Republican
		Royalist attack on Chaves.
-	Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (interim) (1867–1951)	23 September 1912	30 September 1912	Republican
		——		Republican
	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)	30 September 1912	9 January 1913	Republican
	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)	——		Republican
58	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	9 January 1913	9 February 1914	Democratic	5th
58	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	——		Democratic	5th
59	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (1851–1944)	9 February 1914	12 December 1914	Democratic	6th, 7th
		——		Democratic	6th, 7th
		Portugal in the World War I.
60	"Vítor Hugo" de Azevedo Coutinho (1871–1955)	12 December 1914	28 January 1915	Democratic	8th
60	"Vítor Hugo" de Azevedo Coutinho (1871–1955)	——		Democratic	8th
61	Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (1846–1918)	28 January 1915	14 May 1915	Independent	9th
61	Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (1846–1918)	——		Independent	9th
-	Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro	14 May 1915	15 May 1915	None
-		——		None
-	João Pinheiro Chagas (did not take office) (1863–1925)	15 May 1915	17 May 1915	Independent	10th, 11th
-		——		Independent
62	José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (1868–1929)	17 May 1915	29 November 1915	Democratic		Teófilo Braga (1915)
62	José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (1868–1929)	1915		Democratic		Teófilo Braga (1915)
63	Afonso Augusto da Costa (2nd time) (1871–1937)	29 November 1915	16 March 1916	Democratic	12th	Bernardino Machado (1915–1917)
63	Afonso Augusto da Costa (2nd time) (1871–1937)	——		Democratic	12th
64	António José de Almeida (1866–1929)	16 March 1916	25 April 1917	Sacred Union (Evolutionist Party with the Democrats)	13th
64	António José de Almeida (1866–1929)	——		Sacred Union (Evolutionist Party with the Democrats)	13th
65	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	25 April 1917	7 October 1917	Democratic	14th
65	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	——		Democratic
-	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim) (1867–1955)	7 October 1917	25 October 1917	Democratic
		——		Democratic
	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	25 October 1917	17 November 1917	Democratic
	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	——		Democratic
	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim) (1867–1955)	17 November 1917	8 December 1917	Democratic
		——		Democratic
66	Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (1872–1918)	8 December 1917	14 December 1918 (died)	National Republican	15th, 16th	Sidónio Pais (1918)
		1918		National Republican
		Known as the President-King; establishment of an authoritarian regime; assassinated.
67	João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes Júnior (1862–1934)	14 December 1918	23 December 1918	National Republican		João do Canto e Castro (1918–1919)
67		——		National Republican
68	João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (1883–1948)	23 December 1918	27 January 1919	National Republican	17th, 18th
		——		National Republican	17th, 18th
		Monarchy of the North.
69	José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas (1858–1929)	27 January 1919	30 March 1919	Independent	19th
69	José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas (1858–1929)	——		Independent	19th
70	Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956)	30 March 1919	30 June 1919	Independent	20th
70	Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956)	——		Independent	20th
71	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (reconducted) (1864–1950)	30 June 1919	15 January 1920	Democratic	21st
71		1919		Democratic	21st
-	Francisco José Fernandes Costa (did not take office) (1857–1925)	15 January 1920		Republican Liberal	22nd	António José de Almeida (1919–1923)
-		——		Republican Liberal	22nd
-	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (reconducted) (1864–1950)	15 January 1920	21 January 1920	Democratic	21st
-		——		Democratic	21st
72	Domingos Leite Pereira (2nd time) (1882–1956)	21 January 1920	8 March 1920	Independent	23rd
72	Domingos Leite Pereira (2nd time) (1882–1956)	——		Independent	23rd
73	António Maria Baptista (1866–1920)	8 March 1920	6 June 1920 (died)	Democratic	24th
73	António Maria Baptista (1866–1920)	——		Democratic
74	José Ramos Preto (1871–1949)	6 June 1920	26 June 1920	Democratic
74	José Ramos Preto (1871–1949)	——		Democratic
75	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950)	26 June 1920	19 July 1920	Democratic (with the Socialists and Populars)	25th
75	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950)	——		Democratic (with the Socialists and Populars)	25th
76	António Joaquim Granjo (1881–1921)	19 July 1920	20 November 1920	Republican Liberal (with the Reconstitution Party)	26th
76	António Joaquim Granjo (1881–1921)	——		Republican Liberal (with the Reconstitution Party)	26th
77	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1878–1928)	20 November 1920	30 November 1920	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	27th
77	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1878–1928)	——		Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	27th
78	Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto (1880–1949)	30 November 1920	2 March 1921	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	28th
78	Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto (1880–1949)	——		Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	28th
79	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (2nd time) (1851–1944)	2 March 1921	23 May 1921	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	29th
79		——		Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	29th
80	Tomé José de Barros Queirós (1872–1925)	23 May 1921	30 August 1921	Republican Liberal	30th
80	Tomé José de Barros Queirós (1872–1925)	——		Republican Liberal	30th
81	António Joaquim Granjo (2nd time) (1881–1921)	30 August 1921	19 October 1921	Republican Liberal	31st
81	António Joaquim Granjo (2nd time) (1881–1921)	1921		Republican Liberal	31st
82	António Manuel Maria Coelho (1857–1943)	19 October 1921	5 November 1921	Independent	32nd
82	António Manuel Maria Coelho (1857–1943)	——		Independent	32nd
83	Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto (1866–1932)	5 November 1921	16 December 1921	Independent	33rd
83	Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto (1866–1932)	——		Independent	33rd
84	Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (1888–1970)	16 December 1921	7 February 1922	Democratic	34th
84	Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (1888–1970)	——		Democratic	34th
85	António Maria da Silva (2nd time) (1872–1950)	7 February 1922	15 November 1923	Democratic	35th, 36th, 37th
85	António Maria da Silva (2nd time) (1872–1950)	1922		Democratic	35th, 36th, 37th
86	António Ginestal Machado (1874–1940)	15 November 1923	18 December 1923	Nationalist Republican	38th	Manuel Teixeira Gomes (1923–1925)
86	António Ginestal Machado (1874–1940)	——		Nationalist Republican	38th
87	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (2nd time) (1878–1928)	18 December 1923	7 July 1924	Nationalist Republican (with the Democratics)	39th
87	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (2nd time) (1878–1928)	——		Nationalist Republican (with the Democratics)	39th
88	Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865–1938)	7 July 1924	22 November 1924	Democratic	40th
88	Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865–1938)	——		Democratic	40th
89	José Domingues dos Santos (1885–1958)	22 November 1924	15 February 1925	Democratic Leftwing Republican	41st
89	José Domingues dos Santos (1885–1958)	——		Democratic Leftwing Republican	41st
90	Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (1876–1957)	15 February 1925	1 July 1925	Democratic	42nd
90	Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (1876–1957)	——		Democratic	42nd
91	António Maria da Silva (3rd time) (1872–1950)	1 July 1925	1 August 1925	Democratic	43rd
91	António Maria da Silva (3rd time) (1872–1950)	——		Democratic	43rd
92	Domingos Leite Pereira (3rd time) (1882–1956)	1 August 1925	18 December 1925	Democratic	44th
92	Domingos Leite Pereira (3rd time) (1882–1956)	——		Democratic	44th
93	António Maria da Silva (4th time) (1872–1950)	18 December 1925	30 May 1926	Democratic	45th	Bernardino Machado (1925–1926)
		1925		Democratic	45th
		28 May 1926 coup d'état.

