Berkelium(III) fluoride

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Berkelium(III) fluoride
Kristallstruktur Yttrium(III)-fluorid.png
Names
Other names
berkelium trifluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • InChI=1S/Bk.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
    Key: DAFXIOTWBMWEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • [Bk+3].[F-].[F-].[F-]
Properties
BkF3
Molar mass 304 g·mol−1
Appearanceyellow-green solid
Density 9.70 g/cm3
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Berkelium tetrafluoride
Einsteinium fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Berkelium(III) fluoride is a binary inorganic compound of berkelium and fluorine with the chemical formula BkF
3. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Synthesis

The compound can be prepared by treating Bk
2O
3 with a gaseous mixture of H
2 and HF at 600 °C. [4]

Physical properties

Berkelium trifluoride forms a yellow-green solid with two structures. [5] At low temperature, it is orthorhombic (YF
3 structure), with lattice parameters a = 670 pm, b = 709 pm, and c = 441 pm. At high temperature, it is trigonal (LaF
3 structure), with lattice parameters a = 697 pm and c = 714 pm. The transition temperature of BkF
3 is between 350 and 600 °C. [6] [7]

Chemical properties

Berkelium trifluoride is reduced by lithium to obtain metallic berkelium:

BkF3 + 3Li → Bk + 3LiF

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium</span> Chemical element, symbol Bk and atomic number 97

Berkelium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949. Berkelium was the fifth transuranium element discovered after neptunium, plutonium, curium and americium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curium</span> Chemical element, symbol Cm and atomic number 96

Curium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This transuranic actinide element was named after eminent scientists Marie and Pierre Curie, both known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally made by the team of Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso in 1944, using the cyclotron at Berkeley. They bombarded the newly discovered element plutonium with alpha particles. This was then sent to the Metallurgical Laboratory at University of Chicago where a tiny sample of curium was eventually separated and identified. The discovery was kept secret until after the end of World War II. The news was released to the public in November 1947. Most curium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains ~20 grams of curium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plutonium hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Plutonium hexafluoride is the highest fluoride of plutonium, and is of interest for laser enrichment of plutonium, in particular for the production of pure plutonium-239 from irradiated uranium. This isotope of plutonium is needed to avoid premature ignition of low-mass nuclear weapon designs by neutrons produced by spontaneous fission of plutonium-240.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Californium compounds</span>

Few compounds of californium have been made and studied. The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). The element forms a water-soluble chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and sulfate and is precipitated as a fluoride, oxalate or hydroxide. If problems of availability of the element could be overcome, then CfBr2 and CfI2 would likely be stable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium compounds</span> Any chemical compound having at least one berkelium atom

Berkelium forms a number of chemical compounds, where it normally exists in an oxidation state of +3 or +4, and behaves similarly to its lanthanide analogue, terbium. Like all actinides, berkelium easily dissolves in various aqueous inorganic acids, liberating gaseous hydrogen and converting into the trivalent oxidation state. This trivalent state is the most stable, especially in aqueous solutions, but tetravalent berkelium compounds are also known. The existence of divalent berkelium salts is uncertain and has only been reported in mixed lanthanum chloride-strontium chloride melts. Aqueous solutions of Bk3+ ions are green in most acids. The color of the Bk4+ ions is yellow in hydrochloric acid and orange-yellow in sulfuric acid. Berkelium does not react rapidly with oxygen at room temperature, possibly due to the formation of a protective oxide surface layer; however, it reacts with molten metals, hydrogen, halogens, chalcogens and pnictogens to form various binary compounds. Berkelium can also form several organometallic compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Californium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Californium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound, a salt with a chemical formula CfBr3. Like in californium oxide (Cf2O3) and other californium halides, including californium(III) fluoride (CfF3), californium(III) chloride, and californium(III) iodide (CfI3), the californium atom has an oxidation state of +3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium(IV) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Berkelium(IV) oxide, also known as berkelium dioxide, is a chemical compound with the formula BkO2. This compound slowly decays to californium(IV) oxide. It can be converted to berkelium(III) oxide by hydrogen reduction at 600 °C.

Curium compounds are compounds containing the element curium (Cm). Curium usually forms compounds in the +3 oxidation state, although compounds with curium in the +4, +5 and +6 oxidation states are also known.

Curium(III) bromide is the bromide salt of curium. It has an orthorhombic crystal structure.

Einsteinium compounds are compounds that contain the element einsteinium (Es). These compounds largely have einsteinium in the +3 oxidation state, or in some cases in the +2 and +4 oxidation states. Although einsteinium is relatively stable, with half-lives ranging from 20 days upwards, these compounds have not been studied in great detail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Berkelium(III) chloride also known as berkelium trichloride, is a chemical compound with the formula BkCl3. It is a water-soluble green salt with a melting point of 603 °C. This compound forms the hexahydrate, BkCl3·6H2O.

Americium compounds are compounds containing the element americium (Am). These compounds can form in the +2, +3, and +4, although the +3 oxidation state is the most common. The +5, +6 and +7 oxidation states have also been reported.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Berkelium tetrafluoride is a binary inorganic compound of berkelium and fluorine with the chemical formula BkF4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Californium(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Californium(III) fluoride is a binary inorganic compound of californium and fluorine with the formula CfF
3

Californium(III) oxide is a binary inorganic compound of californium and oxygen with the formula Cf
2O
3. It is one of the first obtained solid compounds of californium, synthesized in 1958.

Californium(II) iodide is a binary inorganic compound of californium and iodine with the formula CfI
2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium(III) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Berkelium(III) oxide is a binary inorganic compound of berkelium and oxygen with the chemical formula Bk
2O
3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Berkelium bromide is a bromide of berkelium, with the chemical formula BkBr3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curium(IV) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Curium(IV) fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of curium and fluorine with the chemical formula CmF4.

Einsteinium fluoride is a binary inorganic chemical compound of einsteinium and fluorine with the chemical formula EsF3.

References

  1. ↑ Peterson, J. R.; Cunningham, B. B. (1 August 1968). "Crystal structures and lattice parameters of the compounds of berkelium—IV berkelium trifluoride". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry . 30 (7): 1775–1784. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(68)80353-7. ISSN   0022-1902 . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  2. ↑ Edelstein, Norman M. (11 September 2013). Actinides in Perspective: Proceedings of the Actinides—1981 Conference, Pacific Grove, California, USA, 10-15 September 1981. Elsevier. p. 334. ISBN   978-1-4831-9051-8 . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  3. ↑ "WebElements Periodic Table » Berkelium » berkelium trifluoride". webelements.com. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  4. ↑ Mi͡asoedov, Boris Fedorovich (1974). Analytical Chemistry of Transplutonium Elements. Wiley. p. 97. ISBN   978-0-470-62715-0 . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  5. ↑ Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K. W.; Brown, D. (7 June 2016). The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 161. ISBN   978-1-4831-5934-8 . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  6. ↑ Peterson, J. R.; Fahey, J. A.; Baybarz, R. D. (1 October 1971). "The crystal structures and lattice parameters of berkelium metal". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry . 33 (10): 3345–3351. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(71)80656-5. ISSN   0022-1902 . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  7. ↑ Ensor, D. D.; Peterson, J. R.; Haire, R. G.; Young, J. P. (1 January 1981). "Absorption spectrophotometric study of berkelium(III) and (IV) fluorides in the solid state". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry . 43 (5): 1001–1003. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(81)80164-9. ISSN   0022-1902 . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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