Harcourt Butler Technical University

Last updated

Harcourt Butler Technical University
Harcourt Butler Prāvidhika Viśvavidyālaya (Hindi - IAST)
Harcourt Butler Technical University Logo SSH.png
Former names
HBTI (Harcourt Butler Technological Institute)
Motto
śrama eva paraṃ tapaḥ(Sanskrit - IAST)
ɕrəmə eːvə pərⁿ t̪əph(IPA)
Motto in English
"Work Indeed is Great Austerity"
Type State University (IN) [1] [2]
Established1921(104 years ago) (1921)
Founder Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler
Accreditation NAAC A+ Grade
Chancellor Governor of Uttar Pradesh [3]
Vice-Chancellor Dr. Samsher [4]
Address
Hastings Ave., Nawabganj
,
Kanpur
,
Uttar Pradesh
,
208002
,
India
Campus Urban, 323 acres (131 ha)
LanguageEnglish
Colours   Royal Blue #002366
  Sage Green #aac588
  Racing Red #bb0000
Website hbtu.ac.in
Harcourt Butler Technical University

Harcourt Butler Technical University (HBTU), formerly Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI), is an old STEM college currently functioning as a public technical university, and is located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Established in 1921, it is one of India's oldest engineering institutes, [5] [6] India's second institute for industry-oriented applied science, [7] and also India's first technological institute for higher research in technical chemistry. [note 1] [8]

Contents

It is named after its visionary and relentless proponent-in-chief Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler, an accomplished ICS officer and a highly regarded Governor in British India, who preferred to be addressed as "Harcourt Butler". [9] [10] [11] As an advocate of industrial advancement, Sir Harcourt was a promoter of technical education in general, and the patron of "Technological Institute" in particular. [12]

It has historical and foundational connections to many scientific entities. It is the parent of the National Sugar Institute which operated from HBTI campus from 1936 to 1963. [13] [14] [15] The Central Control Laboratory (for Ghee, Edible oils, and Vanaspati) started in HBTI in 1937. [16] HBTI also housed ICAR's Sugar technologist (1930-36), and provincial govt's offices of Glass Technology (1942–91) and Alcohol Technology (estd. 1953). It assisted three new state-govt colleges - Rajkiya Engineering College (REC) Bijnor (started in 2010 as BRAECIT), REC Kannauj [17] (started in 2015), and REC Mainpuri, [18] (started in 2015). [19] And, when IIT Kanpur was established in 1959, its classes, starting 9 August 1960, were initially held in HBTI until IITK had its own campus. [20] [21] [22] [23]

History

Origins

In early 1900s, there was a need for application of science in industry in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, and technical education was paramount. [24] On the initiative of Harcourt Butler, [25] [8] [26] the Secretary to Industrial Committee (1907-08) and DC of Lucknow, [27] [28] the 1907 Industrial Conference at Naini Tal convened by the Lt.Gov. of the province, [29] Sir John P. Hewett, GCSI , KBE , CIE , recommended establishment of a Technological Institute at Cawnpore . [30] Therein, Thomason's Principal [31] Sir Edwin H.deV. Atkinson, KBE , CIE , RE , [32] opined on location of the institute, [33] and views of Upper India Chamber of Commerce (UICC) were expressed by their Secretary, Alexander B. Shakespear, CIE . [note 2] [34]

The conference approved teaching and research via four chemical sections (of four students each) in industries of leather, sugar, acid-n-alkali, and textile-n-papermaking (dyeing, bleaching, etc.). [35] In 1908, Sir Harcourt left UPA&O, [27] and the provincial secretary (and future CAG [36] ), Sir Robert W. Gillan, KCSI , submitted the scheme to the government. [37] [38] But, the India Secretary deferred, and sought opinions from Dr. Morris W. Travers, FRS , DSc, among others, regarding overlaps with IISc, and relevant areas of instruction and enquiry. However, it was generally accepted that a colloquial Central Higher Technical Institute be set-up in two branches. The Rurki Branch would take over Thomason's civil engineering (and shut its Department of Technology) while the Cawnpore Branch would be the industrially accessible Technological Institute. [39]

By 1914, the idea of starting it as a polytechnic was abandoned, and industry-oriented applied research became the keynote. [39] Deferments also happened due to World War I, apart from differing opinions, and lack of funds. [8] [40] By mid 1910s, an IISc-like research institute under Imperial control in North India was steadily demanded not only by industrialists, merchants, and managers like C.T. Allen, CIE , [note 3] C.M. DeSouza, [note 4] and A.B. Shakespear, [note 2] but also by officials like the Director of Industries (DI) A.H. Silver. [41] [42]

Indian businessmen wanted training in leather chemistry [43] as Kanpur had leather industry since 1800s. [44] [45] [46] [47] Contrarily, officials like Director (LR&A) H.R.C. Hailey, CSI , OBE , CIE , [note 5] and Offg. DI & DD (Agri.) [48] [49] [50] [51] Sir Bryce C. Burt, CIE , MBE , FCS, concurred with European industrialists [35] and UICC that the proposed institute should focus on research in applied chemistry, and offer special branches only on demand. [52] [53] The Indian Industrial Commission (1916–18) headed by Sir Thomas H. Holland, KCSI , KCIE , FRS , DSc, recommended that technological institutes should be controlled by provincial Director of Industries [54] to facilitate research in regional industries. [55] [56] A representative committee recommended that training be provided for research chemists, and technical chemists (in oil, textile, and leather). [7]

Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler, c.1934 Sir Harcourt Butler, c. 1934.png
Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler, c.1934

GRI and GTI

Sir Harcourt returned to UPA&O in 1918 as Lieutenant-Governor, and expressed dismay at the delays in starting the institute. [28] Ultimately, Government Research Institute, Cawnpore, was launched in January 1920, offering industrial research without teaching any courses. It was headed by the Agricultural Chemist [57] Dr. Harold Edward Annett, OBE , FIC , FCS, DSc, [note 6] then the Principal of Opium Research Laboratory, [58] of which GRI was an adjunct. It was housed in two rooms of Sher Wali Kothi, a British era bungalow near Nawabganj. [59]

The distinguished dye scientist [60] [61] Dr. Edwin Roy Watson, DSc, Professor [62] [63] at Dacca College, was appointed as Research Chemist. Dr. Watson had been research assistant to Charles T.R. Wilson (who won 1927 Physic Nobel prize), and Siegfried Ruhemann (who discovered Ninhydrin in 1911) at University of Cambridge (1903-04). [64] [65] He was aided by two Asst. Res. Chemists - his DC colleague Kshitish Chandra Mukherji, AIC, and Dr. Nitya Gopal Chatterji, DSc, DIC, AMIChemE [66] (who did DSc under four-times Nobel nominee N.L. Dhar at University of Allahabad [67] ). Dr. Watson became the Principal of GRI as Dr. Annett was appointed Officiating Principal of Govt Agricultural College. [68]

(L) Sir J.P. Hewett, c. 1907; (R) Sir C.Y. Chintamani, c. 1911 J.P. Hewett & C.Y. Chintamani.jpg
(L) Sir J.P. Hewett, c. 1907; (R) Sir C.Y. Chintamani, c. 1911

In 1921, Sir Harcourt became the (first [69] [70] ) Governor of UPA&O. [71] [68] He appointed Sir C.Y. Chintamani, LLD, the Chief-Editor of The Leader newspaper, as the Minister of Education and Industries. [71] [68] With active support from the keen minister in UPA&O Legislative Council, the institute secured funding for and started teaching three-year postgraduate diploma courses apart from their activities in applied research, and became the Government Technological Institute. [72]

The institute started with two Chairs each in three areas of applied chemistry: oil, tinctorial, and leather. [8] Dr. E.R. Watson was appointed as the first Principal (1921–26) of GTI. [73] On the 25th of November 1921, Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler, GCSI , GCIE , DL , FRGS , FRAS , formally laid the foundation-stone of the Main Building. [9] [10] Sir Harcourt had envisioned to make it a full-fledged technological university, but had to leave charge in UPA&O to go to Burma in 1922.

"The institute will have two sides, instruction and research. They must operate and energise together. [...] The work of the institute will take time. The professors must be given a reasonably free hand. But they must not lose touch with the world of business and the practical conditions of industry.

Let our motto be 'on and ever on'. The outlook is favourable. The site of the new institution is within easy reach of the great industrial centre of Cawnpore, rich with capacity and experience. [...] I will set no limits in my imagination to the future progress of Cawnpore or the United Provinces. I will not admit one argument against their destiny."

