List of Burmese dishes

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The following is a list of dishes found in Burmese cuisine. Burmese cuisine [1] includes dishes from various regions of Burma (now officially known as Myanmar). The diversity of Myanmar's cuisine has also been contributed to by the myriad of local ethnic minorities. The Bamars are the most dominant group, but other groups including the Chin people also have distinct cuisines. Burmese cuisine is characterized by extensive use of fish products like fish sauce and ngapi (fermented seafood). Owing to the geographic location of Myanmar, Burmese cuisine has been influenced by Chinese cuisine, Indian cuisine and Thai cuisine.

Contents

Burmese salads

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Bazun thoke ပုစွန်သုပ်Pickled prawn salad.
Gyin thoke ချင်းသုပ်Ginger salad with sesame seeds and assorted fried beans.
Khauk swè thoke ခေါက်ဆွဲသုပ် Khauk swe thoke.jpg Wheat noodle salad with dried shrimps, shredded cabbage and carrots, dressed with fried peanut oil, fish sauce and lime.
Htamin thoke ထမင်းသုပ်Rice salad with tomato puree, potato, glass noodle, toasted chickpea flour, crushed toasted dried fermented beancake,crushed dried shrimp, crushed dried chilli, garlic and dressed with cooked peanut oil, fish sauce, lime or tamarind and coriander.
Let thoke sone လက်သုပ်စုံ (အသုပ်စုံ)Similar to htamin thoke with shredded green papaya, shredded carrot, ogonori sea moss and often wheat noodles.
Nan gyi thoke [2] နန်းကြီးသုပ် Nangyithohk.gif Thick rice noodle salad with chickpea flour, chicken, fish cake (nga hpe), onions, coriander, spring onions, crushed dried chilli, dressed with fried crispy onion oil, fish sauce and lime.
Nanbyagyi thoke နန်းပြားသုပ်As above with tagliatelle.
Shauk thi thoke ရှောက်သီးသုပ်Sliced lemon or kaffir lime (no pith or rind), toasted chickpea flour, crushed roasted peanut, crushed dried shrimp, crushed dried chilli, baked fish paste, cooked oil with onions (often served with kya zan hinga).
Samuza thoke စမူဆာသုပ် Samosa salad.jpg IndianSamosa salad with onions, cabbage, fresh mint, potato curry, masala, chili powder, salt and lime.
Lahpet thokeလက်ဖက်သုပ် Lahpet thohk.JPG ShanA salad of pickled tea leaves with fried peas, peanuts and garlic, toasted sesame, fresh garlic, tomato, green chili, crushed dried shrimps, preserved ginger and dressed with peanut oil, fish sauce and lime.
Nga baung thoke ငါးပေါင်းသုပ်MonMixed vegetables and prawn, wrapped in morinda leaves and banana leaves outside.
Kya zan thoke ကြာဆံသုပ်RakhineGlass vermicelli salad with boiled prawn julien and mashed curried duck eggs and potatoes.
Thayet chin thoke သရက်ချဉ်သုပ် Thayet chin thouk.JPG Fermented green mango salad with onions, green chilli, roasted peanuts, sesame and peanut oil.
Thinbaw thi thoke သင်္ဘောသီးသုပ် Som tam thai.JPG Shan and ThaiPapaya salad of shredded papaya, mixed with ground dried shrimp, onions, and fried garlic; tossed in garlic oil, lemon juice, and a little hot chili pepper.
Tofu thoke တိုဟူးသုပ် Tophu thoke.JPG ShanFresh yellow tofu, cut into small rectangular slices, dressed and garnished with peanut oil, dark soy sauce, rice vinegar, toasted crushed dried chilli, crushed garlic, crushed roasted peanuts, crisp-fried onions, and coriander.

