Zirconium trifluoride

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Zirconium trifluoride
Rhenium-trioxide-unit-cell-3D-balls-B.png
Names
IUPAC name
trifluorozirconium
Other names
Zirconium(III) fluoride
Identifiers
Properties
ZrF3
Appearanceblack crystals
Density 4,26 g/cm3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Zirconium trifluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula ZrF3. [1] This is a salt of zirconium and hydrofluoric acid, forms black crystals.

Contents

Synthesis

Zirconium difluoride can be prepared by the action of atomic hydrogen on thin layers of zirconium tetrafluoride, at a temperature of approximately 350°. [2] [3]

Zirconium (III) fluoride can be obtained by reacting hydrogenated zirconium with a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen at 750 ° C. [4]

2 Zr + 6 HF ⟶ 2ZrF3 + 3 H2

It is also possible to prepare it by reducing (NH4)2ZrF6 with hydrogen at 650 °C. [5]

Physical properties

ZrF3 forms black crystals of cubic system, in the space group Pm3m.

It is slightly soluble in hot water, slightly soluble in hot acids. Insoluble in caustic soda and ammonia solution. Its crystal structure corresponds to that of rhenium(VI) oxide. [4]

Chemical properties

ZrF3 disproportionates to the tetrafluoride when heated to 1300 °C: [3]

4ZrF3 → 3ZrF4 + Zr

Related Research Articles

Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ClF3. It is a colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas that condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold. It is famous for its extreme oxidation properties. The compound is primarily of interest in plasmaless cleaning and etching operations in the semiconductor industry, in nuclear reactor fuel processing, historically as a component in rocket fuels, and various other industrial operations owing to its corrosive nature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Manganese(III) fluoride (also known as Manganese trifluoride) is the inorganic compound with the formula MnF3. This red/purplish solid is useful for converting hydrocarbons into fluorocarbons, i.e., it is a fluorination agent. It forms a hydrate and many derivatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cobalt(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Cobalt(II) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula (CoF2). It is a pink crystalline solid compound which is antiferromagnetic at low temperatures (TN=37.7 K) The formula is given for both the red tetragonal crystal, (CoF2), and the tetrahydrate red orthogonal crystal, (CoF2·4H2O). CoF2 is used in oxygen-sensitive fields, namely metal production. In low concentrations, it has public health uses. CoF2 is sparingly soluble in water. The compound can be dissolved in warm mineral acid, and will decompose in boiling water. Yet the hydrate is water-soluble, especially the di-hydrate CoF2·2H2O and tri-hydrate CoF2·3H2O forms of the compound. The hydrate will also decompose with heat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iron(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Iron(III) fluoride, also known as ferric fluoride, are inorganic compounds with the formula FeF3(H2O)x where x = 0 or 3. They are mainly of interest by researchers, unlike the related iron(III) chloride. Anhydrous iron(III) fluoride is white, whereas the hydrated forms are light pink.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexafluorosilicic acid</span> Octahedric silicon compound

Hexafluorosilicic acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H
2
SiF
6
. Aqueous solutions of hexafluorosilicic acid consist of salts of the cation and hexafluorosilicate anion. These salts and their aqueous solutions are colorless.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfur tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Sulfur tetrafluoride is a chemical compound with the formula SF4. It is a colorless corrosive gas that releases dangerous hydrogen fluoride gas upon exposure to water or moisture. Sulfur tetrafluride is a useful reagent for the preparation of organofluorine compounds, some of which are important in the pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zirconium tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Zirconium(IV) fluoride describes members of a family inorganic compounds with the formula (ZrF4(H2O)x. All are colorless, diamagnetic solids. Anhydrous Zirconium(IV) fluoride' is a component of ZBLAN fluoride glass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiophosphoryl fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Thiophosphoryl fluoride is an inorganic molecular gas with formula PSF3 containing phosphorus, sulfur and fluorine. It spontaneously ignites in air and burns with a cool flame. The discoverers were able to have flames around their hands without discomfort, and called it "probably one of the coldest flames known". The gas was discovered in 1888.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(II) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CrF2. It exists as a blue-green iridescent solid. Chromium(II) fluoride is sparingly soluble in water, almost insoluble in alcohol, and is soluble in boiling hydrochloric acid, but is not attacked by hot distilled sulfuric acid or nitric acid. Like other chromous compounds, chromium(II) fluoride is oxidized to chromium(III) oxide in air.

