Heads of former ruling families

Last updated

These individuals may or may not claim titles associated with an abolished monarchy. Individuals who stake claims to monarchical titles but who are not part of former dynasties are not included. Note that a country may have multiple houses with a claim to the defunct position.

Contents

Africa

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Flag of Burundi (1962-1966).svg Burundi Rosa Paula Iribagiza [af 1] 1 May 1977NtweroDaughter of Mwami Mwambutsa IV (1915–1966).Hereditary 1966
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Empire Jean-Bédel Bokassa Jr. 3 November 1996 Bokassa Heir apparent and son of Emperor Bokassa I (1976–1979). [af 2] Hereditary1979
Flag of Egypt (1922-1958).svg Egypt Fuad II 18 June 1953 [af 3] Muhammad Ali Last reigning King (1952–1953).Hereditary 1953
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopia Zera Yacob Amha Selassie [af 4] 7 February 1997 Solomon [af 5] Grandson of Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974).Hereditary [af 6] 1975
Girma Yohannes Iyasu [af 7] 1977Grandson of Emperor Iyasu V (1913–1916). [af 8]
Flag of Libya (1951-1969).svg Libya Muhammad bin Hasan 18 June 1992 Senussi Grandnephew of King Idris I (1951–1969).Hereditary 1969
Flag of Rwanda (1959-1961).svg Rwanda Emmanuel Bushayija (Yuhi VI)9 January 2017 [af 9] Abanyiginya [af 10] Nephew of Mwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959–1961).Hereditary and Elective [af 11] 1961 [6]
Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svg Zanzibar Jamshid bin Abdullah 12 January 1964 [af 12] Al Bu Sa'idLast reigning Sultan (1963–1964).Hereditary 1964

Americas

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg  Brazil Bertrand 15 July 2022 Orléans-Braganza [am 1] Great-great-grandson of Emperor Pedro II (1831–1889).Hereditary 1889 [7] [8] [9] [10]
[11] [12] [13]

[14]

Pedro Carlos27 December 2007
Flag of Mexico (1864-1867).svg Mexico Maximilian November 1949 Iturbide [am 2] Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Agustín I (1822–1823).Hereditary 1867 [16]
Carlos Felipe 6 September 2011 Habsburg-Lorraine Great-great-grandnephew of Emperor Maximilian I (1864–1867) [17] [18] [19]
[20]

Asia

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Flag of Afghanistan (1931-1973).svg Afghanistan Ahmad Shah 23 July 2007 Barakzai Heir apparent and son of King Zahir Shah (1933–1973). [as 1] Hereditary 1973
National flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty).svg Burma Soe Win 12 January 2019 Konbaung Great-grandson of Thibaw Min (1878-1885)Hereditary 1885 [21] [22]
Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg China / Great Qing Jin Yuzhang 10 April 2015 Aisin Gioro Great-great-grandson of the Daoguang Emperor (1820–1850) and nephew of the Xuantong Emperor (1908–1912; 1932–1945)Hereditary 1912
(Qing dynasty)
1945
(Manchukuo)
[23] [24]
State flag of the Imperial State of Iran (with standardized lion and sun).svg Iran / Persia (Pahlavi) Reza 27 July 1980 Pahlavi Heir apparent and son of Shah Mohammad Rezā (1941–1979). [as 2] Hereditary 1979
State flag of Persia (1907-1933).svg Iran (Qajar) Mohammad Hassan Mirza II 5 May 1988 Qajar Great-grandson of Shah Mohammad Ali (1907–1909).Hereditary 1925
Flag of Iraq (1924-1959).svg  Iraq Ra'ad bin Zeid 18 October 1970 Hāshim [as 3] Relative of King Faisal II (1939–1958). [as 4] Hereditary 1958
Flag of Johor (1855 - 1865).svg Johor-Singapore Muhammad Shawal 31 October 1996 Bendahara-Johor 4th-great-grandson of Sultan Hussein Shah (1819–1835).Hereditary 1824 [26]
Flag of Korea (1899).svg  Korea Yi Won [as 5] 16 July 2005 Yi [as 6] Great-grandson of Emperor Gojong (1897–1907) and grandnephew of Emperor Sunjong (1907–1910).Hereditary 1910 [27] [28] [29] [30]
Yi Seok [as 7] Grandson of Emperor Gojong (1897–1907) and nephew of Emperor Sunjong (1907–1910). [31] [32] [33] [34]
Flag of Laos (1952-1975).svg Laos Soulivong Savang 19 September 1997 [as 8] Khun Lo Grandson of King Sisavang Vatthana (1959–1975).Hereditary 1975
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire Harun Osmanoğlu18 January 2021 Osman Great-grandson of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909). [as 9] Hereditary 1922
Flag of Ryukyu.svg Ryūkyū Mamoru Shō 30 August 1996 Shō Great-great-grandson of King Shō Tai (1848–1879).Hereditary 1879 [36]
Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg  Sarawak Jason Desmond Anthony 27 May 2017 Brooke Great-grandnephew of Rajah Vyner (1917–1946).Hereditary 1946 [37]
Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg Sulu Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram 16 February 1986 Kiram Son of the last Sultan of Sulu, Sultan Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram (1974–1986).Hereditary1915 [38]
Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg Syria Ra'ad bin Zeid 18 October 1970 Hāshim Half-nephew of King Faisal I (1920).Hereditary 1920
Long tinh flag.svg Vietnam Bao Ngoc 15 March 2017 Nguyen Phuc Eldest son of Emperor Duy Tân (1907–1916)Hereditary 1945 [39]
Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg Yemen Ageel bin Muhammad 6 August 1996 Rassid Eldest son of King Muhammad al-Badr (1962), the last ruling king. [as 10] Hereditary 1962

