Lewis and Clark National Historical Park

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Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks
Fort Clatsop replica 2007.jpg
Fort Clatsop replica built in 2007
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Location Clatsop County, Oregon and Pacific County, Washington, USA
Nearest city Astoria, Oregon
Coordinates 46°8′1″N123°52′39″W / 46.13361°N 123.87750°W / 46.13361; -123.87750 Coordinates: 46°8′1″N123°52′39″W / 46.13361°N 123.87750°W / 46.13361; -123.87750
Area3,303 acres (13.37 km2) [1]
EstablishedMay 29, 1958
Visitors293,356(in 2017) [2]
Governing body National Park Service
Website Lewis and Clark National Historical Park
Fort Clatsop and the Salt Works
Area125 acres (51 ha)
Built1805
Architect Capt. William Clark
NRHP reference No. 66000640
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966 [3]

The Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (including the former Fort Clatsop National Memorial), located in the vicinity of the mouth of the Columbia River, commemorates the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Administration of the park, which includes both federal and state lands, is a cooperative effort of the National Park Service and the states of Oregon and Washington. The National Historical Park was dedicated on November 12, 2004.

Contents

After reaching the Pacific Ocean, the Corps of Discovery camped at Fort Clatsop in the winter of 1805–1806. The park features a replica of the fort and a nearby visitor center. Also included in the park are several sites on the north bank of the river in Washington and other sites in Oregon.

Lewis and Clark National Historical Park

This map outside the Lewis and Clark National Historical Park visitor center points visitors to the various historical landmarks within the park, including the reconstructed Fort Clatsop. Map of Lewis and Clark National Historic Park.JPG
This map outside the Lewis and Clark National Historical Park visitor center points visitors to the various historical landmarks within the park, including the reconstructed Fort Clatsop.

The federal park began as Fort Clatsop National Memorial which was established on May 29, 1958. The memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. On October 30, 2004, it was redesignated Lewis and Clark National Historical Park with expanded jurisdiction over multiple sites, [4] including:

Oregon State Parks

Southern view of the coast from Ecola State Park. Haystack Rock can be seen in the distance. Ecola State Park Haystack Rock.JPG
Southern view of the coast from Ecola State Park. Haystack Rock can be seen in the distance.

Ecola State Park

Ecola State Park was the site of the Corps of Discovery's 1806 trek over difficult terrain to see a beached whale. Today, it features several miles of hiking trails through old-growth forest and several beaches. Haystack Rock and the Needles are visible from many sites in the park.

Fort Stevens State Park

Fort Stevens, with its 3,700-acre (1,500 ha) park, offers exploration of history, nature, and recreational opportunities. The fort was the Oregon component of the three-fort Harbor Defense Command area at the mouth of the Columbia River (Fort Canby and Fort Columbia were the other two).

Sunset Beach State Recreation Site

Sunset Beach is the terminus of the Fort To Sea Trail, which begins in Fort Clatsop. Sunset Beach also provides visitors with direct access to the Pacific Ocean with expansive views from Cape Disappointment to the north and Tillamook Head to the south.

Washington State Parks

South end of Cape Disappointment and its lighthouse Cape Disappointment and Cape Disappointment Light.jpg
South end of Cape Disappointment and its lighthouse

Cape Disappointment State Park

Cape Disappointment State Park, formerly known as Fort Canby State Park, is a 1,882-acre (762 ha) camping park on Cape Disappointment on the Long Beach Peninsula, fronted by the Pacific Ocean. The park offers 27 miles (43 km) of ocean beach, two lighthouses, an interpretive center, hiking trails, and the remains of Fort Canby. The Cape Disappointment Historic District was listed on the National Register on August 15, 1975.

Fort Columbia State Park

Fort Columbia State Park preserves Fort Columbia, a coastal artillery post along the north side of the Columbia river outlet. At 593 acres (240 ha), the park includes an interpretive center focused on the fort and regional history.

