U.S. President Donald Trump (behind podium right side of image), beside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (behind podium left side of image), announcing the proposal.
On September 29, 2025, United States President Donald Trump announced a new plan in a press conference at the White House alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to address the ongoing Gaza war and the broader Middle Eastern crisis. The plan is different from Trump's earlier Gaza Strip proposal, made in February 2025. It consists of 20 specific points[2] aimed at achieving a ceasefire, the return of Israeli hostages, dismantling Hamas's military capabilities, and establishing a transitional governance structure in the Gaza Strip. Trump stated that the agreement was contingent on Hamas's approval.[3][4] Trump has given Hamas a deadline to accept the proposal by October 5, 2025, or face "all hell."[5]
On October 3, 2025, in response to the proposal, Hamas agreed to release any remaining hostages in Gaza and "hand over the administration of the Gaza Strip to a Palestinian body of independent technocrats", though it did not agree to disarm or forgo influence in Gaza.[9][10] In response to a CNN reporter's question about what would happen if Hamas insisted on remaining in power, Trump said the group would face "complete obliteration".[11]
In October 2023, Hamas launched the October 7 attacks: a large-scale surprise assault on Israeli territory involving over 3,000 militants who infiltrated Israel from Gaza via multiple routes, including motorcycles, trucks, and paragliders. The attack began with thousands of rockets fired into Israel and was followed by massacres in multiple border towns, kibbutzim and in the Nova music festival. Hamas militants also took around 251 hostages and captives, including active-duty military personnel, civilians, women, children, and elderly. According to Hamas, the assault was a response to Israeli treatment of Palestinians, including the incarceration of Palestinians, actions around the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the blockade of Gaza. The assault prompted significant Israeli military retaliation, escalating into the Gaza war, which involved a large-scale invasion and bombardment of the Gaza Strip by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). According to the Gaza Health Ministry, around 65,000 people have been killed in the conflict, with a significantly higher number of casualties.[17][18][19] Israel's conduct during the Gaza war has led to a scholarly consensus that it is committing genocide in Gaza,[a] although the ICJ has yet to issue a final ruling in South Africa's genocide case against Israel.
On November 24, 2023, after a long fighting period between Israel and Hamas, a ceasefire was achieved due to efforts of Qatar, Egypt, and the United States. At first the ceasefire was meant to last 4 days with the release of 50 Israeli hostages and 150 Palestinian prisoners, while more humanitarian aid was sent into Gaza. The ceasefire was extended twice based on further hostage releases but ultimately ended on December 1 after both sides accused each other of violations.[20][21][22]
On January 19, 2025, another ceasefire between Israel and Hamas began, after an agreement reached on January 15 following months of negotiation mediated once again by the U.S., Qatar, and Egypt. The ceasefire had three stages; the first stage saw the release of 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for about 1,900 Palestinian prisoners. During that time Israeli troops withdrew from populated areas in Gaza, while humanitarian aid was sent in along with displaced Palestinians returning home. The second and third stages were designed to achieve a permanent ceasefire, in which more hostages would be released by Hamas, and Israel would release more prisoners. Israel would completely withdraw its forces and Gaza would be reconstructed. After completion of the agreement's first phase, the United States and Israel stated that Hamas refused to release additional hostages, which they say caused the collapse of the ceasefire and led to Israel launching a surprise attack on the Gaza Strip on March 18, 2025. Hamas, by contrast, accused Israel of causing the collapse of the ceasefire.[22][23][24]
Statements by Trump
At the White House press conference on September 29, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump stated that the United States would play an active role in ensuring Israel's security following the ceasefire agreement. He emphasized that if Hamas accepted the deal, all hostages, both living and deceased, would be released almost immediately. Trump also expressed his intention to end the war and noted that he was "hearing that Hamas wants to get this done."[25]
Trump further mentioned that during his meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Netanyahu had clearly opposed the establishment of a Palestinian state and criticized other countries that had "foolishly" recognized one. He added that Israel and other nations were "beyond very close" to reaching a deal to end the war, thanking Netanyahu for his efforts. Trump reiterated that the agreement would involve Arab countries and could lead to broader peace in the Middle East.[25]
Trump called the 20-point plan an "extremely fair proposal" and urged Hamas to accept it, expressing confidence that a positive response would be forthcoming, though he affirmed Israel's right to act if Hamas rejected the deal.[25]
On October 3, 2025, Trump gave Hamas a deadline of Sunday October 5, 2025, 18:00 Washington D.C. time (22:00 GMT), to accept the proposed agreement.[26]
On October 4, 2025, in an interview to CNN, Trump threatened Hamas, stating that if it refused to give up control of Gaza it would face "complete obliteration".[11]
Outline
The plan's 20 points were outlined as follows:[27]
Gaza will be a deradicalized terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to its neighbors.