— Sir Harcourt Butler at the Foundation-Stone Laying Ceremony

Initial years

The first batch of PG Diploma in Technology ("Dip.Tech.") consisted of three students each in two courses of General Applied Research ("Gen Res"), and Oil Chemistry & Technology ("Oil Tech"). Due to lack of infrastructure, they were sent to the Govt Technical School (under principalship of P.A. Lyons [71] ) in Lucknow for a six-month preliminary course in mechanical engineering. The first classes & laboratories were held in two buildings (later, the erstwhile Forest View Hostel) of the old govt soda factory, and the first hostel was a Nawab's bungalow in Souterganj near the Govt School of Dyeing & Printing (GSDP, [note 7] later a GCTI constituent [74] ). [59]

In 1922 the institute moved its operations to the new bungalows in Luxman Bagh - Bungalow No. 1 for "Gen Res", Bungalow No. 2 for workshop (with pilot plant), Bungalow No. 3 for "Oil Tech", and Bungalow No. 4 for hostel. By 1925, the north-wing of Main Building was completed, and a temporary hostel was constructed behind the central hall. [59] In 1926, under the then Minister of Industry, [75] Sir M.A.S. Khan, GBE , KCSI , KCIE , the generically monikered GTI took the name Harcourt Butler Technological Institute [76] in honour of its patron, though Sir Harcourt was absent, working as the (first) Governor of British Burma. [70] [77]

Old Photograph of Main Building HBTI Old Pic v3.jpg
Old Photograph of Main Building

As Richardson Committee prioritized leather over sugar, a third course of Leather Chemistry & Technology was started in 1922 under Madhav Balkrishna Hudlikar, [78] [79] but ceased intakes after 1931 on recommendation of the second inquiry-committee headed by Arthur H. Mackenzie, CSI , CIE . [80] [81] A course in Tinctorial Chemistry was also considered. In 1924, the Department of (Applied) Chemistry was established, and all six students of the first batch also received their PG diplomas. Though, grading and classification criteria based on test scores was only finalised a year later in 1924-25. [59] A fourth course of Sugar Chemistry & Technology was started in July 1926. [82] Dr. Gilbert J. Fowler, FIC , FRSI, DSc, who held the Chair of Biochemistry at IISc (first in India and The East), became the Officiating Head of chemical research in 1926, and then Principal of HBTI in 1927. [83] [84] [85]

Academically, the institute laid emphasis on practical training in simulation plants and commercial factories. [86] Admissions were done through competitive examination (written and oral). [9] The oil course developed an excellent reputation in the market. [82] Post-diploma courses, two-year studentship and three-year fellowship, were also introduced within the first decade. [9] [87] The head(s) of technology section(s) worked de facto as area Expert(s) to the Industries Department, while the head of chemical research worked as Industrial Chemist to the provincial government. [88]

Reforms

During ministership of Sir J.P. Srivastava, KCSI , KBE , DSc, [89] [90] the Director of Industries was made the ex-officio Principal in 1932, and an Acting Principal was to be the head. [91] NASI Founder-Fellow [92] [93] and industrial researcher [94] Dr. H.D.H. Drane, DSc, AMIEE, AMIChemE, [note 8] was the last British Principal, [90] and Dr. J.A.H. Duke, [note 9] the Oil Expert, [95] was appointed the first Acting Principal of HBTI. Also, the three-year "Dip.Tech." was replaced by a two-year PG course for an Associate of HBTI (A.H.B.T.I.), and a further two years of studies for a Fellow of HBTI (F.H.B.T.I.). [96] [97] Short courses at different academic levels were also started in 1932-33 session. [98]

(L) Dr. E.R. Watson, first principal; (R) Dr. J.A.H. Duke, first acting principal E.R. Watson & J.A.H. Duke.JPG
(L) Dr. E.R. Watson, first principal; (R) Dr. J.A.H. Duke, first acting principal

In 1932-34, ICAR was proposed to takeover the oil section to make an all-India institute of oil technology, [91] and in 1936 the sugar section was taken over to establish the Imperial Institute of Sugar Technology on the recommendations of Indian Sugar Committee, [99] and others. [100] [101] [102] Student enrolment crossed the three-figure mark to 106 in the year 1936-37. The first Indian Actg. Principal, Rao Saheb [66] Dattatraya Yeshwant Athawale, officiated from 1937 to 1947, followed by Dr. D.R. Dhingra, ARIC, in the first decade post-independence from 1947 to 1957. An R&D scheme, and a short-course on essential oils were started in the latter's tenure [59]

HBTI courses, c. 1933-34 HBTI Courses 1933-34 v2.png
HBTI courses, c. 1933-34

In 1952, a committee headed by Sir J.C. Ghosh, DSc, FNI, advised that HBTI operate as a university college with IIST, GCTI, and GLI [note 10] as integral parts, and offer new courses. But, it was not implemented, except for a course (India's second) in Chemical Engineering in 1954. AICTE review in 1955 suggested teaching reorganisation, and in 1956, faculty posts separate from Experts/Chemists were sanctioned. Dr. Hrishikesh Trivedi became the first Indian-origin Principal when the post was revived in 1957. HBTI was affiliated to Agra University in 1958, and AHBTI/FHBTI diplomas were converted to degrees: a four-year B.Sc. (Chem. Engg.) to be pursued post I.Sc. (HSC), and a three-year B.Sc. (Tech.) post B.Sc. [59]

Expansion

HBTI widened the spectrum of its activities significantly in the 1960s. The first M.Sc. (Tech.) courses and an Industrial Research Centre were both started in 1960, along with appointment of a Head of Oil Technology, and completion of Lake View Hostel. [103] The state's industrial-advisor and MIT/SEAS alumni Dr. Chittaranjan "CR" Mitra became Principal in 1962, and brought phenomenal change. [104] The three core-engineering departments (mechanical, electrical, civil) were started in 1964-66. India's first courses in Biochemical Engineering and Chemical Engineering Practice were launched in 1964 and 1965 respectively. And, in 1967, HBTI organised India's first seminars in Biomedical Engineering and Biochemical Engineering (under the pioneer Dr. Tarun K. Ghosh). [105] [106]

Dr. CR Mitra, first director CR Mitra NKR CC BY-SA 3.0 v2.jpg
Dr. CR Mitra, first director

On 26 March 1965, the GoUP made HBTI an autonomous institution registered as a society. [107] Accordingly, it got a Board of Governors, and the post of Principal raised to Director. Dr. Mitra became the first Director in 1965, and remained till 1969 (when G.D. Birla invited him to lead BITS Pilani). [108] [109] [110] The college's affiliation was transferred to Kanpur University in 1967 on the latter's inception. On AICTE's 1967 recommendations, GoI sanctioned grants for development of HBTI, which led to many new infrastructure projects by 1972-73.

By 1970s, HBTI had transformed from an instructor in chemical branches to a prominent institute of higher education in STEM fields. The Science & Technology Entrepreneur's Park (STEP-HBTI) was launched on-campus in 1986 to encourage entrepreneurship, [111] sponsored by DST (GoI), ICICI, and IFCI. [112] [113] In 1991, all B.Sc. (Engg/Tech) courses were changed to four-year B.Tech., and all M.Sc. (Tech) were changed to two-year M.Tech., in keeping with the times.

21st century

In 2000, the GoUP established the Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU), and HBTI was affiliated to it in 2001. [114] [115] This made HBTI lose the autonomous status which it had retained in previous affiliations. [116] However, HBTI worked for, and later became the only STEM college in Uttar Pradesh to be granted the academic autonomy by the University Grants Commission on 27 February 2008, [117] [118] a status it had lost a decade earlier. [119] While still affiliated to UPTU administratively, the institute could now conduct its own internal academic affairs independently, viz., syllabus, exams, grading, etc.

By 2000s, HBTI's infrastructure had become inadequate and degraded. [120] [121] [122] There was also worsening of student–teacher ratio due to unfilled vacancies, faculty leaving for new CFTIs, etc. [123] [124] Mismanagement, conflicts, and failures increased even in important activities. [125] [126] [127] [128] Hence, its reputation suffered against some NITs. [129] The alumni offered financial assistance to resolve immediate issues, but it could not be initiated due to government regulations. [130] UPTU plans to develop it as a STEM CoE did not materialize either. [131] In this period (2001-21), HBTI did not have any long-term permanent head, either short-term ones or mostly temporary "Acting" ones. [132] [133] [134]

On 1 September 2016, HBTI was raised to the status of a technical state-university by the UP HBTU Act, 2016 (dated 7 April 2016), and its name was modified to Harcourt Butler Technical University. [135] [136] Prof. M.Z. Khan was appointed as the first Vice-Chancellor. [137] HBTU obtained administrative autonomy, and some much needed infrastructure upgrades were started. In 2021, the college completed its centenary, and the then VC Dr. Samsher requested the President of India to make HBTU a central university. [138] [139]

Campus

HBTI Main Building, c. 2004 HBTI Main Building.jpg
HBTI Main Building, c. 2004

The university is on the Hastings Avenue in Nawabganj area in the northern outskirts of the metro-city of Kanpur, officially in the Kanpur Nagar district. It is situated between the Kanpur Zoo and the Company Bagh Chauraha (crossing), about 4 km from the Kanpur Ganga Barrage, and within 2 km of the Ganga river. It is spread across two campuses – the East campus (74.84 acres), and the West campus (248.64 acres), roughly 3 km apart. The East Campus is primarily academic with limited accommodation facilities, while the West campus is entirely residential.

