Adams National Historical Park

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Adams National Historical Park
John Adams birthplace, Quincy, Massachusetts.JPG
John Adams birthplace
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Location135 Adams St., Quincy, Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°15′23″N71°0′41″W / 42.25639°N 71.01139°W / 42.25639; -71.01139
Area8.5 acres (3.4 ha) (NRHP listing) 13.82 acres (5.59 ha) (9.17 acres (3.71 ha) federal)
Built1681
Architectural styleGeorgian, Federal
Visitation12,848 (2022) [1]
Website Adams National Historical Park
NRHP reference No. 66000051 [2]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Boundary increaseNovember 26, 1952
Designated NHSDecember 9, 1946
Designated NHPNovember 2, 1998

Adams National Historical Park, formerly Adams National Historic Site, in Quincy, Massachusetts, preserves the home of United States presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams, of U.S. envoy to Great Britain, Charles Francis Adams, and of writers and historians Henry Adams and Brooks Adams.

Contents

The national historical park's eleven buildings tell the story of five generations of the Adams family (from 1720 to 1927) including presidents, first ladies, envoys, historians, writers, and family members who supported and contributed to their success. In addition to Peacefield, home to four generations of the Adams family, the park's main historic features include the John Adams Birthplace (October 30, 1735), the nearby John Quincy Adams Birthplace (July 11, 1767), and the Stone Library (built in 1870 to house the books of John Quincy Adams and believed to be the first presidential library), containing more than 14,000 historic volumes in 12 languages.

There is an off-site Visitors Center less than a mile (1.6 km) away. Regularly scheduled tours of the houses are offered in season (April 19 to November 10) by guided tour only. Access to United First Parish Church, where the Adamses worshipped and are buried, is provided by the congregation, for which they ask a small donation. The Church of the Presidents is across the town square from the Visitors Center and provides tours on a regular basis.

John Adams Birthplace

This house is a National Historic Landmark, the birthplace of John Adams. In 1720 it was purchased by Deacon John Adams, Sr., the father of the future second president. The younger Adams lived here until 1764, when he married Abigail Smith. It is a few feet from the John Quincy Adams Birthplace home, where John and Abigail Adams moved.

John Quincy Adams Birthplace

John Quincy Adams Birthplace John Quincy Adams birthplace, Quincy, Massachusetts.JPG
John Quincy Adams Birthplace

The house where John and Abigail Adams and their family lived during the time he was working on the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War is also the 1767 birthplace of their son, John Quincy Adams. The younger Adams grew up in the home, and he and his family lived in it for a time later in life.

The Old House at Peacefield

Peacefield Old House, Quincy, Massachusetts.JPG
Peacefield

The Old House was originally constructed in 1731 for Leonard Vassall, a sugar plantation owner, and was used as his summer house. The house stood empty for some time before it, along with 75 acres (30 ha), was purchased by Adams on September 23, 1787, for 600 pounds. The Adams family renamed it Peacefield, moved in the next year, and various generations occupied it until 1927, when Brooks Adams, the last occupant, died. That year it was sold to the Adams Memorial Society.

The National Park Service acquired it in 1947, and it has been a National Historic Site ever since. [3]

Stone Library

The Stone Library AdamsNHS-Library.jpeg
The Stone Library

The Stone Library, completed in 1870, stands next to Peacefield and houses personal papers and over 14,000 books which belonged to John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Charles Francis Adams, Henry Adams, and Brooks Adams. In his will, John Quincy Adams requested that the library be built out of stone so that it would be fireproof.

The Library holds John Adams' copy of George Washington's Farewell Address as well as the Mendi Bible, a Bible presented to John Quincy Adams in 1841 by the freed Mendi captives who had mutinied on the schooner La Amistad and whom Adams had successfully defended before the United States Supreme Court. [4] [5]

The Stone Library, exterior Adams National Park Stone Library.jpg
The Stone Library, exterior

Henry Adams wrote his nine-volume The History of the United States of America 1801–1817 in the library.