Gaza will be redeveloped for the benefit of the people of Gaza, who have suffered more than enough.
If both sides agree to this proposal, the war will immediately end. Israeli forces will withdraw to the agreed upon line to prepare for a hostage release. During this time, all military operations, including aerial and artillery bombardment, will be suspended, and battle lines will remain frozen until conditions are met for the complete staged withdrawal.
Within 72 hours of Israel publicly accepting this agreement, all hostages, alive and deceased, will be returned.
Once all hostages are released, Israel will release 250 life sentence prisoners plus 1700 Gazans who were detained after October 7, 2023, including all women and children detained in that context. For every Israeli hostage whose remains are released, Israel will release the remains of 15 deceased Gazans.
Once all hostages are returned, Hamas members who commit to peaceful co-existence and to decommission their weapons will be given amnesty. Members of Hamas who wish to leave Gaza will be provided safe passage to receiving countries.
Upon acceptance of this agreement, full aid will be immediately sent into the Gaza Strip. At a minimum, aid quantities will be consistent with what was included in the January 19, 2025, agreement regarding humanitarian aid, including rehabilitation of infrastructure (water, electricity, sewage), rehabilitation of hospitals and bakeries, and entry of necessary equipment to remove rubble and open roads.
Entry of distribution and aid in the Gaza Strip will proceed without interference from the two parties through the United Nations and its agencies, and the Red Crescent, in addition to other international institutions not associated in any manner with either party. Opening the Rafah crossing in both directions will be subject to the same mechanism implemented under the January 19, 2025, agreement.
Gaza will be governed under the temporary transitional governance of a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee, responsible for delivering the day-to-day running of public services and municipalities for the people in Gaza. This committee will be made up of qualified Palestinians and international experts, with oversight and supervision by a new international transitional body, the "Board of Peace", which will be headed and chaired by President Donald J. Trump, with other members and heads of State to be announced, including Former Prime Minister Tony Blair. This body will set the framework and handle the funding for the redevelopment of Gaza until such time as the Palestinian Authority has completed its reform program, as outlined in various proposals, including President Trump's peace plan in 2020 and the Saudi-French proposal, and can securely and effectively take back control of Gaza. This body will call on best international standards to create modern and efficient governance that serves the people of Gaza and is conducive to attracting investment.
A Trump economic development plan to rebuild and energize Gaza will be created by convening a panel of experts who have helped birth some of the thriving modern miracle cities in the Middle East. Many thoughtful investment proposals and exciting development ideas have been crafted by well-meaning international groups, and will be considered to synthesize the security and governance frameworks to attract and facilitate these investments that will create jobs, opportunity, and hope for future Gaza.
A special economic zone will be established with preferred tariff and access rates to be negotiated with participating countries.
No one will be forced to leave Gaza, and those who wish to leave will be free to do so and free to return. We will encourage people to stay and offer them the opportunity to build a better Gaza.
Hamas and other factions agree to not have any role in the governance of Gaza, directly, indirectly, or in any form. All military, terror, and offensive infrastructure, including tunnels and weapon production facilities, will be destroyed and not rebuilt. There will be a process of demilitarization of Gaza under the supervision of independent monitors, which will include placing weapons permanently beyond use through an agreed process of decommissioning, and supported by an internationally funded buy back and reintegration program all verified by the independent monitors. New Gaza will be fully committed to building a prosperous economy and to peaceful coexistence with their neighbors.
A guarantee will be provided by regional partners to ensure that Hamas, and the factions, comply with their obligations and that New Gaza poses no threat to its neighbors or its people.
