Dinitrogen trioxide

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Dinitrogen trioxide
Dinitrogen trioxide resonance hybrid Dinitrogen trioxide resonance hybrid.png
Dinitrogen trioxide resonance hybrid
Dinitrogen trioxide is blue Beautiful nitrogen trioxide2.jpg
Dinitrogen trioxide is blue
Names
IUPAC name
N-Oxonitramide [1]
Other names
  • Nitrous anhydride
  • Nitrogen sesquioxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.013 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 234-128-5
PubChem CID
UNII
UN number 2421
  • InChI=1S/N2O3/c3-1-2(4)5 Yes check.svgY
    Key: LZDSILRDTDCIQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/N2O3/c3-1-2(4)5
    Key: LZDSILRDTDCIQT-UHFFFAOYAC
  • [O-][N+](=O)N=O
Properties
N2O3
Molar mass 76.011 g·mol−1
AppearanceDeep blue liquid
Density
  • 1.447 g/cm3, liquid
  • 1.783 g/cm3, gas
Melting point −100.7 [2]  °C (−149.3 °F; 172.5 K)
Boiling point 3.5 °C (38.3 °F; 276.6 K) (dissociates [2] )
reacts to form nitrous acid
Solubility soluble in ether
−16.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
planar, Cs
2.122 D
Thermochemistry
65.3 J/(mol·K)
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
314.63 J/(mol·K)
91.20 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling: [3]
GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-skull.svg
Danger
H270, H310+H330, H314
P220, P244, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P320, P321, P322, P361, P363, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
4
0
2
OX
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Dinitrogen trioxide (also known as nitrous anhydride) is the inorganic compound with the formula N 2 O 3. It is a nitrogen oxide. It forms upon mixing equal parts of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide and cooling the mixture below −21°C (−6°F): [4]

Contents

•
NO + •
NO
2⇌N
2O
3

Dinitrogen trioxide is only isolable at low temperatures (i.e., in the liquid and solid phases). In liquid and solid states, it has a deep blue color. [2] At higher temperatures the equilibrium favors the constituent gases, with KD = 193 kPa (25°C). [5] [ clarification needed ]

This compound is sometimes called "nitrogen trioxide", but this name properly refers to another compound, the (uncharged) nitrate radical •NO3.

Structure and bonding

Dinitrogen trioxide molecule contains an N–N bond. One of the numerous resonant structures of the molecule of dinitrogen trioxide is O=N−NO2, which can be described as a nitroso group −N=O attached to a nitro group −NO2 by a single bond between the two nitrogen atoms. This isomer is considered as the "anhydride" of the unstable nitrous acid (HNO2), and produces it when mixed with water, although an alternative structure might be anticipated for the true anhydride of nitrous acid (i.e., O=N−O−N=O). This isomer can be produced from the reaction of tetrabutylammonium nitrite and triflic anhydride in dichloromethane solution at −30°C. [6]

If the nitrous acid is not then used up quickly, it decomposes into nitric oxide and nitric acid. Nitrite salts are sometimes produced by adding N2O3 to water solutions of bases:

N2O3 + 2 NaOH → 2 NaNO2 + H2O

Typically, N–N bonds are similar in length to that in hydrazine (145 pm). Dinitrogen trioxide, however, has an unusually long N–N bond at 186 pm. Some other nitrogen oxides also possess long N–N bonds, including dinitrogen tetroxide (175 pm). The N2O3 molecule is planar and exhibits Cs symmetry. The dimensions displayed on the picture below come from microwave spectroscopy of low-temperature, gaseous N2O3: [4]

Dinitrogen-trioxide-2D-geometry.png

Similar to nitronium nitrate, this molecule can also co-exist in equilibrium with an ionic gas called nitrosonium nitrite ([NO]+[NO2]–) [7]

References

  1. ↑ "Dinitrogen trioxide".
  2. 1 2 3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 444. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  3. ↑ "Dinitrogen trioxide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  4. 1 2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 521–22. ISBN   978-0-08-022057-4.
  5. ↑ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, ISBN   0-12-352651-5
  6. ↑ Reddy, G. Sudhakar; Suh, Elijah J.; Corey, E. J. (2022-06-17). "Nitrosyl Triflate and Nitrous Anhydride, Same Mode of Generation, but Very Different Reaction Pathways. Direct Synthesis of 1,2-Oxazetes, Nitroso or Bisoxazo Compounds from Olefins". Organic Letters. 24 (23): 4202–4206. doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01466. ISSN   1523-7052. PMID   35653176.
  7. ↑ Zakharov, I. I.; Zakharova, O. I. (2009-04-01). "Nitrosonium nitrite isomer of N2O3: Quantum-chemical data" . Journal of Structural Chemistry. 50 (2): 212–218. Bibcode:2009JStCh..50..212Z. doi:10.1007/s10947-009-0031-1. ISSN   1573-8779.
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