East campus

The East Campus has its main entrance gate opposite the CSA Univ. of Agriculture & Technology premises on the Agricultural College Lane. The other gate on the opposite side of campus faces the Azad Nagar locality. It is 3 km of the Rawatpur railway station, 3 km from the Rawatpur metro station (on Orange Line), 8 km from the Kanpur Central railway station, and 9 km from the Kanpur Central ("Jhakarkati") Bus Station.

HBTI Main Building, c. 2010 HBTI Main Building, 2010.jpg
HBTI Main Building, c. 2010

The Main Building, in use since 1925, houses the VC office, administrative offices, classrooms, halls, a MOOC recording studio, and departments of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Chemical Technology (five out of six branches), and Humanities. Seven other independent buildings house the departments of Chemical Engineering, Computer Science & IT (with the computer centre), Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Leather Technology. The Central Workshop (finished 1957) establishment consists of seven shops: Foundry Shop, Welding Shop, Machine Shop, Sheet Metal Shop, Blacksmithy Shop, Carpentry Shop, and Fitting-&-Benchworking Shop. It once also had a state of the art industrial-grade oil mill, a sugar plant, a soap-factory, and manufacturing machines for paint and varnish. [140]

The Tagore Central Library is an independent building. It offers a web-based OPAC catalogue with 83,000+ books, and 25,000+ journals & periodicals. The library provides access to e-journals like the ACS, J-Gate Plus (JCCC), IEEE, Springer Nature, and Web of Science database. It also offers e-books from leading publishers like Pearson, Wiley, Elsevier, McGraw Hill, etc. [141] HBTU also has E-ShodhSindhu (eSS) subscriptions, [142] like NDLI eBooks/archives, and ShodhShuddhi PDS system. [143]

This campus also has the offices of several engineering and technology organisations of national repute. It has the headquarters of Oil Technologists' Association of India (OTAI), [144] the central regional office of Council of Leather Exports (CLE), [145] the Kanpur Local Centre of Institution of Engineers (India) (IEI), [146] the Kanpur Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers (IIChE), [147] and the headquarters of the Paint and Coating Technologist Association (PACT). [148]

There are six female hostels - Alaknanda Hostel (GH-I), Mandakini Hostel (GH-II), Gangotri Hostel (GH-III), Bhagirathi Hostel (GH-IV, and formerly Lake View III, "LV New"), Kaveri Hostel (GH-V), and Saraswati Hostel (GH-VI); and two male hostels - Shridharacharya Hostel (Lake View I & II, "LV Old"), and Ramanujan Hostel. There are also a few residential quarters for the faculty & staff.

It also has old/new auditorium, old gymnasium, cafeteria, canteen, and the Atal Incubation Hub (GIIEC). Other facilities include the badminton court, tennis court, playground for cricket & football, guest house, medical centre, Central Bank of India (CBI) campus branch, and its ATM.

West campus

The West Campus is on Indra Road, opposite Deen Dayal Nagar locality, and around 1 km from the Gurudev Chauraha (and same name metro station). It is on the other side of the Kanpur Zoo with reference to the East Campus. This land was acquired in 1965 to expand the institute.

The West Campus features several male hostels - Abdul Kalam Hostel (WCH-I), Visveswaraya Hostel (WCH-II), Raman Hostel (WCH-III), Ambedkar Hostel (DBRA-I), Aryabhatt Hostel (DBRA-II), and Vishwakarma hostel (WCH-IV). It also has the VC residence, VC camp office, multi-purpose hall (Shatabdi Bhawan), new gymnasium, community centre, a State Bank (SBI) ATM, postal facilities, and residential quarters for faculty and staff. There are also playing grounds for cricket, football, hockey, basketball, and volleyball.

Administration

Governance

HBTU is a state-university nominally headed by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh as its ex-officio Chancellor. The Chancellor appoints the Vice-Chancellor (VC), nominates certain members of the Executive Council, and is the appellate authority. [3] HBTU is administered by the following structure:

The above-mentioned statutory authorities have their own respective chairperson, secretary, and members. They can be convened for specific functions as per their mandate. The authorities are: Academic Council, Board of Studies, Board of Examinations, and several other Committees (Finance, R&D, Admission, Grievance, etc). [149]

Organisation

The university is operationally headed by the Vice Chancellor (VC) who is assisted by several officials in the following reporting order:

The six functional Deans are of following work: Academic Affairs, Student's Welfare, Planning & Resource Generation (PRG), R&D, Incubation Hub, and CE-n-IQA. [149]

Academics

HBTU is a government-aided state-university for technical UG and PG education specialising in engineering and technology, along with research and consulting in allied areas. It is a non-collegiate unitary-type university, and does not affiliate or administer other colleges or institutes. It is recognised by the University Grants Commission, [150] and is approved by the AICTE for STEM programmes. [151] HBTU holds the NAAC A+ Grade, and the courses are accredited by the NBA. [152] It received funding from the World Bank's IDA in TEQIP Phase-I (2004–2009), [153] [154] and later more under RUSA, TEQIP-II, and TEQIP-III. [155] [156] [157]

"In England the epoch-making report of Sir J. J. Thomson's committee has pealed the bells of a new era. On every side one hears the cry for more and more applied science. The day of the specialist has dawned at last. Chemistry ...is the foundation of all modern civilized activities. India's great need to-day is the application of chemistry to agriculture and industry."

— Sir Harcourt Butler [158]

Research

The college takes up R&D schemes sponsored by various entities, like DST, SERB, ICAR, DRDO, CPCB, BARC, CIDA (via SICI [159] ), CSIR, DAE, ICMR, MoFPI, DBT, etc. [160] [161] HBTU is also an S&T partner in the Rural Technology Action Group (RuTAG) initiative of IITK. [162] It has two Centres of Excellence - in Lipids and Paint. [163] In 2009, Current Science ranked it #17 in top 30 Indian engg-tech institutes for their research performance, and #25 in 67 institutes based on number of papers published, using the Scopus database for the period 1999-2008. [164]

Programmes

HBTU offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programmes in engineering, and technology; as well as master's and doctoral programmes in mathematics, natural sciences, and business administration. It confers the degrees of B.Tech., M.Tech., MCA, MBA, M.Sc., and Ph.D. on successful completion of these courses.

B.Tech. courses are offered in 13 fields of engineering & technology by their respective departments, as follows (dept start year mentioned): Computer Science & Engineering (since 1984), Information Technology (by CSE Dept.), Mechanical Engineering (since 1964), Civil Engineering (since 1966), Electronics Engineering (since 1990), Electrical Engineering (since 1965), Chemical Engineering (since 1954), and six Chemical Technology branches - Plastic Technology (since 1964), Biochemical Engineering (since 1964), Food Technology (since 1964), Oil Technology (since 1921), Paint Technology (since 1991), and Leather Technology (since 1978)). Admissions to the full-time four-year B.Tech. programmes are through the NTA JEE Main exam since 2017 (previously, SEE-UPTU from 2001 to 2016, and CEE from 1979 to 2000), and to the three-year B.Tech. (Lateral Entry) are done via the CUET-UG exam. [165] [166]

Full-time two-year M.Tech., MBA, MCA, and M.Sc. programmes are offered at the masters level. M.Tech. is offered in 11 of the aforementioned 13 branches (except IT, and Leather Technology), while M.Sc. is offered in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. A four-year BS-MS course is also offered in Mathematics & Data Science. Admissions are done to the M.Tech. programmes via the JAM exam, the M.Sc. programmes via the JAM & CUET-PG exams, the MCA programme through the NIMCET exam, and the MBA programme through multiple exams (CAT, CMAT, AIMA-MAT, etc.). Admissions to the doctoral programmes (Ph.D.) are via the UGC–NET test. [167] [168]

Reputation and rankings

HBTU was a nationally reputed engineering college in India in the 20th century. [169] [170] Initially, it was affected by the industrial decline of Kanpur post 1980, a city once called Manchester of the East. [171] [172] [173] [174] By 2000s, HBTI suffered infrastructure deterioration, and faculty insufficiency. [175] Moreover, HBTU struggled for prestige after the central institutes (IITs, IIITs, and NITs) were expanded in number by the Indian government. Some old ranking reports are given below:

Centenary

HBTU Centenary Stamp HBTU Centenary Stamp.jpg
HBTU Centenary Stamp

HBTU successfully completed a century of its establishment as a teaching institution in the year 2021. It also celebrated the 100th anniversary of its Foundation-Stone Laying Ceremony on the 25th of November, 2021. The centennial occasion was officially recognised and commemorated in the Centenary Year Function organised on the very date of anniversary under the Vice-Chancellor Dr. Samsher. [191] The function was attended by the then President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Anandiben Patel. [192] [193] [194]

HBTU Centenary Coin HBTU Centenary Coin.jpg
HBTU Centenary Coin

The following commemorative actions were performed as part of the centenary celebrations:

Career Assistance

The Dean (PRG) is in-charge of the Training and Placement (T&P) Cell which is responsible for assisting students in acquiring industrial training and availing job opportunities. It consists of admin-staff and student-members from all branches. It aids in the making and verification of CVs. It also coordinates with interested organisations, and facilitates the campus placement process.

