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A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel or a vowel glide, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: that is, the tongue moves during the pronunciation of the vowel. In most varieties of English, the phrase "no highway cowboy" has five distinct diphthongs, one in every syllable.
A vowel shift is a systematic sound change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language.
Non-native pronunciations of English result from the common linguistic phenomenon in which non-native speakers of any language tend to transfer the intonation, phonological processes and pronunciation rules of their first language into their English speech. They may also create innovative pronunciations not found in the speaker's native language.
The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects.
The International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects complies all the most common applications of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent pronunciations of the English language.
In phonetics and phonology, checked vowels are those that commonly stand in a stressed closed syllable, while free vowels are those that can stand in either a stressed closed syllable or a stressed open syllable.
English in Southern England is the collective set of different dialects and accents of Modern English spoken in Southern England.
North American English regional phonology is the study of variations in the pronunciation of spoken North American English —what are commonly known simply as "regional accents". Though studies of regional dialects can be based on multiple characteristics, often including characteristics that are phonemic, phonetic, lexical (vocabulary-based), and syntactic (grammar-based), this article focuses only on the former two items. North American English includes American English, which has several highly developed and distinct regional varieties, along with the closely related Canadian English, which is more homogeneous geographically. American English and Canadian English have more in common with each other than with varieties of English outside North America.
Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar phonological system. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features that distinguish fortis and lenis consonants.
In the history of English phonology, there have been many diachronic sound changes affecting vowels, especially involving phonemic splits and mergers.
The phonology of Quebec French is more complex than that of Parisian or Continental French. Quebec French has maintained phonemic distinctions between and, and, and, and. The latter phoneme of each pair has disappeared in Parisian French, and only the last distinction has been maintained in Meridional French, yet all of these distinctions persist in Swiss and Belgian French.
English diphthongs have undergone many changes since the Old and Middle English periods. The sound changes discussed here involved at least one phoneme which historically was a diphthong.
Monophthongization is a sound change by which a diphthong becomes a monophthong, a type of vowel shift. It is also known as ungliding, as diphthongs are also known as gliding vowels. In languages that have undergone monophthongization, digraphs that formerly represented diphthongs now represent monophthongs. The opposite of monophthongization is vowel breaking.
Barbadian or Bajan English is a dialect of the English language as used by Barbadians (Bajans) and by Barbadian diasporas.
Afrikaans has a similar phonology to other West Germanic languages, especially Dutch.
This article aims to describe the phonology and phonetics of central Luxembourgish, which is regarded as the emerging standard.
This article covers the phonological system of New Zealand English. While most New Zealanders speak differently depending on their level of cultivation, this article covers the accent as it is spoken by educated speakers, unless otherwise noted. The IPA transcription is one designed by Bauer et al. (2007) specifically to faithfully represent a New Zealand accent, which this article follows in most aspects.
This article covers the phonological system of South African English (SAE) as spoken primarily by White South Africans. While there is some variation among speakers, SAE typically has a number of features in common with English as it is spoken in southern England, such as non-rhoticity and the TRAP–BATH split.
Saban English is the local dialect of English spoken on Saba, an island in the Dutch Caribbean. It belongs to the group of Caribbean English varieties, and has been classified as a decreolized form of Virgin Islands Creole English. There is one published dictionary of Saban English, A Lee Chip, authored by Theodore R. Johnson.
Gustavia English is a unique variety of English spoken in the port city of Gustavia, on the French island of St. Barthélemy in the Caribbean's Leeward Islands. With the smallest population of English speakers in the Caribbean, it is likely the most endangered variety. The majority of Gustavia English speakers are Afro-European, while the rest of the island's population is predominantly white and French-speaking. St. Barthélemy, often called St. Barths, separated from Guadeloupe in 2007 to become an overseas collectivity. The island, covering 21 km2, relies mainly on tourism and has a population of 2,332.
References
- 1 2 3 Williams, Jeffrey P.; Schneider, Edgar W.; Trudgill, Peter; Schreier, Daniel, eds. (2015). Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Studies in English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02120-4.
- 1 2 3 "Select phonetic and phonological features of Caribbean varieties of English: An overview".
- ↑ Walker, James A.; Meyerhoff, Miriam (2020-01-01). "Pivots of the Caribbean? Low-back vowels in eastern Caribbean English". Linguistics. 58 (1): 109–130. doi:10.1515/ling-2019-0037. ISSN 1613-396X.