Chromium pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrF5. It is a red volatile solid that melts at 34 °C. It is the highest known chromium fluoride, since the hypothetical chromium hexafluoride has not yet been synthesized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neptunium(VI) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Neptunium(VI) fluoride (NpF6) is the highest fluoride of neptunium, it is also one of seventeen known binary hexafluorides. It is a volatile orange crystalline solid. It is relatively hard to handle, being very corrosive, volatile and radioactive. Neptunium hexafluoride is stable in dry air but reacts vigorously with water.

Fluorine forms a great variety of chemical compounds, within which it always adopts an oxidation state of −1. With other atoms, fluorine forms either polar covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Most frequently, covalent bonds involving fluorine atoms are single bonds, although at least two examples of a higher order bond exist. Fluoride may act as a bridging ligand between two metals in some complex molecules. Molecules containing fluorine may also exhibit hydrogen bonding. Fluorine's chemistry includes inorganic compounds formed with hydrogen, metals, nonmetals, and even noble gases; as well as a diverse set of organic compounds. For many elements the highest known oxidation state can be achieved in a fluoride. For some elements this is achieved exclusively in a fluoride, for others exclusively in an oxide; and for still others the highest oxidation states of oxides and fluorides are always equal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafnium tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Hafnium tetrafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula HfF4. It is a white solid. It adopts the same structure as zirconium tetrafluoride, with 8-coordinate Hf(IV) centers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platinum tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Platinum tetrafluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula PtF
4
. In the solid state, the compound features platinum(IV) in octahedral coordination geometry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Difluorophosphate</span> Chemical compound

Difluorophosphate or difluorodioxophosphate or phosphorodifluoridate is an anion with formula PO2F−2. It has a single negative charge and resembles perchlorate and monofluorosulfonate in shape and compounds. These ions are isoelectronic, along with tetrafluoroaluminate, phosphate, orthosilicate, and sulfate. It forms a series of compounds. The ion is toxic to mammals as it causes blockage to iodine uptake in the thyroid. However it is degraded in the body over several hours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium(III) fluoride</span> Inorganic chemical compound

Neodymium(III) fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of neodymium and fluorine with the formula NdF3. It is a purplish pink colored solid with a high melting point.

Thullium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula TmF3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terbium(IV) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Terbium(IV) fluoride is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula TbF4. It is a white solid that is a strong oxidizer. It is also a strong fluorinating agent, emitting relatively pure atomic fluorine when heated, rather than the mixture of fluoride vapors emitted from cobalt(III) fluoride or cerium(IV) fluoride.

Zirconium difluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula ZrF2.

References

  1. "Zirconium trifluoride". NIST . Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  2. Macintyre, Jane E. (23 July 1992). Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 3177. ISBN   978-0-412-30120-9 . Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  3. 1 2 McTaggart, F. K.; Turnbull, A. G. (1964). "Zirconium difluoride". Australian Journal of Chemistry . 17 (7): 727–730. doi:10.1071/ch9640727. ISSN   1445-0038 . Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  4. 1 2 Georg Brauer (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von Marianne Baudler u. a.: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6, S. 259.
  5. Paul Ehrlich, Fritz Plöger, Ernst Koch, Gustav Kaupa: Über Zirkonium(III)-fluorid. Versuche zur Darstellung von Thorium(III)-fluorid. In: Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 333, 1964, S. 209–215, doi : 10.1002/zaac.19643330407.