Student life

Activity council

For extra-curricular activities, there are several officially recognised Sub-Councils (informally called Clubs). They are governed by an apex body called the University Students Activity Council (USAC) which is headed by a Chairman. All sub-councils have an administrative Convener, and are primarily run by their respective student-members. [203]

The student-bodies can be categories based on their primary function:

Associations

The various departments of engineering and technology also have their own Associations of engineers and technologists, e.g., ACE, AME, etc. These associations coordinate among their faculty, students, and alumni for various co-curricular and extra-curricular activities as they deem important, including but not limited to intra-department or inter-college events. The associations have their own intra-departmental conveners, and student-members.

Events

The college organizes several annual events open to all students. Adhyaay is the annual cultural open festival, previously called Odyssey, while Taal is the intra-college cultural competition. The annual technical event is Technika (earlier, Zest), and Aagaz is the inter-college sports meet. [204] [205] [206] [207]

Separate events have been organised by different departments and clubs in the past decades. Departmental associations have organised Nirmaan (civil), Mecharnival (mechanical), Incord (computer science), Resonance (electrical), Anuvartan (electronics), Tech Era (jointly by E/E), etc. [208] [209] [210] [211] There was also a Lit Fest by cultural and literary clubs, and Udbhav by STEP-HBTI. [212] [213] [214]

Alumni

HBTU alumni are popularly known as Harcourtians. [215] They have been known so for a long time, are fond of the legacy of their alma mater, and mutually share a strong identity.

The alumni work in considerable numbers in the central government services (UPSC, SSC, etc.), PSUs/PSEs, banks, CSIR institutes, state-government services (UPPSC, UKPSC, etc.), and provincial corporations like state-PWDs, metro-rail corps (DMRC, UPMRC, NMRC, etc.), utility corps (UPPCL, UPRVUNL, UPJN, etc.), development units (DDA, YEIDA, UPSIDC, etc.), and many more. They are also successfully working as engineers & managers in the private sector firms, including all prominent MNCs. [216]

Many alumni also go to IITs, IIMs, IISc, or foreign colleges for further education. Alumni of batches till 1990 often worked and settled abroad. [217] There is also a HBTU Alumni Association North America (HANA), a non-profit registered in New Jersey. [218]

OBA

Old Boys' Association was the first alumni association of HBTI, founded in the early 1930s, and referred to as "OBA, HBTI". In 1936, the sugar section was separated as an institute named IIST, but the association kept representing both. After IIST was renamed NSI in 1957, the joint alumni association was renamed "OBA, HBTI & NSI" to reflect the change. When NSI moved to its own campus in 1963, the association still carried on its activities across both campuses. However, the joint association was ultimately broken in 1971, and was again called "HBTI OBA". The association's activities declined after late 1970s. [59]

Alumni association

The currently active Alumni Association, HBTU (originally as AA HBTI) was founded after the OBA went defunct. The association has chapters in major Indian cities for ease of access to alumni. It organised the first International Alumni Meet in 2005, and does so every year. [219] [220] [221] [222]

Alumni Cell

HBTU's Alumni Cell is headed by the Dean (PRG) as ex-officio Chairman. The Associate Dean (PRG) is the ex-officio Member-Secretary in-charge of the alumni affairs, and there are three other rotating members - two from faculty, and one from students. [223]

Notable alumni

Notes

  1. ↑ Technical Chemistry focuses on applying chemical principles to design materials or processes in industrial or technological areas.
  2. 1 2 Alexander Blake Shakespear was Manager, and then Director, at Begg, Sutherland & Co., Cawnpore (Shakespear Family).
  3. ↑ Charles Turner Allen was the Co-Founder of The Pioneer newspaper, and son of the Co-Founder of Cooper, Allen & Co., Cawnpore (Jacob Family).
  4. ↑ Caetano Mariie de Souza was Director of Premier Oil Mills, shareholder of Oberoi hotels, and owned Dwyer Limestone (Gray-ons).
  5. ↑ Hammett Reginald Clode Hailey was an ICS Officer, and Director of Land Records and Agriculture (LR&A) in UPA&O in 1912-20 (Cotes Family, and The Gazette UK).
  6. ↑ Dr. Harold Edward Annett was also Member of South Eastern Agricultural College (M.S.E.A.C.), a famous college of agricultural sciences in 18th-19th centuries (BAHS article).
  7. ↑ A reference to GSDP (estd. 1914) can be found in an old The Tribune newspaper article.
  8. ↑ Dr. H.D.H. Drane was Research Engineer at Thermal Syndicate (UK), the manufacturers of "Vitreosil" branded fused silica products (Grace's Guide). Also, he retired from British Army as Honorary Major in April 1945. He was Second Lieutenant in Royal Engineers, and War Substantive Captain in the Regular Army WW2 Emergency Commissions (The Gazette UK, Fold3).
  9. ↑ Dr. Joseph Algernon "Algie" Hare Duke later became the Deputy Director of Industries (UPA&O), and was also awarded the 1935 King George V Silver Jubilee Medal (Forces War Record).
  10. ↑ Government Leather Institute (GLI) was founded in 1941, taking over from Government Leather Working School (GLWS) of 1916 (GLI History).