The United States will work with Arab and international partners to develop a temporary International Stabilization Force (ISF) to immediately deploy in Gaza. The ISF will train and provide support to vetted Palestinian police forces in Gaza, and will consult with Jordan and Egypt who have extensive experience in this field. This force will be the long-term internal security solution. The ISF will work with Israel and Egypt to help secure border areas, along with newly trained Palestinian police forces. It is critical to prevent munitions from entering Gaza and to facilitate the rapid and secure flow of goods to rebuild and revitalize Gaza. A deconfliction mechanism will be agreed upon by the parties.
Israel will not occupy or annex Gaza. As the ISF establishes control and stability, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) will withdraw based on standards, milestones, and timeframes linked to demilitarization that will be agreed upon between the IDF, ISF, the guarantors, and the United States, with the objective of a secure Gaza that no longer poses a threat to Israel, Egypt, or its citizens. Practically, the IDF will progressively hand over the Gaza territory it occupies to the ISF according to an agreement they will make with the transitional authority until they are withdrawn completely from Gaza, save for a security perimeter presence that will remain until Gaza is properly secure from any resurgent terror threat.
In the event Hamas delays or rejects this proposal, the above, including the scaled-up aid operation, will proceed in the terror-free areas handed over from the IDF to the ISF.
An interfaith dialogue process will be established based on the values of tolerance and peaceful co-existence to try and change mindsets and narratives of Palestinians and Israelis by emphasizing the benefits that can be derived from peace.
While Gaza re-development advances and when the PA reform program is faithfully carried out, the conditions may finally be in place for a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood, which we recognize as the aspiration of the Palestinian people.
The United States will establish a dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians to agree on a political horizon for peaceful and prosperous co-existence.
Components
Map of Trump plan for the ending of Gaza war
Immediate ceasefire and humanitarian actions
The plan mandates an immediate cessation of hostilities, with all military operations suspended and frontlines frozen. All Israeli hostages, alive and deceased, will be returned within 72 hours. Palestinian prisoners will be released, including 250 life sentence prisoners and 1,700 individuals arrested since the war began. For every Israeli hostage whose remains are released, Israel will release the remains of 15 deceased Gazans.[29][30][25]
The proposed strategy includes the destruction of Hamas's offensive weaponry, such as tunnels and military infrastructure, to neutralize their capacity for further violence. The statement says that Gaza will be "a de-radicalized terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to its neighbors." It also offers amnesty to Hamas members who commit to peaceful coexistence, with safe passage provided for those opting for exile. Additionally, a temporary international stabilization force, composed of U.S., Arab, and European personnel, would be deployed to oversee security and facilitate the training of a Palestinian police force, ensuring long-term stability and peace.[29][30][31][25]
A transitional administration, led by Palestinian technocrats and supervised by an international body, would be established to manage day-to-day governance and oversee the rehabilitation of infrastructure. Humanitarian aid would be delivered without interference, with international organizations such as the United Nations and the Red Crescent overseeing its distribution to ensure fairness and efficiency. Additionally, efforts would be made to encourage Palestinians to remain in Gaza, offering support to those choosing to stay and rebuild their communities.
The strategy includes the acknowledgment of a potential future Palestinian state, contingent upon successful reconstruction efforts and necessary reforms within the Palestinian Authority. To pave the way for long-term peace, a dialogue would be initiated between Israel and the Palestinians to establish a political framework that promotes peaceful coexistence and mutual understanding.[29] Although the plan recognizes the possibility of a Palestinian state as "the aspiration of the Palestinian people", it does not say that the United States would recognize such a state.[2] On September 30, 2025, Netanyahu said that a Palestinian state would not be established under Trump's plan, ruling out such a possibility.[32]
Negotiations
On 30 September, Donald Trump's proposal was forwarded to Hamas and Trump stated that the group had "three or four days" to respond to the plan.[33] Hamas has announced that they were studying the proposal "in good faith".[34]
On 2 October 2025, reports emerged that Hamas's political leadership in Qatar have were open to accepting the proposed deal with additional causes relating to International guarantees relating to Israel's withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and the safety of its leadership.[35][36] However, Hamas's leader in the Gaza Strip itself, Izz al-Din al-Haddad, has been reported to have objections to the proposal.[37] An investigation by the New York Times found widespread support for the plan amongst civilians in the Gaza Strip,[38] with many urging Hamas to accept the deal.[39] The Egyptian and Qatari governments continued working to convince Hamas to accept the proposal.[40]