Second Republic (1926–1974)

#	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926–1932)
94	José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior (1883–1965)	30 May 1926	19 June 1926	None	1st Dict.	José Mendes Cabeçadas (1926)
		——		None	1st Dict.
		28 May 1926 coup d'état.
95	Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (1863–1929)	19 June 1926	9 July 1926	None	2nd Dict.	Manuel Gomes da Costa (1926)
95	Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (1863–1929)	——		None	2nd Dict.	Manuel Gomes da Costa (1926)
96	António Óscar Fragoso Carmona (1869–1951)	9 July 1926	18 April 1928	None	3rd Dict.	António Óscar Carmona (1926–1951)
96	António Óscar Fragoso Carmona (1869–1951)	——		None	3rd Dict.
97	José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952)	18 April 1928	8 July 1929	None	4th Dict. 5th Dict.
97	José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952)	——		None	4th Dict. 5th Dict.
98	Artur Ivens Ferraz (1870–1933)	8 July 1929	21 January 1930	None	6th Dict.
98	Artur Ivens Ferraz (1870–1933)	——		None	6th Dict.
99	Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira (1873–1957)	21 January 1930	5 July 1932	National Union	7th Dict.
99		——		National Union	7th Dict.
Estado Novo – New State (1932–1974)
100	António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970)	5 July 1932	25 September 1968	National Union	8th Dict. 9th Dict. 10th Dict.
		1934, 1938, 1942, 1945, 1949, 1953, 1957, 1961, 1965		National Union	8th Dict. 9th Dict. 10th Dict.	Francisco Craveiro Lopes (1951–1958)
		Longest serving Prime Minister in Portuguese history; Formation of the Estado Novo; Strong economic and fiscal stabilization; Spanish Civil War; 1936 Naval Revolt; Concordat of 1940 between Portugal and the Holy See; Portugal neutrality during World War II; Marshall Plan; Repression of civil liberties and political freedoms; co-founder of United Nations, NATO, OCDE and EFTA; loss of Portuguese India; Portuguese Colonial War; 1962 Academic Crisis; Replaced after suffering a brain hemorrhage.				Américo Tomás (1958–1974)
101	Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (1906–1980)	25 September 1968	25 April 1974	National Union from 1970 People's National Action	11th Dict.
		1969, 1973		National Union from 1970 People's National Action	11th Dict.
		"Political spring" of 1969; Portuguese Colonial War; 1973 oil crisis; Carnation Revolution.