Bamar-influenced

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Mohinga မုန့်ဟင်းခါး IMG Mohinga.JPG The unofficial national dish of rice vermicelli in fish broth with onions, garlic, ginger, lemon grass and sliced tender core of banana-stem, served with boiled eggs, fried fish cake (nga hpe) and fritters (akyaw).
Kat kyi hnyat ကပ်ကြေးညှပ်‌ Kat kyi hnyat.JPG Dawei, MyeikLit. 'cut with scissors', a southern coastal dish (from the Dawei area) of rice noodles with a variety of seafood, land meats, raw bean sprouts, beans and fried eggs comparable to pad thai.
Kya yoe hingaကြာရိုးဟင်းခါးLotus roots in clear chicken or fish broth.
Kyar zan hinga ကြာဆံဟင်းခါး glass noodle soup with dried shrimp, wood-ear mushrooms, egg, dried flowers, onions.
Ngapi jetငါးပိချက်Fermented spicy fish paste or salted fish curried with onions, tomatoes, garlic, chilli and coriander served with to za ya, vegetables fresh or boiled, on the side.
Ngapi gyawငါးပိကြော် Ngapi kyaw.JPG Fried version with dried shrimp, onions, garlic and dried chilli.
Hsi htamin ဆီထမင်း Si damin.JPG Glutinous rice cooked with turmeric and onions in peanut oil, and served with toasted sesame and crisp fried onions, a popular breakfast like kao hnyin baung and ngacheik paung.

Chinese-inspired

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Kyay oh ကြေးအိုး Kyay oh.JPG Chinese (from quetayong)Vermicelli noodles in soup with pork offal and greens.
Be kin ဘဲကင် Bebek panggang roast duck.JPG ChineseRoasted duck.
Hpet htoke ဖက်ထုပ် Wontons.JPG ChineseLit. leaf wrap, of meat, pastry paper, ginger, garlic, pepper powder, salt. Usually served with soup or with noodles.
Htamin gyaw ထမင်း‌ကြော် Htamin jaw.JPG ChineseFried rice with boiled peas (pè byouk).
Kaw yay khauk swèကော်‌ရည်ခေါက်ဆွဲ Kaw yay khauk swe.jpg Sino-BurmeseNoodles and curried duck (or pork) in broth with eggs.
Mi swun မီဆွမ်ChineseVery soft rice noodles, known as Mee suah in Singapore and Malaysia. It is a popular option for invalids, usually with chicken broth.
Panthay khauk swèပန်းသေးခေါက်ဆွဲ Panthay khauk swe.JPG Chinese Halal noodles with chicken and spices, often served by the Muslim Panthay Chinese.
Pauk see ပေါက်‌စီ Nikuman.jpg ChineseSteamed buns filled with either pork and egg or sweet bean paste.
San byoke ဆန်ပြုတ် Chinese rice congee.jpg ChineseRice congee with fish, chicken or duck often fed to invalids.
Si gyet khauk swè ဆီချက်ခေါက်ဆွဲ Sigyet khauk swe.JPG ChineseWheat noodles with duck or pork, fried garlic oil, soy sauce and chopped spring onions. It is considered an 'identity dish' of Myanmar and Burmese Chinese, as it is not available in other Chinese cuisines. Sarawak's Kolok mee is a bit similar.
Wet tha doke htoeဝက်သားတုတ်ထိုး Pork Stick (Yangon Street Food - Myanmar).jpg ChinesePork offal cooked in light soy sauce. Eaten with raw ginger and chilli sauce.