India and Pakistan

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Alwar flag.svg Alwar Jitendra Singh 15 February 2009 Kachhwaha Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Tej Singh Prabhakar Hereditary1949 [40]
Flag of State of Bahawalpur.svg Bahawalpur Nawab Salahuddin Abbasi 14 April 1988AbbasiGrandson of last ruling Nawab Sadeq Mohammad Khan V Hereditary1955 [41]
Balasinor princely state flag.svg Balasinor Salauddinkhan Babi 25 January 2018 Babi Son of last ruling Nawab Muhammad Salabat Khan Hereditary1949 [42] [43]
Bamra Nitesh Ganga Deb 1997Grandson of last ruling Raja Bhanuganga Tribhuban Deb Hereditary1948 [44]
Baroda flag.svg Baroda Samarjitsinh Gaekwad 2012 Gaekwad Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad Hereditary1949 [45]
Drapeau Bastar.png Bastar Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo 1996 Bhanj Grand nephew of last ruling Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo Hereditary1948 [46]
Flag of the Royal House of Benares.svg Benares Anant Narayan Singh 25 December 2000 Narayan Son of last ruling Maharaja Vibhuti Narayan Singh Hereditary1948 [47]
Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg Bengal and Murshidabad Abbas Ali Meerza 13 August 2014NajafiNephew of Nawab Waris Ali Mirza Hereditary1884 [48]
Flag of Bharatpur.svg Bharatpur Vishvendra Singh July 1995Sinsiniwar Jat Son of last ruling Maharaja Brijendra Singh Hereditary1947 [49]
Bhavnagar Vijayrajsinhji Virbhadrasinhji Gohil 26 July 1994 Gohil Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Rao Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji Hereditary1948 [50]
Drapeau Bhopal.svg Bhopal Saif Ali Khan 2011 Mirazi Khe Great-grandson of last ruling Nawab Hamidullah Khan Hereditary1949 [51]
Shahryar Khan 11 May 2002Grandson of last ruling Nawab Hamidullah Khan [52]
Flag of Bikaner.svg Bikaner Ravi Raj Singh 24 October 2003 Rathore Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Sadul Singh Hereditary1947 [53]
Flag of Bundi.svg Bundi Vanshvardhan Singh 2 April 2022 Hada Chauhan Hereditary1949 [54]
Burdwan Saday Chand Mehtab 1984Son of last ruling Maharaja Uday Chand Mahtab Hereditary1947 [55]
Bushahr Vikramaditya Singh 10 July 2021Son of last ruling Raja Virbhadra Singh Hereditary1948 [56]
Flag of Nawab.svg Carnatic Sultanate Muhammed Abdul Ali 4 July 1993Son of Prince Ghulam Mohammed Abdul Khader of ArcotHereditary1855 [57]
Drapeau Chamba.png Chamba Prem Singh21 May 1971MosanaSon of last ruling Raja Lakshman SinghHereditary1948 [58] [59]
Drapeau Charkhari.jpg Charkhari Jayant Singh1977 Bundela Son of last ruling Maharaja Jayendra Singh Hereditary1947 [60]
Flag of Chhatarpur.svg Chhatarpur Kunwar Vikram Singh 2006Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Bhawani Singh Bahadur Hereditary1950 [61] [62]
Drapeau Chota Udaipur.jpg Chhota Udaipur Jai Pratap Sinhji 2005 Chauhan Son of last ruling Maharawal Virendrasinhji Hereditary1948 [63]
Flag of State of Chitral.svg Chitral Fateh-ul-Mulk Ali Nasir 20 October 2011 Katur Son of last ruling Mehtar Muhammad Saif ul-Mulk Nasir Hereditary1969 [64]
Danta-estat.PNG Danta Mahipendra Singh 1989 Parmar Grandson of last ruling Maharana Bhavanisinhji Hereditary1948 [65]
Datia Arunaditya Singh Judeo April 2020 Bundela Great-great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Govind Singh Judeo Hereditary1950 [66] [67]
Flag of Dewas Senior State.png Dewas Senior Vikram Singh Rao II Puar 19 June 2015 Puar Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Krishnajirao III Hereditary1948 [68]
Drapeau Dhar.png Dhar Hemendra Singh Rao Pawar 15 January 2015 Pawar Hereditary1947 [69]
Dhenkanalflag.png Dhenkanal Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo August 1965Son of last ruling Raja Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Hereditary1948 [70]
Dholpur flag.svg Dholpur Hemant Singh 1954 Bamraulia Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Udaybhanu Singh Hereditary1949 [71]
Drapeau Dhrangadhra.png Dhrangadhra Sodhsalji Mayurdhwajsinhji 1 August 2010 Jhala Son of last ruling Maharaja Meghrajji III Hereditary1948 [72] [73] [74]
Flag of Dungarp.svg Dungarpur Mahipal Singh II 1989 Sisodia Son of last ruling Maharawal Laxman Singh Hereditary1947 [75] [76]
Faridkot flag.svg Faridkot Amarinder Singh Brar 2017 Brar Grand-nephew of last ruling Maharaja Harinder Singh Brar Hereditary1948 [77] [78]
Gondal Himanshusinhji 31 January 2022 Jadeja Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Thakur Sahib Bhojrajji Bhagwatsimhji Hereditary1949 [79]