Third Republic (1974–present)

#	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974–1976)
-	National Salvation Junta composed of: António de Spínola, Francisco da Costa Gomes Jaime Silvério Marques, Diogo Neto, Carlos Galvão de Melo José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo, António Rosa Coutinho	25 April 1974	16 May 1974	None	—	António de Spínola (1974)
		—		None	—
		Military junta designated to maintain government following the Carnation Revolution.
102	Adelino da Palma Carlos (1905–1992)	16 May 1974	18 July 1974	Independent	Prov. I
		—		Independent	Prov. I
		Lawyer, opponent of the Estado Novo, appointed by presidential nomination. Led a broad-based cabinet.
103	Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves (1921–2005)	18 July 1974	19 September 1975	Independent	Prov. II
					Prov. III
					Prov. IV	Francisco da Costa Gomes (1974–1976)
					Prov. V
		1975 Cst.			Prov. V
		Army colonel with ties with the Communist Party; Nationalization of banks and insurance companies after the events of 11 March 1975; Land reform; Introduction of a minimum wage; PREC
104	José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (1917–1983)	19 September 1975	23 June 1976	Independent	Prov. VI
		—		Independent	Prov. VI
		Coup of 25 November 1975; Approval of the new Constitution.
-	Vasco Fernando Leotte de Almeida e Costa (1932–2010) interim^[1]	23 June 1976	23 July 1976	Independent	(Prov. VI)
		—		Independent	(Prov. VI)
		Minister of Internal Administration under Pinheiro de Azevedo; interim Prime Minister when Azevedo suffered a heart attack.
Prime Ministers heading Constitutional Governments (1976–Present^[update])
105	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017)	23 July 1976	28 August 1978	Socialist	I ^[Min.]	António Ramalho Eanes (1976–1986)
		23 July 1976	28 August 1978		II (PS/CDS)
		1976			II (PS/CDS)
		First democratically appointed prime minister; 1976-1978 economic crisis; International Monetary Fund loan; Submission of the candidacy of Portugal to the EEC.
106	Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa (1923–1996)	28 August 1978	22 November 1978	Independent	III
		—		Independent	III
		Appointed by Presidential nomination. Resigned after his cabinet failed to gain Assembly majority.
107	Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto (1936–1985)	22 November 1978	1 August 1979	Independent	IV
		—		Independent	IV
		Appointed by presidential nomination.
108	Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (1930–2004)	1 August 1979	3 January 1980	Independent	V
		—		Independent	V
		Appointed by presidential nomination. First and only female Prime Minister of Portugal; Creation of the NHS (National Health Service).
109	Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro (1934–1980)	3 January 1980	4 December 1980 (died)	Social Democratic	VI (AD)
		1979, 1980		Social Democratic	VI (AD)
		First centre-right Prime Minister since the Revolution; 1980 Azores Islands earthquake; Died in a plane crash. The accident triggered a number of conspiracy theories.
110	Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (1941–) interim	4 December 1980	9 January 1981	Democratic and Social Centre	(VI (AD))
		—		Democratic and Social Centre	(VI (AD))
		Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister under Francisco Sá Carneiro; interim Prime Minister upon Sá Carneiro's death.
111	Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão (1937–)	9 January 1981	9 June 1983	Social Democratic	VII (AD)
		9 January 1981	9 June 1983		VIII (AD)
		—			VIII (AD)
		1982 constitutional revision; Abolition of the Council of the Revolution; Creation of the Constitutional Court; Resigns after a poor result in the 1982 local elections.
112	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017) (2nd time)	9 June 1983	6 November 1985	Socialist	IX (PS/PSD)
		1983		Socialist	IX (PS/PSD)
		Central Bloc (PS/PSD) coalition; Portugal's entry to the EEC; 1983-1985 economic crisis; International Monetary Fund loan; Moimenta-Alcafache train crash.