Indian-inspired

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Chapati ချပါတီ Fried chapati with pebyouk.JPG IndianFried chapati, crispy and blistered, with boiled peas (pè-byohk), a popular breakfast next to nan bya.
Danbauk ဒံပေါက်‌ Dan pauk.JPG IndianBurmese-style biryani with either chicken or mutton served with mango pickle, fresh mint and green chili.
Htat tayaထပ်တစ်ရာIndianLit. "a hundred layers", fried flaky multilayered paratha with either a sprinkle of sugar or pè byouk.
Htawbat htaminထောပတ်ထမင်းIndianLiterally "butter rice," rice made with butter and mostly eaten with chicken curry.
Nan bya နံပြား Naan bya with mutton soup.JPG IndianBurmese style naan buttered or with pè byouk, also with mutton soup.
Palata ပလာတာ Palatha, Myanmar.jpg IndianBurmese style paratha with egg or mutton.
Samusaစမူဆာ Samusa.JPG IndianBurmese-style samosa with mutton and onions served with fresh mint, green chilli,onions and lime.
Kyit SaraIndianSemolina chicken or meat paste, Chicken or meat is boiled or cooked and removed all the bones and skin. It is then mixed with Semolina and dhal. Nowadays the mixture is easily put into the grinder and ground. But originally it was put in the big pot, stirred and pounded using a big ladle with a rounded lower edge. Once it turns into a thick paste it is sprinkled with cinnamon powder and deep-fried onion. Not only it is tasty but it is highly nutritious and easily digestible.
Shai Mai or Sa WaiIndianRoasted Seviyan Kheer boiled in sweet milk, served with fried cashews, raisins and coconut shreds.
Theezohn Chinyay Hin IndianAdaptation of South Indian Sambar, lit. vegetable all- sorts sour broth, with drumstick, lady's finger, egg plant, green beans, potato, onions, ginger, dried chilli, boiled egg, dried salted fish, fish paste and tamarind.

Kachin-inspired

English nameBurmese nameImageOriginDescription
Kachin-style chicken curry Chyet Kachin chetKachinKachin-style chicken curry is cooked with a variety of local herbs. The Kachin usually cook this dish without oil for health reasons.
Kachin pounded beef Kachin ametar chyawk thawngKachinKachin pounded beef with herbs. The dish is unusual in that the beef is boiled, then fried, and then pounded in a mortar with spices, local mints, Sichuan pepper, chillies, garlic, and ginger.

Rakhine-inspired

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Mont di မုန့်တီ Rakhinemontdi.JPG RakhineA popular and economical fast food dish where rice vermicelli are either eaten with some condiments and soup prepared from nga-pi, or as a salad with powdered fish and some condiments. The daggertooth pike conger, called nga-shwe in Arakanese and Burmese, is the fish of choice.
Ngapi daungငါးပိထောင်းRakhineAn extremely spicy condiment made from pounded ngapi and green chilli.
Khayan thee nga chauk chetခရမ်းသီးငါးခြောက်ချက်RakhineBrinjal cooked lightly with a small amount of oil, with dried fish and chilli.

Shan-inspired

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Shan khauk swè ရှမ်းခေါက်ဆွဲ IMG Shanhkaukswe.JPG ShanRice noodles with chicken or minced pork, onions, garlic, tomatoes, chili, crushed roasted peanuts, young vine of mangetout, served with tohu jaw or tohu nway and pickled mustard greens (monnyinjin).
Htamin jin ထမင်းချဉ် Inle dish.jpg ShanA rice, tomato and potato or fish salad kneaded into round balls dressed and garnished with crisp fried onion in oil, tamarind sauce, coriander and spring onions often with garlic, Chinese chives roots (ju myit), fried whole dried chili, grilled dried fermented beancakes (pè bouk) and fried dried topu (topu jauk kyaw) on the side.
Meeshay မြီးရှေ‌ Meeshei.JPG Shan.rice noodles with pork or chicken, bean sprouts, rice flour gel, rice flour fritters, dressed with soy sauce, salted soybean, rice vinegar, fried peanut oil, chilli oil, and garnished with crisp fried onions, crushed garlic, coriander, and pickled white radish OR mustard greens
Shan tohu ရှမ်းတိုဟူး Plate of Hnapyan Gyaw (Hpaungdaw U Pagoda, Inle Lake, Shan States, Myanmar).JPG ShanA type of tofu made from chickpea flour or yellow split pea eaten as fritters (tohpu jaw) or in a salad (tohpu thohk), also eaten hot before it sets as tohu byawk aka tohu nway and as fried dried tohpu (tohu jauk kyaw).
Wet tha chinဝက်သားချဉ်ShanPreserved minced pork in rice.
Wet tha hmyit chinဝက်သားမျှစ်ချဉ်ShanPork with sour bamboo shoots.
Kauk hnyin baung ကောက်ညှင်းပေါင်း Kao hnyin baung - cooked glutinous rice with fried fish on a banana leaf.jpg ShanCooked glutinous rice with meat on a banana leaf.
Hin thoteဟင်းထုပ် Wet tha hin htote.JPG ShanSteamed meat and flour in banana leaves.