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Raj Bhawan UP: State Universities". Lucknow: Governor's Secretariat, Raj Bhavan Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  2. ↑ "GoUP institutions". up.gov.in. State Portal, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  3. 1 2 "Raj Bhawan UP: Governor's Role as Chancellor". Lucknow: Governor's Secretariat, Raj Bhavan Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  4. ↑ "Raj Bhawan UP: Vice-Chancellors of universities". Lucknow: Governor's Secretariat, Raj Bhavan Uttar Pradesh. 30 April 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  5. ↑ Sidhartha (12 September 2015). "15 Oldest Engineering Colleges in India". Ignite Engineers Blog. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  6. ↑ Mishra, Kundan (29 March 2023). "What are the Oldest Engineering Colleges in India?". Click4College.com. Click4College. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  7. 1 2 Richey, J.A. (1922). "(I) Technical and Industrial Schools - Chapter VIII - Industrial and Commercial Education". Progress Of Education In India 1917-1922 (Vol. I). Eighth Quinquennial Review. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Press. pp. 176–177. ISBN   978-1-02-108178-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2024.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Alt URL
  8. 1 2 3 4 D. Awasthi (1973). "4. Industry and Trade". Administrative History of Modern India (PDF). National Publishing House. pp. 41–58. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  9. 1 2 3 4 P. Seshadri, ed. (1930). "Appendix V: HBTI, Cawnpore". Handbook of Indian Universities 1930. Cawnpore: Inter-university Board, India. p. 391-392. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017.
  10. 1 2 N.L. Sidhanta, ed. (1942). "Appendix IV: HBTI, Cawnpore". Handbook of Indian Universities 1942. Lucknow: Inter-university Board, India. p. 647-648. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017.
  11. ↑ Macnamara, Michael (3 September 2024). "Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler – An Exceptional Governor of Early Twentieth Century British India – 1890 – 1928". peterlang.com. Peter Lang Group AG. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  12. ↑ "Remarks by Babu Vikramajit Singh". Proceedings of the Legislative Council of the United Provinces: Official Report - 2nd January to 12th March, 1921 (Report). Vol. I. 14 February 1921. p. 46.
  13. ↑ "1. Historical Background". NSI Prospectus 2025 (PDF). Kanpur: National Sugar Institute. p. 3.
  14. ↑ "Historical - National Sugar Institute, Kanpur". Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  15. ↑ "NSI: About Us". NSI Kanpur, DFPD, GoI. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024.
  16. ↑ "Central Control Laboratory, Cawnpore for Ghee, Edible Oils and Vanaspati- Continuance". EH&L Department, GoI. 1939. File No. 65—6A of 1939, Serial Nos. 1—29 (F-65—6/39A) – via National Archives of India.
  17. ↑ "REC Kannauj - About College". reck.ac.in. REC Kannauj. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  18. ↑ "RECM - About The College". REC Mainpuri.
  19. ↑ "मैनपुरी, कन्नौज तथा सोनभद्र इंजीनियरिंग कालेजों में शैक्षिक सत्र 2015-16 से पठन-पाठन प्रारम्भ होगा". shramjeevijournalist.com (in Hindi). Shramjeevi Journalist. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  20. ↑ Bansal, Samarth (11 August 2015). "Back in 1960, the first day of IIT Kanpur" (PDF). IITK Vox Populi.
  21. ↑ Suryadevara, Prahash (28 March 2014). "IITK and its beginnings". IITK Vox Populi.
  22. ↑ Bhushan, Abhay K. (28 September 2014). "Vignettes of History: Abhay Bhushan reminisces (Part I)". IITK Vox Populi.
  23. ↑ "IITK: MSE - History". IIT Kanpur. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  24. ↑ "Paragraph 249 (Technical Education), 57.—Education, CHAPTER VII: INSTRUCTION". Report on the Administration of the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh 1906-07 (Report). Allahabad: F. Luker, Superintendent, Govt. Press, UP. 1908. p. 44. hdl:2027/uc1.c2625877. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020.
  25. ↑ Butler, Spencer Harcourt (1907). "Note by Mr. S.H. Butler on Technical Education". Papers Connected with the Industrial Conference Held at Naini Tal 1907. Government Press Allahabad. pp. 12–25.
  26. ↑ Atul Chandra Chatterjee (31 October 1908). "Preface". Notes on the Industries of the United Provinces. Allahabad: F. Luker, Superintendent, Govt. Press. Archived from the original on 27 October 2008.
  27. 1 2 D. Awasthi (1973). "1. Hereditary, Training and Assignments". Administrative History of Modern India (PDF). National Publishing House. pp. 1–12. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  28. 1 2 S.C. Sen, ed. (1921). "Proceedings of Conference in Lucknow on 10 Nov 1919". Speeches Made by His Excellency Sir Harcourt Butler. Allahabad: The Pioneer Press. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  29. ↑ Hewett, John Prescott (1907). "Opening Address by The Lieutenant Governor". Papers Connected with the Industrial Conference Held at Naini Tal 1907. Government Press Allahabad. pp. 1–11.
  30. ↑ Hewett, John Prescott; et al. (1907). "Final resolutions passed by the Industrial Conference at Naini Tal on Saturday, 31 August 1907". Papers Connected with the Industrial Conference Held at Naini Tal 1907. Government Press Allahabad. pp. 48–53.
  31. ↑ "IIT Roorkee History". Roorkee. December 2007. p. 11.
  32. ↑ Richard Swetenham (ed.). "Sir Edwin Henry de Vere Atkinson, KCB KBE CMG CIE". swetenham.org. Swetenham Family. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
  33. ↑ Atkinson, Edwin Henry de Vere (1907). "Note by Major E.H. de V. Atkinson". Papers Connected with the Industrial Conference Held at Naini Tal 1907. Government Press Allahabad. pp. 25–28.
  34. ↑ Shakespear, Alexander Blake; et al. (1907). "Note presented by Mr. A.B. Shakespear to the sub-committee on Technical Education". Papers Connected with the Industrial Conference Held at Naini Tal 1907. Government Press Allahabad. pp. 28–30.
  35. 1 2 Bhargava, Prakrati (2006). "Modernization of leather industry and chequered history of technical education in colonial Kanpur". Indian Journal of History of Science. 57 (2): 102–114. doi:10.1007/s43539-022-00039-z . Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  36. ↑ "Former CAG". cag.gov.in. Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
  37. ↑ Gillan, Robert Woodburn. "Letter No. 90 dated the 22nd January 1908 (with enclosures)". Papers Connected with the Industrial Conference Held at Naini Tal 1907. Government Press Allahabad. pp. 63–85.
  38. ↑ Claude Fraser De La Fosse. "Form No. 5, C.A. Code, Statement of proposition for establishment of Technological Institute, Cawnpore (Dated 8 January 1908)". Papers Connected with the Industrial Conference Held at Naini Tal 1907. Government Press Allahabad. p. 80.
  39. 1 2 "APPENDIX VIII: RESOLUTION (Dated Naini Tal, the 29th August, 1914)". Minutes of Evidence taken before the Indian Industrial Commission (1916–1918) - Vol. I - Delhi, United Provinces, and Bihar & Orissa (Report). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1919. pp. 196–200.
  40. ↑ Alan William Pim (1917). "APPENDIX X". In R.D. Bell (ed.). Indian Industrial Commission - Minutes of Evidence (1916–1917) - Volume I - Delhi, United Provinces, and Bihar & Orissa (Report). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Press. pp. 203–206.
  41. ↑ Alexander Blake Shakespear (1918). "Written Evidence, Witness No. 27". In G.H.W. Davies (ed.). Indian Industrial Commission - Minutes of Evidence (1916–1918) - Volume VI - Confidential Evidence (PDF) (Report). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Press. p. 5.
  42. ↑ Charles Turner Allen; A.H. Silver; Caetano Mariie DeSouza (1917). "VII. Organization of Technical and scientific Departments of Government, Written Evidence, Witness No. 11, 19, and 24". In R.D. Bell (ed.). Indian Industrial Commission - Minutes of Evidence (1916–1917) - Volume I - Delhi, United Provinces, and Bihar & Orissa (PDF) (Report). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Press. pp. 72–73, 135, 213–214.
  43. ↑ Elliott, E.D. (13 June 1914). "File No. 415/211, 1911, Industries Department" (Document). United Provinces. p. 79.
  44. ↑ Atul Chandra Chatterjee (31 October 1908). "Chapter VIII.—Tanning and Leather Manufacture". Notes on the Industries of the United Provinces. Allahabad: F. Luker, Superintendent, Govt. Press. pp. 98–107. Archived from the original on 27 October 2008.
  45. ↑ Sharma, Monica (1998). "COLONIAL INITIATIVE : The Emergence Of Leather Industry In Cawnpore (1861-1947)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 59. Indian history Congress: 539–547. JSTOR   44147021 . Retrieved 10 July 2025– via JSTOR.
  46. ↑ Roy, Tirthankar (1999). "Factories in Cities (6: Leather)". Traditional Industry In The Economy Of Colonial India. Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society. Cambridge University Press. p. 176. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511497421. ISBN   978-0-511-49742-1.
  47. ↑ Sir Robert Montgomery (January 1849). "Purgunu Jajmow". Statistical Report of the District of Cawnpoor; June, 1848 (Report). Calcutta: James Charles Sherriff, Superintendent, Bengal Military Orphan Press. p. 114.
  48. ↑ Randhawa, Mohindar Singh (1980). A History of Agriculture in India: 1757–1947. Vol. 3. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. p. 366. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  49. ↑ India Office, ed. (February 1916). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1916. London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 61–69 – via NVLI.
  50. ↑ India Office, ed. (April 1919). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1919 (PDF). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 61–69.
  51. ↑ India Office, ed. (March 1920). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1920 (Thirty-Fourth Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 45–53 – via NVLI.
  52. ↑ "Upper India Chamber of Commerce, Golden Jubilee, 1888–1938" (Document). UICC. 1939.