113	Aníbal António Cavaco Silva (1939–)	6 November 1985	28 October 1995	Social Democratic	X ^[Min.]
					XI	Mário Soares (1986–1996)
					XII
		1985, 1987, 1991			XII
		Longest serving prime minister in democracy and 3rd longest in Portuguese history; economic expansion; privatization of many previously government-owned industries; First time a single party won an absolute majority since the revolution; Chiado 1988 fire; 1989 and 1992 constitutional revisions; "Secos e molhados" police protests; Signing of the Maastricht Treaty; end of the Cold War; Gulf War; Legalization of private TV channels; Early 1990s recession; Riots against tolls on Ponte 25 de Abril.
114	António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres (1949–)	28 October 1995	6 April 2002	Socialist	XIII ^[Min.]
		28 October 1995	6 April 2002		XIV ^[Min.]	Jorge Sampaio (1996–2006)
		1995, 1999			XIV ^[Min.]
		Expo 98; Macau handover; East Timor issue; 1997 and 2001 constitutional revisions; Hintze Ribeiro disaster; Decriminalization of drug use; Portugal joins the European single currency; Resigns after a disastrous result in the 2001 local elections.
115	José Manuel Durão Barroso (1956–)	6 April 2002	17 July 2004	Social Democratic	XV (PSD/CDS-PP)
		2002		Social Democratic	XV (PSD/CDS-PP)
		Prestige disaster; 2003 Portuguese wildfires; Casa Pia child sexual abuse scandal; Iraq War; UEFA Euro 2004; 2004 constitutional revision; Resigns to become President of the European Commission.
116	Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes (1956–)	17 July 2004	12 March 2005	Social Democratic	XVI (PSD/CDS-PP)
		—		Social Democratic	XVI (PSD/CDS-PP)
		Mayor of Lisbon (2002-2004, 2005). Replaced José Manuel Barroso as Prime Minister; resigned due to the dissolution of Parliament by the President.
117	José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (1957–)	12 March 2005	21 June 2011	Socialist	XVII
		12 March 2005	21 June 2011		XVIII ^[Min.]	Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–2016)
		2005, 2009			XVIII ^[Min.]
		First time the Socialist Party won an absolute majority; 2005 constitutional revision; 2005 Portuguese wildfires; 2007 Abortion referendum; Treaty of Lisbon; Independente affair; Face Oculta scandal; Same-sex marriage legislation; 2011 Portuguese protests; 2010–13 Portuguese financial crisis.
118	Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (1964–)	21 June 2011	26 November 2015	Social Democratic	XIX (PSD/CDS-PP)
		21 June 2011	26 November 2015		XX (PàF)^[Min.]
		2011, 2015			XX (PàF)^[Min.]
		Appointed, after early elections, during the 2010–13 Portuguese financial crisis; Secret Services and Ongoing espionage scandal; September 15, 2012 mass protests; European Fiscal Union approval; 2013 governmental crisis and reshuffle; 2014 BES and ESFG corruption and money laundering scandal; Won the 2015 election but failed to win a majority; Defeated in a vote of no confidence just 10 days after taking the oath of office for his second term.
119	António Luís Santos da Costa (1961–)	26 November 2015	Incumbent	Socialist	XXI ^[Min.]	Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (2016–)
		—		Socialist	XXI ^[Min.]
		First Prime Minister from the second largest party in the elections; Formed a parliamentary agreement with the Left Bloc, the Portuguese Communist Party and the Ecologist Party "The Greens"; 2017 Portugal wildfires; Tancos military base 2017 robbery; October 2017 wildfires; Corruption scandals involving José Sócrates and his departure from the PS.

Timeline

Prime Ministers of Portugal (1834–1910)

Prime Ministers of Portugal (1910–1926)

Prime Ministers of Portugal (1926 – present)

Notes

^Min. Minority government

References

↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

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[1] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

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