Chinook Point, the site from which an American captain, Robert Gray, first saw the Columbia River, is part of the park. His explorations gave the United States a strong position in its later territorial contests with Great Britain. [5] Chinook Point was named a National Historic Landmark in 1961.

See also

Notes

  1. "Listing of acreage as of December 31, 2010" (PDF). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
  2. "National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics". National Park Service. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  3. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  4. 1 2 "Rep. Baird, Conservation Fund Announce Sale of Dismal Nitch for Lewis & Clark National Historic Park" (Press release). Rep. Brian Baird. December 5, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-12. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
  5. "About Captain Robert Gray". Garibaldi Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-06-23. Retrieved 2011-07-01.

Related Research Articles

Clatsop County, Oregon U.S. county in Oregon

Clatsop County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 37,039. The county seat is Astoria. The county is named for the Clatsop tribe of Native Americans, who lived along the coast of the Pacific Ocean prior to European settlement.

Cannon Beach, Oregon City in Oregon, United States

Cannon Beach is a city in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,690 at the 2010 census. Cannon Beach is a popular coastal tourist destination in Oregon, famous for Haystack Rock, a 235 ft (72 m) sea stack that juts out along the Pacific Coast. In 2013, National Geographic listed Cannon Beach as "one of the world’s 100 most beautiful places."

The Confluence Project is a series of outdoor installations and interpretive artworks located in public parks along the Columbia River and its tributaries in the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. Each art installation explores the confluence of history, culture and ecology of the Columbia River system. The project draws on the region's history, including Native American traditional stories and entries from the Lewis and Clark Expedition journals, to "evoke a landscape and a way of life submerged in time and memory." The project reaches from the mouth of the Columbia River to Hells Canyon.

Oregon Coast

The Oregon Coast is a coastal region of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to its west and the Oregon Coast Range to the east, and stretches approximately 362 miles (583 km) from the California state border in the south to the Columbia River in the north. The region is not a specific geological, environmental, or political entity, and includes the Columbia River Estuary.

American Discovery Trail Long-distance hiking trail across the United States

The American Discovery Trail is a system of recreational trails and roads which collectively form a coast-to-coast hiking and biking trail across the mid-tier of the United States. Horses can also be ridden on most of this trail. The coastal trailheads are the Delmarva Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the northern California coast on the Pacific Ocean. The trail has northern and southern alternates for part of its distance, passing through Chicago and St. Louis respectively. The total length of the trail including both the north and south routes is 6,800 miles (10,944 km). The northern route covers 4,834 miles (7,780 km) with the southern route covering 5,057 miles (8,138 km). It is the only non-motorized coast-to-coast trail.

Fort Clatsop United States historic place

Fort Clatsop was the encampment of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the Oregon Country near the mouth of the Columbia River during the winter of 1805-1806. Located along the Lewis and Clark River at the north end of the Clatsop Plains approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Astoria, the fort was the last encampment of the Corps of Discovery, before embarking on their return trip east to St. Louis.

Clatsop

The Clatsop are a small tribe of Chinookan-speaking Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. In the early 19th century they inhabited an area of the northwestern coast of present-day Oregon from the mouth of the Columbia River south to Tillamook Head, Oregon.

Tillamook Head High promontory on Oregon coast, U.S.

Tillamook Head is a high promontory on the Pacific coast of northwest Oregon in the United States. It is located in west-central Clatsop County, approximately 5 mi (8 km) southwest of Seaside. The promontory forms a steep rocky bluff on the ocean, approximately 1,200 ft high, forested with Sitka spruce. It is located in Ecola State Park.