  53. ↑ Hammett Reginald Clode Hailey; Bryce Chudleigh Burt (1917). "VII. Organization of Technical and scientific Departments of Government, Written Evidence, Witness No. 13, and 15". In R.D. Bell (ed.). Indian Industrial Commission - Minutes of Evidence (1916–1917) - Volume I - Delhi, United Provinces, and Bihar & Orissa (Report). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Press. pp. 92, 98, 103–104. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017.
  54. ↑ Holland, Thomas H.; Bell, R.D.; Davies, G.H.W. (1918). "Paragraphs 161, 177–179, Chapter X: Industrial and Technical Education". Report of the Indian Industrial Commission (1916-18) (Report). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India. pp. 110, 118–119.
  55. ↑ Holland, Thomas H.; Bell, R.D.; Davies, G.H.W. (1918). "Paragraph 214 and Table, Chapter XIV: technical Assistance to industries by Government". Report of the Indian Industrial Commission (1916-18) (Report). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India. pp. 140–141.
  56. ↑ Holland, Thomas H.; Bell, R.D.; Davies, G.H.W. (1918). "Paragraph 306 (c), Chapter XXI: Provincial Departments of Industries". Report of the Indian Industrial Commission (1916-18) (Report). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India. p. 189 – via NVLI.
  57. ↑ Keatinge, G.F. (9 March 1910). "II.—Programme of the Agricultural Chemist, 2.—United Provinces of Agra & Oudh, Subject III.—Programmes of Work of the Provincial & Native States Departments of Agriculture". In Mollison, James W.; Hutchinson, Claude M. (eds.). Proceedings of the Board of Agriculture in India Held at Pusa on the 21st of February, 1910 and Following Days (PDF). Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India. pp. 12–13 – via Tamilinaiyam.
  58. ↑ Annett, H. E.; Sen, Jatindra Nath (27 March 2009). "Author Details: H. E. Annett (Affiliation)" . The Journal of Agricultural Science. 9 (4). Cambridge University Press: 416–429. doi:10.1017/S0021859600005256.
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Singh, Yaduvir; Mishra, Vivek, eds. (25 November 2021). The History Book - HBTU (PDF). Kanpur: HBTU Kanpur (Self published ebook).
  60. ↑ "University and Educational News" . Science. New Series. 44 (1136). AAAS (Open JStore Collection): 494–495. 6 October 1916. Bibcode:1916Sci....44..494.. doi:10.1126/science.44.1136.494. JSTOR   1641629.
  61. ↑ "University and Educational intelligence (Nature, No. 2447)" (PDF). Nature. 98 (2447). Nature Group Publishing: 63–64. 21 September 1916. doi:10.1038/098063a0.
  62. ↑ India Office, ed. (February 1916). "Officers Employed in Bengal". The India Office List for 1916. London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 44–52 – via NVLI.
  63. ↑ India Office, ed. (March 1920). "Officers Employed in Bengal". The India Office List for 1920 (Thirty-Fourth Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 27–35 – via NVLI.
  64. ↑ "Chemistry Tree: Edwin Roy Watson". The Academic Family Tree. 24 April 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2025.
  65. ↑ "Meteorology Tree: C.T.R. Wilson". The Academic Family Tree. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2025.
  66. 1 2 Government Secretariat of United Provinces, ed. (15 May 1947). "Section XXIII—Industries Department". The Civil List: Part I for The United Provinces. Allahabad: Superintendent, Printing and Stationery, UP, India. p. 316. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  67. ↑ S.G. Misra (1990). "Nil Ratan Dhar (1892—1986): Foundation Fellow" (PDF). In V.L. Chopra; D.V.S. Jain (eds.). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of INSA. Vol. 14. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy. pp. 10, 22.
  68. 1 2 3 India Office, ed. (June 1922). "Officers Employed in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh". The India Office List for 1922 (Thirty-Sixth Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 49–59 – via Dhananjayrao Gadgil Library of Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics.
  69. ↑ "SIR HARCOURT (SPENCER) BUTLER: First Governor of UP". upgovernor.gov.in. Govt of UP. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012.
  70. 1 2 "Sir Harcourt (Spencer) Butler". upgovernor.gov.in. Lucknow: Governor's Secretariat, Raj Bhavan Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  71. 1 2 3 India Office, ed. (March 1921). "Officers Employed in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh". The India Office List for 1921 (PDF) (Thirty-Fifth Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 49–59.
  72. ↑ "A Brief History Of HBTI". hbti.edu. HBTI, Kanpur. Archived from the original on 23 August 2000.
  73. ↑ India Office, ed. (March 1926). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1926 (Fortieth Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. p. 59. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017 – via Digital Library of India.
  74. ↑ "UPTTI - About Us". Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  75. ↑ India Office, ed. (February 1925). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1925 (Thirty-Ninth Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 49–59 – via Dhananjayrao Gadgil Library of Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics.
  76. ↑ "Harcourt Butler Technological Institute". Archived from the original on 21 April 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  77. ↑ India Office, ed. (May 1923). "Officers Employed in Burma". The India Office List for 1923 (PDF) (Thirty-Seventh Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. p. 75.
  78. ↑ "Written Statement, dated the 7th November 1929, of Mr. M. B. Hudlikar, M.Sc. (Leeds)". Report of the Hides Cess Inquiry Committee (Report). Vol. II (Evidence). Calcutta: Central Publication Branch, GoI. 1930. p. 43. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2025.
  79. ↑ Proceeding of the Industries Department (Report). Govt. of United Provinces, Superintendent Government Press. November 1924. pp. 61–63.
  80. ↑ Duke, J.A.H.; Shah, S.P. (1934). "Appendix I.— Note on Importance of Leather Industry". Report of the Industries Reorganization Committee (Report). Allahabad: Superintendent, Printing & Stationery, United Provinces. pp. 1A –4A. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2025– via Digital Library of India.
  81. ↑ Mackenzie, Arthur Henry; et al. (1932). Report of the Inquiry Committee on the Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (Report). Superintendent, Government Press, United Provinces.
  82. 1 2 Bhargava, Prakrati (19 June 2024). "Industrialization and Technical Education in Colonial India: A case study of Imperial Institute of Sugar Technology, Kanpur". Indian Journal of History of Science. 59 (5): 165–177. doi:10.1007/s43539-024-00126-3 . Retrieved 2 August 2025.
  83. ↑ Pillai, S.C.; Viswanath, Kasi (1 December 1984). "Gilbert John Fowler (1868-1953): Foundation Fellow 1935". In G S Venkataraman; A N Mitra (eds.). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of INSA (PDF). Vol. 9. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy. pp. 1–8. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
  84. ↑ Ramaswamy, Karthik (29 December 2020). "The Science of Gilbert Fowler". Bengaluru: Connect, OOC, IISc.
  85. ↑ India Office, ed. (March 1927). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1927 (Forty-First Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. p. 72. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017 – via Digital Library of India.
  86. ↑ RCHBTI (1929). Report of a Committee on the Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (Report). Govt. of United Provinces, Superintendent Government Press. pp. 58–59.
  87. ↑ P. Seshadri, ed. (1932). "Appendix V: HBTI, Cawnpore". Handbook of Indian Universities 1932. Nawabganj, Cawnpore: Inter-university Board, India. p. 413-414. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017.
  88. ↑ Srivastava, J.P.; Stampe, William Leonard; Donaldson, J.C.; et al. (1934). "Paragraph 223, Chapter VIII: Organisation Of The Department". Report of the Industries Reorganization Committee (Report). Allahabad: Superintendent, Printing & Stationery, United Provinces. p. 115-118. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2025– via NVLI.
  89. ↑ "Biographies: SRIVASTAVA, Dr. Sir Jwala Prasad". Who's Who 1954. London, UK: Adam & Charles Black Ltd. January 1954. p. 2773. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  90. 1 2 India Office, ed. (April 1933). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1933 (Forty-Seventh Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 66–74.
  91. 1 2 Srivastava, J.P.; Stampe, William Leonard; Donaldson, J.C.; et al. (1934). "Paragraphs 173 & 174, Section B — Individual Institutions, Chapter VII: Industrial And Technical Education". Report of the Industries Reorganization Committee (Report). Allahabad: Superintendent, Printing & Stationery, United Provinces. p. 89-90. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2025– via NVLI.
  92. ↑ "NASI: Founder Fellows". nasi.org.in. National Academy of Sciences, India. Retrieved 10 July 2025.
  93. ↑ B.N. Dhawan; Niraj Kumar (2005). "1. Conception & Birth". The Journey of NASI (1930-2005) (PDF). Allahabad: General Secretary, NASI. p. 5.
  94. ↑ Sir Richard Paget (24 May 1924). "Fused Silica" (PDF). Nature. 113 (2847): 752.
  95. ↑ India Office, ed. (July 1924). "Officers Employed in UPA&O". The India Office List for 1924 (PDF) (Thirty-Eighth Publication ed.). London: Harrison and Sons. pp. 49–59.
  96. ↑ A.R. Wadia, ed. (1936). "Appendix IV: HBTI, Cawnpore". Handbook of Indian Universities 1936. Mysore: Inter-university Board, India. p. 473-474. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017.
  97. ↑ N.K. Sidhanta, ed. (1938). "Appendix IV: HBTI, Cawnpore". Handbook of Indian Universities 1938. Bangalore: Inter-university Board, India. p. 498-499. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017.
