Radio in the United Kingdom

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Radio broadcasting in the United Kingdom involves around 600 licensed radio stations.

Contents

BBC Radio

This section is an excerpt from BBC Radio.[ edit ]

BBC Radio is an operational business division [1] and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927. The service provides national radio stations covering the majority of musical genres, as well as local radio stations covering local news, affairs, and interests. It also oversees online audio content. [2]

Of the national radio stations, BBC Radio 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Live are all available through analogue radio (1, 2, 3 and 4 on FM and 5 Live on MW; BBC Radio 4 additionally broadcasts on longwave [3] ) as well as on DAB Digital Radio and BBC Sounds. BBC Radio 1Xtra, 1 Dance, 1 Anthems, 3 Unwind, 4 Extra, 5 Sports Extra, 6 Music, Asian Network [a] and the World Service broadcast only on DAB and BBC Sounds.

All of the BBC's national radio stations broadcast from bases in London and Manchester, usually in or near to Broadcasting House or MediaCityUK. However, the BBC's network production units located in Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff and Glasgow also make radio programmes. [4]

Commercial radio

Also available nationally on analogue radio are two national commercial channels, namely Classic FM (FM 99.9 MHz—101.9 MHz); and Talksport (AM 1053 kHz or 1089 kHz in most areas). These stations are also available at 11D or 12A on DAB (on the Digital One multiplex). As with the BBC, digital radio has brought about many changes, including the rollout of local stations such as Radio X, Kiss and Kerrang Radio to other areas of the United Kingdom.

Commercial radio licences are awarded by Ofcom, a government body which advertises a licence for an area and holds a so-called "beauty contest" to determine which station will be granted permission to broadcast in that area. Stations submit detailed application documents containing their proposed format and the outcome of research to determine the demand for their particular style of broadcast. Original 106 was the last radio station to be granted a licence by Ofcom.[ clarification needed ]

Most local commercial stations in the United Kingdom broadcast to a city or group of towns within a radius of 20–50 miles, with a second tier of "regional" stations covering larger areas such as North West England. The predominant format is pop music, but many other tastes are also catered for, particularly in London and the larger cities, and on digital radio.

Rather than operating as independent entities, many local radio stations are owned by large radio groups which generally broadcast the same station on frequencies which used to carry local individual stations with their own station name. They broadcast as a single network with local inserts for news, weather, travel and commercials. The largest operator of radio is Global Radio which bought the former media group, GCap Media; it owns Classic FM and the Capital radio network. Other owners are Bauer Radio and News Broadcasting, which mainly own stations that broadcast in highly populated city areas.

Many of these stations, including all the BBC stations, are also available via digital television services.

Community radio

Community radio stations broadcast to a small area, normally within a 3-mile (5 km) radius, and are required by the Act to be not-for-profit organisations, owned by local people, on which the broadcasters are mostly volunteers. They are recognised under the Communications Act 2003 as a distinct third tier of radio in the United Kingdom. The community radio movement in the United Kingdom was founded in the mid-1970s, broadcasting through Restricted Service Licences, the internet and cable television.

An Access Radio pilot scheme, launched in 2002, gave fifteen stations, including Resonance FM and ALL FM, trial licences, and this has blossomed into a lively sector, overseen unofficially by the Community Media Association. [5]

The broadcasters predominantly serve an easily defined racial community such as Asian Star Radio in Slough, or a geographically defined community such as Coast FM, Speysound Radio or The Bay Radio.[ citation needed ] They can also serve religious groups, such as Christian radio station Branch FM in Yorkshire. As well as this, they can also be linked with universities and student unions who run the stations under a community licence, for example Smoke Radio in London, Demon FM in Leicester, and Spark FM in Sunderland.

Hospital radio

Radio publications

Statistics

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Asian Network broadcasts on MW in some parts of the English Midlands.

References

  1. ↑ "BBC Management Structure". 26 July 2013. BBC. Archived from the original on 15 December 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  2. ↑ BBC Audio & Music Archived 23 July 2012 at archive.today , Retrieved 18 November 2010
  3. ↑ "BBC – About Radio 4". BBC. Retrieved 2022-09-23.
  4. ↑ "BBC National Radio" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
  5. ↑ "A comparison of new British community radio stations with established Australian community radio stations". Community Broadcasting Association of Australia. 1 August 2006. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
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