On the evening of November 11, 1996, one or more thieves used a chainsaw to gain access to and rob the building. [6] The break-in triggered the site’s alarm system; however, the perpetrators fled before police arrived. [7]

Four priceless books were stolen: a 1772 English Bible which belonged to Louisa Catherine Adams (John Quincy Adams's English-born wife), a 1611 King James Bible, an 18th-century copy of Marcus Elieser Bloch's Ichthyology (which contained hand-painted illustrations), and the 1838 Mendi Bible (which was presented to John Quincy Adams by the group of 53 Mendi tribes people whom Adams defended for at the Supreme Court). [8] With the help of the FBI, the books were returned to Adams National Historical Park undamaged. Kevin P. Gildea, 42, was indicted on two counts of theft and one count each of concealing objects of cultural heritage and concealing government property. [9]

United First Parish Church

United First Parish Church, the Adams' church and location of their burial crypt. United First Parish Church (exterior), Quincy, Massachusetts.JPG
United First Parish Church, the Adams' church and location of their burial crypt.

The church where both presidents and first ladies are entombed in the Adams Crypt is in close walking distance to the park visitor center but is not and has never been run by the National Park service. It is owned by the active congregation of Unitarian Universalists. In the past ten years, the congregation has used almost $2 million of its own resources to preserve the building. Church volunteers regularly give tours of the crypt, and the church is a popular second destination among park visitors.

Administrative history

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abigail Adams</span> First Lady of the United States from 1797 to 1801

Abigail Adams was the wife and closest advisor of John Adams, as well as the mother of John Quincy Adams. She was a founder of the United States, and was both the first second lady and second first lady of the United States, although such titles were not used at the time. She and Barbara Bush are the only two women to have been married to U.S. presidents and to have been the mothers of other U.S. presidents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quincy, Massachusetts</span> City in Massachusetts, United States

Quincy is a coastal U.S. city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the largest city in the county and a part of Metropolitan Boston as one of Boston's immediate southern suburbs. Its population in 2020 was 101,636, making it the seventh-largest city in the state. Known as the "City of Presidents", Quincy is the birthplace of two U.S. presidents—John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams—as well as John Hancock, the first signer of the Declaration of Independence and the first and third governor of Massachusetts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Francis Adams Sr.</span> American historical editor, writer, politician, and diplomat (1807–1886)

Charles Francis Adams Sr. was an American historical editor, writer, politician, and diplomat. As United States Minister to the United Kingdom during the American Civil War, Adams was crucial to Union efforts to prevent British recognition of the Confederate States of America and maintain European neutrality to the utmost extent. Adams also featured in national and state politics before and after the Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adams political family</span> Politically influential family in U.S. history

The Adams family was a prominent political family in the United States from the late 18th through the early 20th centuries. Based in eastern Massachusetts, they formed part of the Boston Brahmin community. The family traces to Henry Adams of Barton St David, Somerset, in England. The two presidents and their descendants are also descended from John Alden, who came to the United States on the Mayflower.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brooks Adams</span> American historian and political scientist (1848–1927)

Peter Chardon Brooks Adams was an American attorney, historian, political scientist and a critic of capitalism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park</span> Historic district in Texas, U.S.

Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park in central Texas about 50 miles (80 km) west of Austin in the Texas Hill Country. The park protects the birthplace, home, ranch, and grave of Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th president of the United States. During Johnson's administration, the LBJ Ranch was known as the Texas White House because the President spent approximately 20% of his time in office there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Adams Birthplace</span> Historic house in Massachusetts, United States

The John Adams Birthplace is a historic house at 133 Franklin Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. It is the saltbox home in which Founding Father and second president of the United States, John Adams, was born in 1735. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is now administered by the National Park Service as part of the Adams National Historical Park, and is open for guided tours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Quincy Adams Birthplace</span> Historic house in Massachusetts, United States

The John Quincy Adams Birthplace is a historic house at 141 Franklin Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. It is the saltbox home in which the sixth United States President, John Quincy Adams, was born in 1767. The family lived in this home during the time John Adams helped found the United States with his work on the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolutionary War. His own birthplace is only 75 feet (23 m) away, on the same property.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United First Parish Church</span> Historic church in Massachusetts, United States