Mon-inspired

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Thingyan htaminသင်္ကြန်ထမင်း Thingyan Hta Min.jpg MonFully boiled rice in candle-smelt jasmine water served with mango salad and fried dried-prawn.
Wet mohinga ရေစိမ်မုန့်ဟင်းခါးMonLike mohinga but vermicelli is served while wet.

Karen inspired

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Talabaw တာလပေါ Talabaw (cropped).jpg KarenPrimary ingredient is bamboo shoots, with a small amount of rice and some shreds of meat or seafood. [3] [4] [5] [6] One of the most well known soups in Myanmar, and widely considered to be the essential dish of Karen cuisine. [7]

Hin

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Kyar zan hin ကြာဆံဟင်း Mandalay glass noodle soup with chicken, wood-ear mushrooms, dried flowers, onions, boiled egg, garnished with coriander, thin-sliced onions, crushed dried chilli and a dash of lime.
Kalar hin ကုလားဟင်းSouth IndianA South Indian dish made of dried snakefish, radish, carrots, eggplant, and okra.
Si byan ဆီပြန် Chapati and mutton curry.JPG Dish of meat or fish with condiments cooked in oil and water until all the water is boiled off leaving the meat or fish in an oily gravy.
Cho chin gyaw ချိုချဉ်ကြော်Sweet and sour dish of meat or fish with vegetables.
A sein gyaw အစိမ်းကြော်ChineseDish of fried green vegetables with meat, cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, green beans, baby corn, cornflour or tapioca starch, tomatoes, squid sauce.