Gwalior Royal Flag.svg Gwalior Jyotiraditya Scindia 2001 Scindia Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia Hereditary1948 [80]
Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg Hyderabad Azmet Jah 14 January 2023 Asaf Jah Great-grandson of last Nizam Osman Ali Khan Hereditary1948 [81]
Raunaq Yar Khan11 February 2023Descendant of last Nizam Osman Ali Khan [82]
Flag of Indore.svg Indore Usha Devi Holkar 1961 Holkar Daughter of last ruling Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar II Hereditary1948 [83]
Flag of Jaipur (c. 1699-1818).svg Jaipur Padmanabh Singh 2011 Kachwaha Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Man Singh II Hereditary1948 [84]
Jaisalmer Flag.svg Jaisalmer Chaitanya Raj Singh28 December 2020 Bhati Great-great-grandson of last ruling Maharawal Jawahir Singh Hereditary1947 [85] [86]
Flag of Jammu and Kashmir (1936-1953).svg Jammu and Kashmir Karan Singh April 1961 Dogra Son of last ruling Maharaja Hari Singh Hereditary1952 [87]
Flag of Janjira.svg Janjira Sidi Shah Mahmud Khan 1 April 1972 Sidi Son of last ruling Nawab Sidi Muhammad Khan Hereditary1948 [88]
Jashpurflag.jpg Jashpur Ranvijay Singh Judev 4 October 1982 Chauhan Grandson of last ruling Raja Bijay Bushan Singh Judeo Hereditary1948 [89]
Flag of Jhalawar.svg Jhalawar Chandrajit Singh 24 April 2004 Jhala Grandson of last ruling Maharaj Rana Harisch Chandra Singh Hereditary1949 [90] [91]
Jind Satbir Singh7 September 1959 Phulkian Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Ranbir Singh Hereditary1948 [92]
Flag of Jodhpur alternate.svg Jodhpur Gaj Singh 26 January 1952 Rathore Son of last ruling Maharaja Hanwant Singh Hereditary1947 [93]
State Flag of Junaghad.jpg Junagadh Mohammad Ali Murtaza Khanji20 July 2023 Babi Great-Grandson of last ruling Nawab Muhammad Mahabat Khan III Hereditary1948 [94]
Kalahandi state flag.png Kalahandi Anant Pratap Deo 2 September 2019 Nagvanshis Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Pratap Keshari Deo Hereditary1948 [95]
FlagofKalat.svg Kalat Suleman Daud 1998AhmadzaiGrandson of last ruler Ahmad of Kalat Hereditary1948 [96]
Flag of Kangra state.png Kangra-Lambagraon Aishwarya Chand Katoch30 December 2021 Katoch Hereditary1947 [97] [98]
Kapurthala flag.svg Kapurthala Sukhjit Singh 1955 Ahluwalia Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Jagatjit Singh Hereditary1947 [99]
Flag of Karauli.svg Karauli Krishan Chandra Pal 1984 Jadon Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Ganesh Pal Hereditary1949 [100] [101]
Keonjharflag1.png Keonjhar Dhananjay Bhanj Deo 1 December 2019 Bhanj Grand-nephew of last ruling Raja Balbhadra Narayan Bhanj Deo Hereditary1948 [102]
Khairpurflag.png Khairpur George Ali Murad Khan 10 November 1954 Talpur Last ruling Mir Hereditary1955 [103]
Flag of Kilchipur.gif Khilchipur Priyavrat Singh 31 July 2006 Chauhan Grandson of last ruling Raja Yashodar Singh Hereditary1948 [61]
Flag of Kishangarh.svg Kishangarh Brajraj Singh 16 February 1971 Rathore Son of last ruling Maharaja Sumar Singh Hereditary1947 [104]
Kolhapur flag.svg Kolhapur Shahu II 1983 Bhonsle Son of last ruling Maharaja Shahaji II Hereditary1949 [105]
Flag of Kotah.svg Kota Ijyaraj Singh 29 January 2022 Chauhan Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Bhim Singh II Hereditary1948 [106]
Cutch flag.svg Kutch Hanvantsinhji 28 May 2021 Jadeja Son of last ruling Maharaja Madansinhji Hereditary1948 [107]
Flag of the Kutlehar State.svg Kutlehar Budhishwar Pal 4 August 2014Son of last ruling Raja Saheb Shri Mahendra Pal Hereditary1947 [108]
Flag of the State of Las Bela.svg Las Bela Jam Kamal Khan 3 February 2013Grandson of last ruling Jam Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan Hereditary1955 [109]
Loharu state flag.png Loharu Ala-uddin Ahmad Khan II 12 June 1983Son of last ruling Nawab Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan Hereditary1947 [110]
Flag of Manipur.svg Manipur Leishemba Sanajaoba 1996Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh Hereditary1949 [111]
Flag of Mayurbhanj.png Mayurbhanj Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo 15 September 2000 Bhanj Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Pratap Chandra Bhanj Deo Hereditary1949 [112]
Drapeau Udaipur Mewar.png Mewar Arvind Singh 19 November 1984 Sisodia Grandson of last Maharana Bhupal Singh Hereditary1948 [113]
Mahendra Singh
Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg Mysore Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar 28 May 2015 Wadiyar Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar Hereditary1948 [114]
Rajgarhflag.png Narsinghgarh Rajyavardhan Singh 24 January 2019 Parmar Son of titular Maharaja Bhanu Prakash Singh Hereditary1948 [115]
Flag of the Nawanagar State.svg Nawanagar Shatrusalyasinhji 3 February 1966 Jadeja Son of last ruling Maharaja Digvijaysinhji Hereditary1948 [116] [117]
Flag of Awadh.svg Oudh Sahibzada Shahanshah Mirza28 January 2022AwadhGreat-Great-Grandson of Wajid Ali ShahHereditary1859 [118] [119]
Flag of Panna state.png Panna Raghavendra Singh Judeo 2009 Bundela Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Yadvendra Singh Judeo Hereditary1950 [120] [121] [122]
Flag of Pataudi.png Pataudi Saif Ali Khan 22 September 2011 Pataudi Grandson of last ruling Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi Hereditary1948 [123]
Patiala flag.svg Patialia Amarinder Singh June 1974 Phulkian Son of last Maharaja Yadavindra Singh Hereditary1948 [124]
Patna Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo 2004 Chauhan Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo Hereditary1948 [125]
Phaltan flag.svg Phaltan Ramraje Pratapsinh 2004 Naik Nimbalkar Grandson of last ruling Raja Shrimant Sir Malojirao Naik-Nimbalkar Hereditary1948 [126]
Flag of Partabgarh.svg Pratapgarh Jai Singh Sisodia 29 November 2017 Sisodia Grandson of last ruling Maharawat Ram Singh Sisodia Hereditary1949 [127]
Pudukkottai flag.svg Pudukkottai R. Rajagopala Tondaiman 16 January 1997 Tondaiman Nephew of last ruling Raja Rajagopala Tondaiman Hereditary1948 [128]
Raghogarh Digvijaya Singh 1967Son of last ruling Raja Balbhadra Singh Hereditary1947 [62] [129]
Flag of Rajkot Principality.gif Rajkot Mandhatasinhji Jadeja 27 September 2018 Jadeja Grandson of last ruling Thakore Saheb Pradyumansinhji Lakhajirajsinhji Hereditary1948 [130]
Flag of Rajpipla.svg Rajpipla Raghubir Singh2 February 1963 Gohil Grandson of last ruling Maharana Vijaysinhji Hereditary1948 [131]
Flag of the Rampur State.svg Rampur Muhammad Kazim Ali Khan 5 April 1992 Rohilla Grandson of last ruling Nawab Raza Ali Khan Hereditary1947 [132]
Flag of the Rewa State.svg Rewa Pushparaj Singh 20 November 1995 Baghel Son of last ruling Maharaja Martand Singh Hereditary1947 [133]
Sailanaflag.png Sailana Vikram Singh1990 Rathore Grandson of last ruling Raja Dileep Singh Hereditary1948 [134] [135]
Samthar Ranjeet Singh Judeo 1972Son of last ruling Maharaja Radha Charan Singh Hereditary1950 [136]
Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg Sikkim Wangchuk Namgyal 29 January 1982 Namgyel Son of Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal (1963–1975).Hereditary 1975 [137]
Sirmur Lakshraj Prakash May 2013 Prakash Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Rajendra Prakash Hereditary1948 [138]
Flag of Sirohi.svg Sirohi Raghuveer Singh 1998 Chauhan Hereditary1949 [139]
Suket flag.svg Suket Hari Sen 18 October 1985Grandson of last ruling Raja Lakshman Sen Hereditary1948 [140]
Flag of the Surguja State.svg Surguja T. S. Singh Deo 2001 Raksel Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Ramanuj Saran Singh Deo Hereditary1948 [141] [89]
Flag of Swat.svg Swat Miangul Adnan Aurangzeb September 2014 Miangul Grandson of last Wali Miangul Jahan Zeb Hereditary1969 [142]
Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg Tehri Garhwal Manujendra Shah Sahib Bahadur 7 January 2007 Ponwar Son of last ruling Maharaja Manabendra Shah Hereditary1949 [143]
Tigiria Bir Pratap Singh Deo 1 December 2015Son of last ruling Raja Brajraj Mahapatra Hereditary1948 [144]
Flag of Tonk.svg Tonk Aftab Ali Khan 4 September 1994 Salarzai Hereditary1949 [145]
Flag of Kingdom of Travancore.svg Travancore Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma 16 December 2013 Venad Swaroopam Nephew of last ruling Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma Hereditary1949 [146]
Unofficial flag of Tripura.png Tripura Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma 28 November 2006 Manikya Son of last ruling Maharaja Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman Hereditary1949 [147]
Vijayanagara Empire Krishna Devaraya Aravidu 19th generation descendant of last ruling emperorHereditary1646 [148] [149]
Flag of Wankaner State.png Wankaner Kesridevsinh Jhala 4 April 2021 Jhala Great-grandson of last ruling Maharana Raj Sahib Amarsinhji Banesinhji Hereditary1947 [150]