United First Parish Church is an American Unitarian Universalist congregation in Quincy, Massachusetts, established as the parish church of Quincy in 1639. The current building was constructed in 1828 by noted Boston stonecutter Abner Joy to designs by Alexander Parris. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 30, 1970, for its association with the Adams family, who funded its construction and whose most significant members are interred here.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peacefield</span> Home of U.S. presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams

Peacefield, also called Peace field or Old House, is a historic home formerly owned by the Adams family of Quincy, Massachusetts. It was the home of United States Founding Father and U.S. president John Adams and First Lady Abigail Adams, and of U.S. president John Quincy Adams and his First Lady, Louisa Adams. It is now part of the Adams National Historical Park.

Adams House may refer to:

The Mendi Bible is a Bible presented to John Quincy Adams in 1841 by a group of freed Mendi captives who had mutinied on the schooner La Amistad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Adams</span> Founding Father, 2nd president of the United States

John Adams was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain. During the latter part of the Revolutionary War and in the early years of the new nation, he served the U.S. government as a senior diplomat in Europe. Adams was the first person to hold the office of vice president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. He was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with important contemporaries, including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams and his friend and political rival Thomas Jefferson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hancock Cemetery</span> Historic cemetery in Massachusetts, United States

Hancock Cemetery is a historic cemetery on the Hancock Adams Common, across from the United First Parish Church, in Quincy, Massachusetts, United States. It is named after Reverend John Hancock (1702–1744), father of Founding Father John Hancock.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quincy political family</span>

The Quincy family was a prominent political family in Massachusetts from the mid-17th century through to the early 20th century. It is connected to the Adams political family through Abigail Adams.

John Adams Sr., also known as Deacon John, was a British-North American colonial farmer and minister. Adams was the father of the second U.S. president, John Adams Jr., and paternal grandfather of the sixth president, John Quincy Adams. He was the son of Joseph Adams Jr. (1654–1737), the grandson of Joseph Adams (1626–1694), and the great-grandson of Henry Adams, who emigrated from Braintree, Essex, in England to Massachusetts Bay Colony in about 1638. His other ancestors include John and Priscilla Alden. Adams worked as a farmer and cobbler for most of his life.

The Civil War Trust's Civil War Discovery Trail is a heritage tourism program that links more than 600 U.S. Civil War sites in more than 30 states. The program is one of the White House Millennium Council's sixteen flagship National Millennium Trails. Sites on the trail include battlefields, museums, historic sites, forts and cemeteries.

Wilhelmina Sellers Harris was an American historian and writer. Harris’s connection to American history began in 1920 when she was hired as social secretary to Brooks Adams and his wife, Evelyn. Adams was the last descendant of U.S. Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams to live in the family home, Peacefield, also known as the Old House, in Quincy, Massachusetts. Harris lived and worked with them for almost seven years.

References

  1. "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
  2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  3. See account of the house in a tribute by Thomas Boylston Adams to the National Park Service superintendent for the property, Wilhelmina Harris at her 1987 retirement. Hon. Brian J. Donnelly submitted it August 5, 1987 to the Congressional Record, U.S.A, The 100th Congress, First Session, Vol. 133-Part 16, July 30, 1987-August 6, 1987
  4. Collections - Adams National Historical park
  5. http://amistad.mysticseaport.org/library/news/nyjc/1841.11.27.mendisdepart.html Archived August 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  6. Nadolski, David (2022-02-15). The Con and the FBI Agent: An Unlikely Alliance. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-1-5381-5960-6.
  7. Miller, Laura A. "Things Kept and Cherished: A History of Adams National Historical Park". National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Northeast Region History Program, October 2020, p.214. https://www.oah.org/site/assets/files/10217/adam_admin_final.pdf
  8. AP News, 03/25/1998 "Adams Estate Theft Suspect Indicted".
  9. AP News, 03/25/1998 "Adams Estate Theft Suspect Indicted".
  10. "Adams National Historic Site" (PDF). National Park Service. 2009-10-17.

Further reading