On 3 October, Trump gave Hamas a deadline of Sunday 5 October 2025, 18:00 Washington D.C. time (22:00 GMT), to accept the proposed deal.[41] Later that day, Hamas announced that they would release all Israeli hostages, living and deceased and expressed willingness to negotiate on Trump's proposed plan, though it did not agree to disarm or forgo influence in Gaza.[9][10] Trump responded by saying that he believes that Hamas is "ready for lasting peace", and urged Israel to "immediately stop bombing Gaza" to allow for the safe release of hostages.[42] Despite Trump's request for bombing to stop, Israel has continued its bombing campaign, killing 70 Palestinians, stating it targeted a Hamas militant who posed a threat to its forces, expressing regret for harm to uninvolved civilians, and saying it "works to mitigate harm to uninvolved civilians as much as possible" in one of those strikes.[43][44]
On 4 October, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered the armed forces to halt their offensive in Gaza City in response to Trump's demands.[45][46] It was reported that talks between Palestinian factions, including Hamas, regarding the future governance of Gaza would take place in Cairo.[47] US Special Envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, and Jared Kushner were reported to be heading to Cairo to finalise the technical details of the hostage release and discuss the lasting peace deal.[48][49] Indirect talks between Israel and Hamas were planned to take place over the next few days in Egypt.[50] Later that evening, Trump posted on social media that Israel "has agreed to the initial withdrawal line" and that when Hamas confirms, a ceasefire will "be IMMEDIATELY effective".[51][52]
On 5 October, it was reported that the talks would be held in Sharm el Sheikh. The Israeli delegation would be led by Strategic Affairs Minister Ron Dermer and the Hamas delegation led by Khalil Al-Hayya.[53] Trump stated that the talks may take "a couple of days" and called for "everyone to move fast", adding "I am told that the first phase should be completed this week".[54]
On 6 October, negotiators from Israel and Hamas began indirect talks in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt to discuss the release of the remaining Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoner exchange mediated by Egyptian, Qatari, Turkish and US officials.[55][56][1] The talks lasted for around four hours and ended on a positive note, with a road map agreed for further talks the following day.[57]
Two rounds of negotiations were held on 7 October, with sources describing "progress" being made. US envoys Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff and Qatari prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani were expected to join the talks on 8 October.[58] A five-point agenda for further talks, covering ending the war, prisoner and hostage exchange, Israeli withdrawal, humanitarian assistance and post-war was agreed.[59]
Secretary of State Marco Rubio briefing President Donald Trump that Israel and Hamas have signed off on a peace deal; October 8, 2025.
Negotiations continued on 8 October with the Palestinian delegation submitting a list of prisoners they want released adding that "optimism prevails" in the talks. The initial maps presented by the Israeli side regarding the withdrawal of troops as well as the mechanism and timetable for the hostage-prisoner exchange was also discussed.[60] That evening, Trump was handed a handwritten note from secretary of state Marco Rubio during a live television appearance stating an agreement was "very close" and that he would need to "approve a Truth social post soon so you can announce deal first".[61][62] Shortly thereafter, reports emerged that an agreement had been reached and would be signed the following day.[63][64] Trump subsequently confirmed that an agreement on the first phase of the deal had been approved by both sides, posting on social media that "I am very proud to announce that Israel and Hamas have both signed off on the first Phase of our Peace Plan."[65] The agreement is expected to be signed in Egypt at 12 noon local time on 9 October. Hostages are expected to be freed over the weekend.[66]
Reactions
Within the United States
Former U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken claimed that the plan was "essentially the plan that developed over many months" under the predecessor Biden administration and was "more or less left in a drawer for the incoming administration."[67]
Israel
During the initial press conference with Trump, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he supports the plan.[68]
Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich denounced the plan as "a historic missed opportunity" which will force Israel to "fight in Gaza again".[6] Leader of the Opposition Yair Lapid endorsed the plan and said "Israel should announce it is joining the discussions led by the president to finalize the details of the deal."[69]
Israeli opposition politician Benny Gantz lauded "Trump's extraordinary efforts to secure a hostage deal and safeguard Israeli security" and said the plan "must be implemented, our hostages brought home, Israel's operational freedom maintained, Hamas's terror regime in Gaza replaced, and moderate Arab States instated instead as I proposed a year and a half ago."[70]