Nepal

Nepal's numerous small monarchies were collectively abolished by the federal government on 7 October 2008. At the time, the thrones of both Salyan and Jajarkot had been vacant since the deaths of rajas Gopendra Bahadur and Prakash Bikram respectively (both in 2003), and have remained vacant.

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal Gyanendra 28 May 2008 [as 11] Shah [as 12] Last reigning Maharajdhiraja (2001–2008).Hereditary 2008
Bajhang Binod Bahadur 7 October 2008 [as 13] Last reigning Raja (1989–2008).Hereditary [as 14] [151]

Thailand

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Chiang Mai Wongsak Na Chiangmai 1989 Thipchak Grandson of Kaew Nawarat (1910–1939), the last King of Lanna and Prince Ruler of Chiang Mai Hereditary1939 [152]

Europe

Source [153]

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Flag of Albania (1934-1939).svg Albania Leka 30 November 2011 Zogu Grandson of King Zog I (1928–1939).Hereditary 1939 de facto
1944 de jure
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg  Austria-Hungary (more) Karl 4 July 2011 [eu 1] Habsburg-Lorraine [eu 2] Grandson of Emperor and King Charles I & IV (1916–1918). [eu 3] Hereditary 1918 [154]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Simeon II 15 September 1946 [eu 4] Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry [eu 5] Last reigning Tsar (1943–1946).Hereditary 1946
Pavillon royal de France.svg France (Legitimist) Louis Alphonse 30 January 1989 Bourbon [eu 6] 9th-great-grandson of King Louis XIV (1643–1715).Hereditary 1830 [155]
Flag of France.svg France (Orléanist-Unionist) Jean 21 January 2019 Orléans [eu 7] 4th-great-grandson of King Louis Philippe I (1830–1848). Hereditary 1848 [156] [157]
Flag of France.svg France (Bonapartist) Charles Napoléon 3 May 1997 [eu 8] Bonaparte Great-great-grandnephew of Emperor Napoleon (1804–1814, 1815). Hereditary 1870 [158] [159]
Jean Christophe Great-great-great-grandnephew of Emperor Napoleon (1804–1814, 1815).
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia David 16 January 2008 Mukhrani [as 15] 13th-great-grandson of King Constantine II (1478–1505).Hereditary 1801
Nugzar 13 August 1984 Gruzinsky [as 15] Great-great-great-grandson of King George XII (1798–1800).
State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg  Greece Pavlos 10 January 2023 Glücksburg [eu 9] Son and heir apparent of King Constantine II (1964–1973).Hereditary 1973
Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Inigo 9 February 1991 Urach [160] Grandson of King Mindaugas II (1918).Hereditary 1918 [161]
Flag of Montenegro (1905-1918).svg  Montenegro Nicholas 24 March 1986 Petrović-Njegoš Great-grandson of King Nicholas I (1910–1918).Hereditary 1918
Flag Portugal (1830).svg Portugal Duarte Pio 24 December 1976 Braganza [eu 10] Great-grandson of King Miguel I (1828–1834).Hereditary 1910
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Margareta [eu 11] 5 December 2017 Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen [eu 12] Daughter of King Michael I (1927–1930 and 1940–1947).Hereditary 1947 [162]
Paul-Philippe 27 January 2006Grandson of King Carol II (1930–1940).
Karl Friedrich 5 December 2017Great-grandnephew of King Ferdinand I (1914–1927). [eu 13]
Flag of Russia.svg Russia Maria Vladimirovna 21 April 1992 Romanov [eu 14] Great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Alexander II (1855–1881). [eu 15] Recognised by Russian Orthodox Church. [163] Hereditary 1917
Karl Emich 1 June 2013Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II (1855–1881).
Alexis Andreevich 28 November 2021Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I (1825–1855). [eu 15]
State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg  Serbia Alexander 3 November 1970 Karađorđević Great-grandson of King Peter I of Serbia (1903–1918)Hereditary 1918
Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg  Yugoslavia Son and heir apparent of King Peter II of Yugoslavia (1934–1945) 1945

Germany

Source [153]