  98. ↑ Srivastava, J.P. (1934). "Appendix VII — Table II: S.No. 1". Report of the Industries Reorganization Committee (Report). Allahabad: Superintendent, Printing & Stationery, United Provinces. p. 45A. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2025– via Digital Library of India.
  99. ↑ James MacKenna; et al. (1920). "Paragraphs 371–374, CHAPTER XXIII: Formation of an Indian Sugar Board". Report of The Indian Sugar Committee (Report). Simla: Superintendent, Government Central Press. pp. 364–369. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021.
  100. ↑ "GoI DFPD - NSI".
  101. ↑ "Organisations: National Sugar Institute, Kanpur". DFPD, GoI. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  102. ↑ "NSI: About Us (website footer)". NSI, DFPD, GoI. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  103. ↑ "Alumni from Chemical Engineering Department: Memoirs, 2. Prof. Ranvir Aggarwal" (PDF). Chemical Engineering Department, HBTU. 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2025.
  104. ↑ "Former director of BITS Pilani C.R. Mitra dead". TwoCircles.net. TwoCircles.net (TCN). Indo-Asian News Service. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  105. ↑ "Dr. Tarun K. Ghosh Tribute" (PDF). IIT Delhi. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  106. ↑ "Prof. T.K. Ghosh Endowment". IIT Delhi. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  107. ↑ Board of Governors. HBTI (Kanpur) Society Bye Laws (PDF) (Bye-Laws). Kanpur, UP: HBTI (Kanpur) Society. Section 11 (i), p. 19. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  108. ↑ Dileepan Narayanan, ed. (2008). "In Memoriam: C.R. Mitra" (PDF). Sandpaper 2.0 (BITS Pilani Alumni Magazine). BITSAA International. p. 40. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  109. ↑ Natarajan, Dr. BR (28 August 2008). "Dr CR Mitra doyen of Higher Education in India and Former Director BITS Pilani is a Legacy". Pilani: NewswireTODAY.
  110. ↑ Leslie, Stuart W.; Kargon, Robert (2006). "Exporting MIT". Osiris. 21 (1). The University of Chicago Press: 122. doi:10.1086/507138. JSTOR   10.1086/507138.
  111. ↑ "STEP-HBTI: Campus Profile". stephbti.ac.in. STEP-HBTI. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  112. ↑ Nakul Parashar; Kinkini Dasgupta (eds.). "List of DST Incubators (TBI/NIDHI TBI/COE/STEP)". 75 Impactful Startups : DST Incubation Program (PDF). New Delhi: Vigyan Prasar, DST, GoI. p. 104. ISBN   978-8-174-80391-7.
  113. ↑ "STEP-HBTI Governing Body". stephbti.ac.in. STEP HBTI. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  114. ↑ "Information Brochure 2018-19" (PDF). Kanpur: HBTU. p. 1.
  115. ↑ "Strategic Plan 2021-30" (PDF). Kanpur: HBTU. p. 1–2.
  116. ↑ "UPTU sets norms to improve quality of technical education". The Times of India. 4 December 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  117. ↑ "HBTI Autonomy" (PDF). HBTI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
  118. ↑ "Govt to grant autonomy to HBTI". Hindustan Times. HT Media Ltd. 26 November 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  119. ↑ "HBTI gets autonomy, to be developed as 'centre of excellence'". Oneindia. One.in Digitech Media Pvt. Ltd. 10 March 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  120. ↑ "Poor power supply hits HBTI hostel inmates". Hindustan Times. 29 April 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  121. ↑ "Inmates face trouble in HBTI hostel". Hindustan Times. 7 May 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  122. ↑ Sumit Arora (6 December 2013). "Why HBTI website is with worst look, feel and functioning". thecareertools.wordpress.com. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  123. ↑ "Delay in HBTI appointments hits teaching". Hindustan Times. 17 March 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  124. ↑ "HBTI facing crises of teachers". Hindustan Times. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  125. ↑ "Uncertainty looms over HBTI interviews". Hindustan Times. 1 March 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  126. ↑ "HBTI teachers await grade, seniority". Hindustan Times. 1 July 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  127. ↑ "HBTI Cell fails to achieve target". Hindustan Times. 14 November 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  128. ↑ "FIR against HBTI Registrar, former Director". The Times of India. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  129. ↑ "HBTI better than top 10 institutes in country". Hindustan Times. 26 November 2006. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  130. ↑ "Don't Meddle in Fund Management". Hindustan Times. 25 November 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  131. ↑ Vishnu Pandey (29 January 2013). "Kanpur emerging as technical education hub". Business Standard. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  132. ↑ "HBTI gets new acting director". The Times of India. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  133. ↑ "HBTI to soon get a permanent director". The Times of India. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  134. ↑ Shikha Salaria (16 June 2023). Amrtansh Arora (ed.). "'Misappropriation of funds, extortion'— why is Kanpur University VC Vinay Pathak under CBI lens". The Print.
  135. ↑ "HBTI gets university status". The Times of India. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  136. ↑ "The UP HBTU Act 2016". UP Code Portal. UP Legislative Department, GoUP. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  137. ↑ "IET Professor is HBTU's first VC". The Times of India. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  138. ↑ "HBTU कानपुर के कुलपति का कार्यकाल तीन साल बढ़ा" (in Hindi). Dainik Bhaskar. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  139. ↑ Rajeev Mullick (27 June 2021). "Kovind assures govt's help to proposals by VCs of CSJMU, HBTU & IIT-K director". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  140. ↑ "Paragraphs 187–198, 26. Industrial Output, Chapter IV: Production and Distribution". Report On The Administration Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh 1926-27. Lucknow: Govt Branch Press. 1928. pp. 72–76. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  141. ↑ "HBTU Tagore Central Library eBooks". hbtu.ac.in. HBTU, Kanpur.
  142. ↑ "eSS HE e-Resources for HBTU". inflibnet.ac.in (INFLIBNET Centre). UGC, MHRD, GoI. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  143. ↑ "Inflibnet ShodhShuddhi PDS - Beneficiary Institutions". inflibnet.ac.in (INFLIBNET Centre). UGC, MHRD, GoI. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  144. ↑ "OTAI Zonal Offices: Head Office". otai.org. Oil Technologists Association of India. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  145. ↑ "Council For Leather Exports". leatherindia.org. Council of Leather Exports. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012.
  146. ↑ "IEI Network: UP State Centre". Institution of Engineers (India). Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  147. ↑ "IIChE Kanpur Regional Centre". iiche.org.in. Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  148. ↑ "PACT: About Us". Paint & Coating Technologist Association. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  149. 1 2 "HBTU Official Organogram" (PDF). HBTU Kanpur.
  150. ↑ "UGC Universities". UGC, GoI. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  151. ↑ "AICTE approved dashboard". AICTE. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  152. ↑ "NAAC A&A Dashboard". NAAC. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  153. ↑ "IITK Director to be HBTI's mentor". The Times of India. 27 October 2005. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  154. ↑ "News & Broadcast – India Technical and Engineering Education". web.worldbank.org.
  155. ↑ "Minutes of the 8th Meeting of Project Approval Board (PAB) of RUSA" (PDF). GoI. p. 52. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  156. ↑ "IIT Guwahati - List of TEQIP-II Mapped Institutions" (PDF). IIT Guwahati.
  157. ↑ "IIT Guwahati - CET - TEQIP-III" . Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  158. ↑ S.C. Sen, ed. (1921). "Convocation of Allahabad University on 25 Jan 1919". Speeches Made by His Excellency Sir Harcourt Butler. Allahabad: The Pioneer Press. p. 7. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  159. ↑ "Univ of Guelph - The Atrium". Univ. of Guelph, Canada.
  160. ↑ ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22 (PDF) (Report). HBTU Kanpur. 2022.
  161. ↑ "HBTU Research Projects". hbtu.ac.in. Retrieved 22 June 2025.
  162. ↑ "RuTAG Partner: HBTI Kanpur". Kanpur: RuTAG, IIT Kanpur. 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2025.
  163. ↑ "एचबीटीयू के पेंट टेक्नोलॉजी विभाग के सेंटर ऑफ एक्सीलेंस में जून में चलाया जाएगा ट्रेनिंग प्रोग्राम". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). 12 May 2025. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  164. ↑ Prathap, Gagan; Gupta, B.M. (10 August 2009). "Ranking of Indian engineering and technological institutes for their research performance during 1999–2008". Current Science. 97 (3). Current Science Association, and Indian Academy of Sciences (JSTOR): 304–306. JSTOR   24111992.
  165. ↑ Kamakshi Bishnoi (25 July 2025). "Kanpur News: HBTU Opens CUET-Based Admissions For THESE Courses". The Daily Jagran. Jagran Prakashan Ltd. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  166. ↑ "HBTU Programs". UP Technical Education Department, GoUP. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  167. ↑ Sanjay Sharma (26 June 2023). "NIT MCA CET 2023 Results Shortly". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  168. ↑ "एचबीटीयू में एमबीए में प्रवेश कैट, सीमैट, एआईएमए-एमएटी और सीयूईटी (पीजी) के स्कोर के आधार पर". Hindustan (in Hindi). Kanpur: HT Digital Streams Ltd. 3 April 2025.
  169. ↑ President's Secretariat, ed. (30 November 2019). "Address by the Hon'ble President of India Shri Ram Nath Kovind on the Occasion of Inauguration of 'ICRACCIT 2019'" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, GoI. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  170. ↑ Ajay Singh (3 March 2014). "Kanpur: where politics is now a joke". GovernanceNow. SABGROUP Publishing Division. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  171. ↑ "Kanpur: Industrial Graveyard". India Today . Living Media India d.b.a. India Today Group. 15 October 1986.