Palestine
The Palestinian Authority called Trump's efforts "sincere and determined" and said that it is committed to holding new parliamentary and presidential elections within a year of the war's end, changing school curriculum, and forming a new security force, while affirming its desire for a "modern, democratic, and non-militarized Palestinian state, committed to pluralism and the peaceful transfer of power."[71]
Palestinian factions
Hamas: Taher al-Nounou, a senior Hamas official, said they were not consulted about the current proposal and, in any case, they will not accept the demilitarization offer as Israel has demanded.[7][8] Hamas leader in Gaza, Izz al-Din al-Haddad, reportedly objected to the proposal as he is thought to believe that the plan aims to finish Hamas. Hamas's political leadership in Qatar have been reported to be open to accepting the proposal with certain amendments.[72] On October 3, 2025, Hamas issued an official response, declaring its readiness to release all hostages, to hand over the administration of the Gaza Strip to independent Palestinian technocrats and to negotiate further details.[9]
Palestinian Islamic Jihad: PIJ leader Ziyad al-Nakhalah called the plan an attempt by Israel to impose through the U.S. "what it could not achieve through war" and condemned "the American-Israeli declaration" as "a recipe for blowing up the region."[6] Following Hamas's agreement to the plan, the PIJ followed suit and said Hamas's response "represents the stance of the Palestinian resistance forces."[73]
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine: Senior member of the PFLP, Abu Ali Hassan, stated that the plan is "a recipe for managing the war and prolonging it, not for its end." He also called the plan "a desperate attempt to separate Gaza from the Palestinian territorial entity."[74]
Australia: Prime Minister Anthony Albanese welcomed the plan and said Australia had "consistently been part of international calls for a ceasefire", and called on Hamas to "agree to the plan, lay down its arms, and release all remaining hostages."[70]
Brazil: Brazil's foreign minister, Mauro Vieira, said that the government will welcome the peace plan to end the war between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.[76]
China: Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun welcomed the plan stating that "China welcomes and supports all efforts conducive to easing tensions between Palestine and Israel." He also reaffirmed China's support to work with the international community toward a lasting peace.[77]
France: French President Emmanuel Macron welcomed Trump's plan and wrote on his X account: "I expect Israel to engage resolutely on this basis, Hamas has no choice but to immediately release all hostages and follow this plan."[78]
Germany: Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul said the plan "offers hope for hundreds of thousands of people suffering in Gaza", urging Hamas to accept the deal.[79]
Holy See: Pope Leo XIV described Trump's plan as "realistic", expressing hope that it would pan out.[80]
India: Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised the plan, stating that the release of hostages mark a "significant step forward." He also stated that India "will continue to strongly support all efforts towards a durable and just peace."[81]
Iran: Iran's foreign ministry wrote that it "welcomes any decision by them that guarantees halting the genocide of Palestinians".[82]
Italy: Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said Trump's "ambitious plan" could be a "turning point" in bringing about a permanent end to the Gaza war.[79]
New Zealand: Foreign Minister Winston Peters welcomed Trump's plan as an "example of such global leadership" and urged all parties to "seize this important opportunity to end the conflict."[70]
Pakistan: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif declared support for Trump's peace proposal and lauded "President Trump's leadership and the vital role played by Special Envoy Steve Witkoff in bringing an end to this war."[70]
Spain: Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said his country "welcomes the U.S.-backed peace proposal for Gaza."[79]
United Kingdom: Prime Minister Keir Starmer said the U.S. effort is "profoundly welcome" and called on all sides to "work with the U.S. administration to finalize this agreement and bring it into reality."[79]
United Nations: Secretary-General António Guterres was encouraged by Hamas's agreement with the proposal and urged all parties to "seize the opportunity to bring the tragic conflict in Gaza to an end."[86]
United Nations human rights experts "expressed hope for a permanent ceasefire" but said that multiple portions of the plan contradicted international law and the ICJ ruling on Israel's occupation of Palestine.[87]
1 2 "Seeking 'eternal Middle East peace': Full text of Trump, Netanyahu statements on deal to end Gaza war". The Times of Israel. September 29, 2025. ISSN0040-7909. Retrieved September 30, 2025. So let us not forget how we got here. Hamas was elected by the Palestinian people. Israel withdrew from Gaza thinking they would live in peace. Remember that — a long time ago, they withdrew. They said, You take it. This is our contribution to peace. But that didn't work out. That didn't work out. It was the opposite of peace.
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