Fort Stevens (Oregon) Former U.S. military installation in Hammond, Oregon, in use from 1863-1947; now a park

Fort Stevens was an American military installation that guarded the mouth of the Columbia River in the state of Oregon. Built near the end of the American Civil War, it was named for a slain Civil War general and former Washington Territory governor, Isaac I. Stevens. The fort was an active military reservation from 1863–1947. It is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Fort Columbia State Park

Fort Columbia State Park is a public recreation area and historic preserve at the site of former Fort Columbia, located on Chinook Point at the mouth of the Columbia River in Chinook, Washington. The 618-acre (250 ha) state park features twelve historic wood-frame fort buildings as well as an interpretive center and hiking trails. The park's grounds are located over a tunneled section of U.S. Route 101.

Ecola State Park

Ecola State Park is a state park located approximately 3 miles north of Cannon Beach in Clatsop County in the U.S. state of Oregon on the Oregon Coast. It is administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department.

Cape Disappointment State Park State park in Washington state, US

Cape Disappointment State Park is a public recreation area on Cape Disappointment, located southwest of Ilwaco, Washington, on the bottom end of Long Beach Peninsula, the northern headlands where the Columbia River meets the Pacific Ocean. The state park's 2,023 acres (819 ha) encompass a diverse landscape of old-growth forest, freshwater lakes, freshwater and saltwater marshes, and oceanside tidelands. Park sites include Fort Canby, the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, North Head Lighthouse, and Cape Disappointment Lighthouse. Cape Disappointment is one of several state parks and sites in Washington and Oregon that are included in Lewis and Clark National Historical Park.

Long Beach Peninsula

The Long Beach Peninsula is an arm of land on the southern coast of the state of Washington in the United States. Entirely within Pacific County, it is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the south by the Columbia River, and the east by Willapa Bay. Leadbetter Point State Park and Willapa National Wildlife Refuge are at the northern end of the peninsula and Cape Disappointment is at the southern end, with Pacific Pines State Park located in between.

Lewis and Clark State Recreation Site

Lewis and Clark State Recreation Site is a state park in eastern Multnomah County, Oregon, near Troutdale and Corbett, and is administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. It is located on the Sandy River, near its confluence with the Columbia River. Broughton's Bluff marks the westernmost extent of the Columbia River Gorge at the site.

Sunset Beach, Oregon Unincorporated community in Oregon, United States

Sunset Beach is a small unincorporated community located between the cities of Seaside and Warrenton in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Sunset Beach is located between U.S. Route 101, Neacoxie Lake and the Pacific Ocean. It serves as the northernmost access to the resort community of Surf Pines, and provides motor vehicle beach access. The "Fort to Sea Trail", which follows the route used by the Lewis and Clark Expedition when hiking from Fort Clatsop to the Pacific Ocean, ends at the beach access. A beach of the same name is west of the community.

State Route 100 (SR 100) is a 4.68-mile-long (7.53 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Washington, serving Cape Disappointment State Park in Pacific County. The highway travels counterclockwise from U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in Ilwaco south to Cape Disappointment and north to an intersection with itself in Ilwaco. SR 100, part of the Lewis and Clark Trail Scenic Byway, serves as a loop route and has a spur route that serves the state park and a Coast Guard station. SR 100 was established in 1991 on the existing North Head Road, which was a paved county road by the late 1950s. The highway was washed away during a 1994 winter storm and had its spur route shortened in 2006.

Sunset Beach State Recreation Site

Sunset Beach State Recreation Site is a state park in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States, administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. The park comprises 120 acres (49 ha) along the Pacific Ocean on the Clatsop Plains.

Arch Cape, Oregon Unincorporated community in Oregon, United States

Arch Cape is an unincorporated community in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Named for the natural arch in the coastal rocks and the headland (cape) that extends into the Pacific Ocean, it is located along the Pacific coast, approximately four miles south of Cannon Beach, between Hug Point State Recreation Site to the north and Oswald West State Park to the south.

Dismal Nitch is the name of a cove along the lower Columbia River in Washington state, notable as the Lewis and Clark Expedition's last campsite before sighting the Pacific Ocean. Today it is a rest stop on the Washington State Route 401 highway just east of the Astoria–Megler Bridge and is affiliated with Lewis and Clark National Historical Park.

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