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimAbolitionRef(s)
Empire
Flag of the German Empire.svg  Germany Georg Friedrich 26 September 1994 Hohenzollern Great-great-grandson of Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888–1918).Hereditary 1918 [164] [165]
Kingdoms
Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg  Bavaria Franz 8 July 1996 Wittelsbach Great-grandson of King Ludwig III (1913–1918).
Also heir to the Jacobite succession. [166]
Hereditary 1918
Flag of Hanover 1837-1866.svg  Hanover Ernst August 9 December 1987 Hanover [eu 16] Great-great-grandson of King Georg V (1851–1866).Hereditary 1866 [167]
Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg  Prussia Georg Friedrich 26 September 1994 Hohenzollern Great-great-grandson of King Wilhelm II (1888–1918).Hereditary 1918
Flagge Konigreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg  Saxony Daniel [ citation needed ]29 March 2022 Wettin [eu 17] Great-great-grandson of King Frederick Augustus III (1904–1918).Hereditary 1918
Alexander 23 July 2012Great-grandson of King Frederick Augustus III (1904–1918). Prince of Saxe-Gessaphe
Flagge Konigreich Wurttemberg.svg  Württemberg Wilhelm [ citation needed ]7 June 2022 Württemberg Relative of King William II (1891–1918).Hereditary 1918
Grand Duchies
Flagge Grossherzogtum Baden (1891-1918).svg  Baden Bernhard [ citation needed ]29 December 2022 Zähringen Great-great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Leopold I (1830–1852).Hereditary 1918
Flagge Grossherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Hesse and by Rhine Donatus 23 May 2013 Hesse Relative of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892–1918).Hereditary 1918
Flagge Grossherzogtumer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz Borwin 26 January 1996 Mecklenburg [eu 18] Great-great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Georg (1816–1860).Hereditary 1918
Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Oldenburg Christian 20 September 2014 Holstein-Gottorp [eu 19] Great-grandson of Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II (1900–1918).Hereditary 1918
Flagge Grossherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Michael 14 October 1988 Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach [eu 5] Grandson of Grand Duke William Ernest (1901–1918).Hereditary 1918
Duchies
Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Anhalt Eduard 9 October 1963 Ascania Son of Duke Joachim Ernst (1918).Hereditary 1918
Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg  Brunswick Ernst August 9 December 1987 Hanover [eu 16] Grandson of Duke Ernst August (1913–1918).Hereditary 1918
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Andreas 23 January 1998 Saxe-Coburg and Gotha [eu 5] Grandson of Duke Charles Edward (1900–1918).Hereditary 1918 [168]
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Meiningen Konrad4 October 1984 Saxe-Meiningen [eu 5] Great-grandson of Duke Georg II (1866–1914).Hereditary 1918
Flagge Preussen - Provinz Schleswig-Holstein.svg Schleswig-Holstein Friedrich Ferdinand[ citation needed ]27 September 2023 Glücksburg [eu 9] Relative of Duke Frederick VII (1808–1863).Hereditary 1866
Principalities
Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png Hohenzollern [eu 20] Karl Friedrich 16 September 2010 Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen [eu 21] Great-great-grandson of Prince Karl Anton (1848–1849).Hereditary 1850 [169]
Flagge Furstentum Lippe.svg Lippe Stephan 20 August 2015 Lippe Grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1905–1918).Hereditary 1918
Friedrich Wilhelm 15 June 1990Grandnephew of Prince Leopold IV (1905–1918).
Flagge Furstentum Reuss jungere Linie.svg Reuss [eu 22] Heinrich XIV 20 June 2012 Reuss Relative of Prince Heinrich XXVII (1913–1918). [eu 23] Hereditary 1918
Flagge Furstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe Alexander 28 August 2003 Lippe Grandnephew of Prince Adolf II (1911–1918).Hereditary 1918 [170]
Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg Waldeck and Pyrmont Wittekind 30 November 1967 Waldeck Grandson of Prince Friedrich (1893–1918).Hereditary 1918 [171]

Italy

Source [153]

Until the mid-nineteenth century, the Italian peninsula comprised a number of states, some of which were monarchies. During the Italian unification, the monarchs of such agglomerated states lost their sovereignty and their titles became purely ceremonial. The resultant throne of the Kingdom of Italy was held by the former king of Sardinia.

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimSuccessionAbolitionRef(s)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy Aimone 1 June 2021 Savoy Great-great-great-grandson of King Victor Emmanuel II (1861–1878).Hereditary 1946 [172] [173]
Vittorio Emanuele [eu 24] 18 March 1983Heir apparent and son of King Umberto II (1946).
Pre-unification
Flag of the Duchy of Modena.svg Modena Lorenzo 7 February 1996 Austria-Este [eu 2] Great-grandnephew of Franz Ferdinand, adopted heir of Duke Francis V (1846–1859).Hereditary 1859 [175]
Flag of the Duchy of Parma (1851-1859).svg  Parma Carlos 18 August 2010 Bourbon-Parma [eu 7] Great-grandson of Duke Robert I (1854–1859).
Also one of the contested heirs to the Carlist succession. [176]
Hereditary 1859 [177] [178]
Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg Tuscany Sigismondo18 June 1993 Habsburg-Lorraine Great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Ferdinand IV (1859).Hereditary 1859 [179]
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg  Two Sicilies Pedro 5 October 2015 Bourbon-Two Sicilies [eu 25] Great-great-great-grandson of King Ferdinand II (1830–1859).Hereditary 1861
Carlo 20 March 2008Great-great-grandson of King Ferdinand II (1830–1859).

Oceania

StateHeadSinceHouseClaimAbolitionRef(s)
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaiʻi Quentin Kawānanakoa 29 July 1997 Kawānanakoa [oc 1] Great-grandson of David Kawānanakoa, heir apparent of Queen Liliʻuokalani (1891–1893). 1895
Owana Salazar [oc 2] 19 September 1988 Laʻanui [oc 3] 5th-great-granddaughter of Kalokuokamaile, half-brother of King Kamehameha I (1795–1819).
Edmund Keliʻi Silva Jr. [184] 22 November 2002 Kamehameha Descendant of Kamehameha I (1795-1819) [185] [186]
Prince Darrick Lane Hoapili Līloa Kamakahelei Baker2016 Kalākaua Descendant of Kamakahelei (1770 - 1794) [187] [188]
Tahiti flag.png Tahiti Léopold Pōmare [oc 4] Pōmare Descendant of Queen Pōmare IV (1827–1877). 1880 [189]
Teriʻihinoiatua Joinville Hinoiariki Pōmare XI [190] 19 April 2023 Pōmare Adopted member of the Pōmare family. 1880 [191]