Desserts

Burmese nameBurmese scriptImageOriginDescription
Halawa ဟလဝါ Pathein, Middle East originA snack made of sticky rice, butter, coconut milk, from Indian dessert halwa. Burmese halawa is in a loose form, something like smashed potato, without baking into a hard or firmer cake in contrast to sanwin makin.
Phaluda ဖာလူဒါ Phaluda.JPG IndianSimilar to the Indian dessert falooda, rose water, milk, jello, coconut jelly, coconut shavings, sometimes served with custard and ice cream.
Shwe yin aye ရွှေရင်အေး Shweyin-aye.JPG Agar jelly, tapioca and sago in coconut milk.
Shwe gyi montရွှေကြည်မုန့်MonHardened semolina (wheat) porridge cake with poppy seeds, sugar, butter, coconut.
Sanwin makinဆနွင်းမကင်းThai Semolina (sooji) cake with raisins, walnuts and poppy seeds.
Mont let saung မုန့်လက်ဆောင်း Cendol in a Glass.JPG Shan?Tapioca balls, glutinous rice, grated coconut and toasted sesame with jaggery syrup in coconut milk.
Kyauk kyawကျောက်ကျော Agar jelly usually set in two layers with coconut milk.
Sut-hnanRakhine Millet cooked in sweet milk with raisins.
Htoe montထိုးမုန့် Mandalay Glutinous rice cake with raisins, cashews and coconut shavings.
Malaing lone မလိုင်လုံး Gulab Jamun2.jpg IndianBurmese-style gulab jamun.
Mont kalama မုန့်ကုလားမIndianToffee-like delicacy made of coconut milk, jaggery, and rice flour.
Saw hlaing montRakhineA baked sweet, made from millet, raisins, coconut and butter.
Nga pyaw thi baungRakhineBananas stewed in milk and coconut, and garnished with black sesame. Eaten either as a dish during meals, or as a dessert.
Ngapyaw baung ငှက်ပျောပေါင်း Ngapyawbaung.jpg MonBanana pudding dessert made from banana boiled in coconut milk and sugar.
Htamanè ထမနဲ Htamane.JPG MonSavory dessert made from glutinous rice, fried shredded coconuts, peanuts, sesame seeds, oil.
Duyin yoeဒူရင်းယိုMon Durian jam (Katut jam).
La mont လမုန့်ChineseAn oily disk-shaped cake filled with either sugar or sweet bean paste.
Mont lone yay paw မုန့်လုံးရေပေါ် MontLone yeibaw.JPG Glutinous rice balls with jaggery (palm sugar).
Thagu pyinသာကူပြင်MalaySago or tapioca pudding sweetened with jaggery and enriched with coconut.
Mont pyar thaletမုန့်ပျားသလက်Batter cake shaped like a honeycomb, made of rice flour with or without palm sugar syrup.
Mont kyoe leinမုန့်ကြိုးလိမ်Pretzel-like confection made of rice and bean flour.
Mont lay pwayမုန့်လေပွေThin large crispies made from glutinous rice.
Mont lin mayar or mont oke galayမုန့်လင်မယား or မုန့်အုပ်ကလေးSnack of rice flour batter fried to a hemispherical shape in a dimpled pan, and served in pairs.
Pashu mont ပသျှူးမုန့်MalayConfection of roasted glutinous rice flour mixed with sugar and coconut shreds.
Gadut montကတွတ်မုန့်IndianKind of Hindi sweetmeat in the form of a dumpling.
Bein montဘိန်းမုန့်Pancake made of rice flour, palm sugar, coconut chips, and peanuts, garnished with poppy seeds.
Khauk montခေါက်မုန့်Kind of circular pan- cake made of rice flour, palmsugar, coconut, etc. and folded to form a semicircle.
Aung bala montအောင်ဗလမုန့်Rice pancake topped with syrup.
Mont kywe theမုန့်ကျွဲသည်းPudding made of coarse rice flour boiled in palm sugar and lime water.
Yay montရေမုန့်Almost translucent sheets of rice flour folded around a filling of beans and coriander leaves.
Mont leik pyarမုန့်လိပ်ပြာThin rice dough skins with a centre filled with jaggery and coconut, and folded in squares.
Nan ka htaingနံကထိုင်IndianNankatai, an Indian cake made of saffron, flour, sugar and butter.
Ladu montလဒူမုန့် Yadagirigutta laddu.JPG IndianSweetmeat of Indian origin in the form of a ball.
Gyalabi ဂျလေဘီ Jalebi (sweet).jpg Indian Jalebi, kind of Indian sweetmeat.
Kulfee ကူလ်ဖီ Burmese kulfi.JPG IndianFrozen dessert made of milk.
Dein gyin ဒိန်ချဉ် Dein gyin.JPG Burmese style yoghurt served with jaggery syrup.
Shwe htamin ရွှေထမင်း Shwe Htamin.jpg Baked sweetened glutinous rice and jaggery and garnished with coconut shavings.
Kao hlaingti montကောက်လှိုင်းတီမုန့်A snack made of sticky rice and local violet flowers as colouring.

See also

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References

  1. Tan, Desmond, 1966- (2017). Burma Superstar : addictive recipes from the crossroads of Southeast Asia. Leahy, Kate,, Lee, John, 1971- (First ed.). Berkeley. ISBN   9781607749509. OCLC   954719901.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. Tan, D.; Leahy, K.; Lee, J. (2017). Burma Superstar: Addictive Recipes from the Crossroads of Southeast Asia. Ten Speed Press. p. 26. ISBN   978-1-60774-950-9 . Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  3. "Top Ten Kayin things to experience". The Myanmar Times . 11 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022.
  4. Kyaw, Min Ye (2018-07-17). "Ethnic recipe: Karen Tarlapaw soup". Myanmore Magazine . Retrieved 2022-12-26.
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  7. Duwun. "ကရင်မိသားစုတွေရဲ့ထမင်းဝိုင်းမှာ မပါမဖြစ်တာလပေါဟင်းတစ်ခွက်". Duwun. Retrieved 2022-12-27.