  172. ↑ Chowdhury, Kavita (21 January 2013). "Kanpur: Decline of an industrial hub". Business Standard. Business Standard Pvt. Ltd.
  173. ↑ Sharma, Devika (18 July 2016). "Kanpur: The Slow Decline of a Historic Legacy". TheCitizen.in. GSA Azadi Media Pvt. Ltd.
  174. ↑ Kumar, Vikas (7 August 2021). "UP began declining after the 1980s. Old industrial cities played a big role". ThePrint. Printline Media Pvt. Ltd.
  175. ↑ K.M. Mohapatra; R.P. Singh; J.S.P. Rai (3 July 2015). "A Model to Evaluate Teaching and Institutional Performance in Higher Education — A Case Study of HBTI, Kanpur" (PDF). Journal of Educational Planning and Administration. XXIX (3). National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration: 266–267.
  176. ↑ Prabhudesai, Arun (2007). "Top 100 Engineering colleges in India". Trak.in.
  177. ↑ "'Outlook' Ranking of Top Govt. Engineering Colleges-India". admissionsource.wordpress.com. 2 August 2007.
  178. ↑ Yuen, Kelvin Wong Loke. "Top Government Engineering Colleges in India". worldranking.blogspot.com.
  179. ↑ "Cover Story: Top 50 Govt Engineering Colleges". Outlook India. 11 June 2007. Archived from the original on 30 July 2010.
  180. ↑ "The Complete Scorecard". ciol.com. Cyber Media (India) Ltd. 23 May 2005. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008.
  181. ↑ "DQ IDC Complete Score Card" (PDF). DQ India.
  182. ↑ "DQ-CMR T-School Survey 2012". DQ India. 15 December 2012. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013.
  183. ↑ Koshy, Jacob P. (12 June 2008). "Top 50 Govt Engg Colleges 2008 PDF" (PDF). Mint.
  184. ↑ Shah, Gouri (23 June 2009). "Top 50 Govt Engg Colleges 2009 PDF" (PDF). Mint.
  185. ↑ "Top Engg Colleges". Outlook India.
  186. ↑ "Top Engg Colleges". Outlook India.
  187. ↑ "Top 75 Engg Colleges". Outlook India.
  188. ↑ "Engg Colleges Ranking 2012". Careers360.com.
  189. ↑ "Best engineering colleges in India". digit.in.
  190. ↑ "Edu-Rand Rankings 2015". edu-leaders.com.
  191. ↑ "HBTU Centenary Year". HBTU Kanpur.
  192. ↑ President's Secretariat, ed. (25 November 2021). "Institutions like HBTU should inculcate spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship in their students: President Kovind" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, GoI. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  193. ↑ Office of Shri Ram Nath Kovind, ed. (25 November 2021). "President of India Graces the Centenary Celebrations of HBTU Kanpur". Rashtrapati Bhavan. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  194. ↑ "Kovind says new education policy will strengthen regional languages". Hindustan Times. HT Media. 26 November 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  195. ↑ Pandey, Shikha (23 November 2021). "यूपी: 400 किलो के कैप्सूल में रखा जाएगा एचबीटीयू का इतिहास, 60 फीट ऊंचे शताब्दी स्तंभ में किया जाएगा सुरक्षित". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). Kanpur.
  196. ↑ "Golden History Of 100 Years Was Kept In 400 Kg Capsule". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). Kanpur. November 2021.
  197. ↑ Agnihotri, Abhishek (22 November 2021). "कानपुर: टाइम कैप्सूल में सुरक्षित होगा HBTU का इतिहास, राष्ट्रपति रिमोट का बटन दबाकर करेंगे जमींदोज". Jagran (in Hindi). Kanpur.
  198. ↑ "History of HBTU will be visible on the postage stamp of Rs. 5". Hindustan (in Hindi). Kanpur. 18 August 2021.
  199. ↑ Agnihotri, Abhishek (25 November 2021). "HBTU के छात्र व शिक्षक खरीद सकेंगे स्मारक सिक्का और डाक टिकट, जानिए खासियत और कैसे हाेगा हासिल". Jagran (in Hindi). Kanpur.
  200. ↑ S Navaneethan Ramanujam (21 November 2021). "New Commemorative Coin: HBTU, Kanpur". Numismatics Collections. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  201. ↑ "HBTU Centenary Celebrations Commemorative Coin". SPMCIL, GoI.
  202. ↑ Agnihotri, Abhishek (20 November 2021). "एचबीटीयू में शताब्दी समारोह में देखने को मिलेगा 100 रुपये का सिक्का, जानिए- क्यों होगा ये खास". Jagran (in Hindi). Kanpur.
  203. ↑ "SAC - Student Activities". HBTU Kanpur.
  204. ↑ "HBTI cultural fest begins". Hindustan Times. 24 November 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  205. ↑ "All sway to Taal at HBTI". The Times of India. 18 October 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  206. ↑ "India Inspired: First online essay contest". Hindustan Times. 19 February 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  207. ↑ "Fun and frolic reach peak at 'Odyssey 2014'". The Times of India. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  208. ↑ "Tech Era 2006 set to start". Hindustan Times. 4 March 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  209. ↑ "HBTI set to organise tech fest". The Times of India. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  210. ↑ "Resonance comes to end". The Times of India. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  211. ↑ "2 day fest begins at HBTI". The Times of India. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  212. ↑ "HBTI Lit Fest ends with model UN". the Times of India. 4 March 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  213. ↑ "2-day fest at HBTI". The Times of India. 15 October 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  214. ↑ "'Udbhav' begins at HBTI". The Times of India. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  215. ↑ TNN (27 November 2012). "Harcourtians Recall Good Old Days at HBTI". The Times of India . Bennett Coleman and Company Limited (BCCL) d/b/a The Times Group . Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  216. ↑ Kumar, Abhineet (15 August 2003). "Harcourtians Return It With Love". The Times of India . Bennett Coleman and Company Limited (BCCL) d/b/a The Times Group . Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  217. ↑ Kritika Agrawal (30 November 2014). "Nostalgia and Ecstasy Mark HBTI Alumni Get-Together". The Times of India. Kanpur: B.C.C.L. dba The Times Group. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  218. ↑ "India Covid Relief Fundraiser by HANA". IIP Foundation. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  219. ↑ "Alumni Meet of HBTI Today". The Times of India. Bennett Coleman and Company Limited d/b/a The Times Group. 27 November 2010.
  220. ↑ Abhinav Malhotra (27 November 2010). "HBTI's Sixth International Alumni Meet". The Times of India. B.C.C.L. dba The Times Group.
  221. ↑ "HBTI Alumni Meet Ends with Calls to Make Future Better". The Times of India. B.C.C.L. d.b.a. (o/a) The Times Group. 1 December 2014.
  222. ↑ "HBTI alumni met begins". The Times of India. 24 November 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  223. ↑ "Alumni Cell". HBTU Kanpur.
  224. ↑ "K.D. Malviya: Father of India's Hydrocarbon Industry". The Hindu Business Line. 9 October 2017.
  225. ↑ "Malviya, Shri Keshav Dev". Data Is Info.
  226. ↑ Rao, M.B.R. (1 July 1981). "K. D. Malaviya(1903-1981)". Journal of Geological Society of India. 22 (7): 354–355. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  227. ↑ "CSV - About Us". Centre of Science for Villages.
  228. ↑ "Genesis - Magan Sanghralaya". Magan Sanghralaya Samiti.
  229. ↑ "Devendra Kumar". Source Watch. Centre for Media and Democracy. 25 December 2019.
  230. ↑ Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation, ed. (3 July 2017). "Making Gobar Gas Plants to Working Under Mrs Gandhi, Late Dr. Devendra Kumar Was a Humble Giant". The Better India . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  231. ↑ "JBA 1998: Dr. Devendra Kumar Biography" (PDF). Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation. 1998. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  232. ↑ "Bank of Baroda's ex-chief Anil K. Khandelwal's book is riveting". businesstoday.intoday.in. 2 August 2011.
  233. ↑ "MoneyControl - BoB CMD Anil Khandelwal". Moneycontrol.
  234. ↑ "TAB Leadership Achievement Awards: Winner 2007". asianbankerawards.com. the Asian Banker. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  235. ↑ "TAB Leadership Achievement Awards: Photo Gallery 2008". asianbankerawards.com. the Asian Banker. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  236. ↑ "Meet PhysicsWallah founder Alakh Pandey: I am like an unstable atom, hum hain toh insaan". Moneycontrol. 16 August 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  237. ↑ Press Trust of India (7 June 2022). "PW Turns 101th Indian Unicorn With $100m Fundraise". Outlook Business. Outlook Publishing (India) Pvt. Ltd.
  238. ↑ Akshatraj Gupta (6 July 2022). "How Physics Wallah Became a Unicorn in India's Ed-Tech Industry". Finology Insider. Finology Ventures Pvt. Ltd. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  239. ↑ R. Chandra Mouli (21 July 2025). "Physics Wallah's journey from YouTube to unicorn: IPO, expansion, and what's next". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  240. ↑ "IndiaMART Corporate - Board Members". 19 August 2014.
  241. ↑ Agarwal, Dinesh. "Dinesh Agarwal: About Me" . Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  242. ↑ "G2B and B2B Portals". eoiparis.gov.in. Embassy of India, GoI. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  243. ↑ "K.K. Pant Biosketch". IIT Delhi. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  244. ↑ "Our Speakers - Prof. K.K. Pant". India Education Awards 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  245. ↑ "DR. S. S. DESHPANDE NATIONAL AWARD" (PDF). Indore: Govt Holkar Science College. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  246. ↑ "A.Word.A.Day - About". wordsmith.org. Anu Garg.
  247. ↑ Wood, Peter (15 December 2009). "The Philomath Speaks: An Interview with Anu Garg". National Association of Scholars . Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  248. ↑ Hafner, Katie (28 November 2002). "A Word of the Day Keeps Banality at Bay". NYT. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  249. ↑ "Books by Anu Garg". Anu Garg.
  250. ↑ "Anu Gargs's Home on the Web". Anu Garg.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.