See also

Notes

Africa

  1. As the last living sister and daughter of the last and second-to-last kings respectively, Princess Rosa Paula Iribagiza is considered the head of the royal household. According to the relevant laws of succession, however, the crown must pass to a male member of the family.
  2. Jean-Bédel Bokassa was Crown Prince of the Central African Empire from its inception on 4 December 1976 until its abolition on 20 September 1979.
  3. Fuad II previously reigned as King of Egypt and the Sudan during his infancy, from 26 July 1952 until the monarchy's official abolition in 1953. He reigned in absentia, and under a regent.
  4. Designated heir presumptive by his grandfather the Emperor on 14 April 1974. Confirmed as heir apparent by his father Amha Selassie I on 6 April 1988. He has used the title of crown prince since 7 April 1989, when his father was proclaimed emperor-in-exile. He is recognised as heir to the throne by the Imperial Crown Council.
  5. The Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia claims descent from King Solomon of Israel, who belonged to the House of David. Both of the current claimants are from the House of Shoa, which represents the junior branch of the dynasty.
  6. According to the 1955 Constitution, [1] the Emperor designated his successor from members of his own family, with the rule of primogeniture preferred but not necessarily followed. Candidates for the succession must be descendants of the Solomonic dynasty, in the male or female line. They must also be practising members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and their candidature must be approved by the Imperial Crown Council. If the Emperor has no direct descendants, or if the crown prince is unable to perform his dynastic duties, the Crown Council selects the successor from amongst the members of the Solomonic dynasty.
  7. Lij Girma claims that all governments in Ethiopia since the 1916 deposition of his grandfather are illegitimate, and as such, as the seniormost descendant of Iyasu V, he claims to be the nation's rightful monarch.
  8. Iyasu V was heir apparent of Menelik II and succeeded as Emperor upon the latter's death, but was never crowned. His reign was terminated with the sanction of the Church following allegations of conversion to Islam.
  9. Emmanuel Bushayija was chosen on 9 January 2017 [2] to succeed his paternal uncle Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, who was deposed on 28 January 1961. [3]
  10. The royal Abanyiginya clan of Tutsis. [4]
  11. The mwami is selected from amongst members of the various royal clans by the Abiru, a traditional council of Tutsi and Hutu elders. [5]
  12. Jamshid previously reigned as sultan from 1 July 1963 until the monarchy's abolition in 1964.

Americas

  1. The imperial family of Brazil is descended from the Houses of Bragança and Orléans. The current line of succession is disputed between two branches: the Vassouras branch, headed by Prince Luiz, and the Petrópolis branch, headed by Prince Pedro Carlos.
  2. The current line of succession to the Mexican throne is descended from the House of Iturbide and Habsburg, which respectively ruled the First (1822–1823) and Second (1864–1867) Empires of Mexico. Maximilian I of Habsburg renounced all his incidental Austrian succession rights in April 1864 and later adopted Agustín de Iturbide y Green and Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán, two grandsons of Emperor Agustín I whom he appointed Prince of Iturbide and at the same time heir apparent. [15]

Asia

  1. Ahmad Shah, second son of the last reigning king, was Crown Prince of Afghanistan from 26 November 1942 until the monarchy's end in 1973.
  2. Rezā, eldest son of the last reigning shah, was Crown Prince of Iran from birth, on 31 October 1960, until the monarchy was deposed in 1979.
  3. The name "Hashimites" refers to members of the Hāshim clan, a sept of the Quraysh tribe to which the Prophet Muhammad belonged. [25]
  4. Ra'ad's father, Prince Zeid, was appointed Head of the Royal House of Iraq following the assassination of King Faisal II during the coup d'état in 1958. Zeid was the son of Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz.
  5. Yi Ku appointed Yi Won, one of his first cousins once removed, as his heir in 10 July 2005 before his death. [27] The status of Yi Won as the leader of Jeonju Lee Royal Family Association, however, didn't become valid until 22 July 2005. [28] Yi Won later officially became the director of the family association on June 27, 2007. [29]
  6. The House of Yi consists of the descendants of the Joseon dynasty.
  7. Yi Seok claimed that, in the will of late crown princess Yi Bangja, he was named as "first successor". [31]
  8. After the monarchy was abolished in 1975, the senior members of the royal family were imprisoned by the military. The deaths of the former King, Queen, and Crown Prince were confirmed by the Lao authorities on 17 December 1989. The dates of actual death were not released, but the current heir, who is the eldest son of the late Crown Prince, escaped imprisonment and arrived in Thailand on 3 August 1981. He was confirmed as the successor to his grandfather by the Royal Council in Exile on 19 September 1997.
  9. The sultans of the Ottoman Empire also held the title Caliph of Islam , thus claiming to be the spiritual leaders of all Muslims. The Ottoman Caliphate was abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in 1924. [35]
  10. Many of the kings of the Qasimid dynasty also held the title Imam and Commander of the Faithful , and were the spiritual leaders of the Zaidiyyah branch of Shi'a Islam. The Imamate ended with the republican revolution in 1962.
  11. Gyanendra reigned as King of Nepal between 7 November 1950 and 8 January 1951, and again from 4 June 2001 until the monarchy was abolished in 2008.
  12. Members of the Shah dynasty of Nepal are descended from the Parmar clan of Rajputs from the former state of Narsinghgarh in modern India.
  13. Binod is the eldest son of Princess Shanti Singh of Nepal (one of the ten people who died in the Nepalese royal massacre). Binod is also the Director of Hotel Sherpa.
  14. Succession to the throne, whilst hereditary, is also subject to confirmation from the reigning King of Nepal.
  15. 1 2 A branch of the House of Bagrationi. During the partition of the kingdom in the 15th Century, the Bagratid dynasty split into two main lineages: the Mukhrani line of Kartli, and the Gruzinsky line of Kakheti. It is between these two lineages that the leadership of the Royal House of Georgia is now disputed.

Europe

  1. On 31 May 1961, Karl's father Otto renounced all claims to the Austrian throne in order to return from exile. He relinquished his position as head of the House of Habsburg to Karl on 1 January 2007.
  2. 1 2 A branch of the House of Lorraine cognatically descended from the House of Habsburg. The ducal family of Modena, which was historically descended from the House of Este, traditionally uses the name Austria-Este, which has continued to be adopted as a title by the current line.
  3. The Austro-Hungarian monarch held the crowns of Austria and Hungary, and also reigned as King of Bohemia , King of Croatia , etc.
  4. Simeon II reigned as Tsar of Bulgaria from 28 August 1943 until the monarchy was deposed in the Communist revolution of 1946. After returning to the country from exile in 1996, he later served as Prime Minister between 24 July 2001 and 17 August 2005.
  5. 1 2 3 4 A branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, A sept of the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin.
  6. The House of Bourbon is a branch of the Capetian Dynasty.
  7. 1 2 A branch of the House of Bourbon.
  8. Charles Napoléon is the current head of the House of Bonaparte. His son, Jean Christophe, was posthumously appointed heir to the imperial claim in the will of his grandfather, Louis Napoléon.
  9. 1 2 Officially the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which is a branch of the House of Oldenburg.
  10. A branch of the House of Aviz.
  11. Margareta's father Michael I reigned as King of Romania between 20 July 1927 and 8 June 1930, and again from 6 September 1940 until the monarchy's abolition during the Communist revolution of 1947. A rival claim to the throne is maintained by the descendants of Carol Lambrino, Michael's elder half-brother from his father's first marriage. Carol Lambrino's eldest son, Paul-Philippe, has maintained his claim to the throne since his father's death on 27 January 2006.
  12. A line of the House of Hohenzollern.
  13. Heir under the 1923 constitution, which stipulates Salic law.
  14. The House of Romanov is a line of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, which itself is a branch of the House of Oldenburg.
  15. 1 2 Full title: Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias, used since 1721, although commonly designated Tsar . The emperors of Russia were also the Grand Dukes of Finland from 1809 until 1917, and the Kings of Poland from 1815 until 1916.
  16. 1 2 The House of Hanover is a branch of the House of Welf, which itself is a branch of the House of Este.
  17. The kings of Saxony belonged to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin.
  18. The royal family of Mecklenburg-Strelitz belongs to the Strelitz branch of the House of Mecklenburg.
  19. A branch of the House of Oldenburg.
  20. The principalities of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen were created in 1576 from the partition of the territory of Hohenzollern. When the Hechingen lineage became extinct in 1869, the heirs of the Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen reclaimed the title Prince of Hohenzollern.
  21. A branch of the House of Hohenzollern.
  22. The territory of Reuss was partitioned between the sons of the reigning prince in 1564, eventually resulting in the principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. The elder lineage expired in 1927 through the death of Heinrich XXIV (1902–1918), and inheritance passed to the junior line of Köstritz, whose heirs now claim the title Prince Reuss.
  23. For details on the unusual numbering system of the Reuss-Köstritz lineage, see the main article.
  24. Vittorio Emanuele, only son of King Umberto II, was heir apparent to the throne of Italy from his father's ascension until the monarchy was abolished in 1946. He declared himself King of Italy in 1969, claiming that his father, having agreed to submit to a referendum on his position as head of state, had thereby abdicated his throne. The declaration came after his father called for Amedeo, Duke of Aosta to visit him in Cascais, allegedly to name him his heir. [174] Umberto II died on 18 March 1983.
  25. This branch is known as the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The right to succession is currently disputed between two branches of the family.

Oceania

  1. The House of Kawānanakoa was a collateral line of succession of the reigning Kalākaua dynasty. [180] The penultimate king, Kalākaua, not having had any issue of his own, adopted and appointed the head of the Kawānanakoa as heirs after his own family line which ended with his sister, the last queen Liliʻuokalani. The House of Kawānanakoa is historically recognised as providing presumptive heirs to the throne should the monarchy be revived.
  2. Noa Kalokuokamaile DeGuair is a descendant of the House of Kalokuokamaile, which was a collateral line of succession of the Kamehameha dynasty, the first line of Hawaiʻian kings. It became extinct in the male line during the time of the monarchy, and now survives through the female line as the House of Laʻanui. [181] The current descendants also belong to the Wilcox lineage of English and Italian descent. His claim on the throne is disputed.
  3. The House of Laʻanui consists of maternal descendants of the House of Kalokuokamaile, [181] the seniormost branch of the chiefly House of Keōua Nui. [182] It descends from the eldest half-brother of Hawaiʻi's first king, Kamehameha the Great, who united the small chiefdoms of the Hawaiʻian Islands under the Kamehameha dynasty in 1810. When the male heirs of this lineage died out in 1872, it was replaced by the Kalākaua dynasty who ruled till 1893. It claims closer kinship to the kingdom's first dynasty while the Kawānanakoa line claims closer kinship to the kingdom's last dynasty. [183]
  4. Recognised as the rightful heir to the Tahitian throne by a majority of the royal family's current members. He has migrated overseas, however, and currently[ when? ] lives in Paris. [189]

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