Two-lane expressway

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The Plimoth Patuxet Highway in Massachusetts is a two-lane divided freeway. Plimoth Plantation Highway2.JPG
The Plimoth Patuxet Highway in Massachusetts is a two-lane divided freeway.

A two-lane expressway or two-lane freeway is an expressway or freeway with only one lane in each direction, and usually no median barrier. It may be built that way because of constraints, or may be intended for expansion once traffic volumes rise. The term super two is often used by roadgeeks for this type of road, but traffic engineers use that term for a high-quality surface road. Most of these roads are not tolled.

Contents

A somewhat related concept is a "four-lane undivided freeway". This is much rarer; a current example is U.S. Route 101 in California through Humboldt Redwoods State Park.

In Europe, the concept of express road encompasses roads which are classified between a motorway and an ordinary road. This concept is recognized both by European Union law and under the UNECE treaty. This type of road is not very standardized, and its geometry may vary from country to country or within a same country. These roads are usually, but not always, limited-access roads. Some European union regulation considers the high-quality roads to be roads "which play an important role in long-distance freight and passenger traffic, integrate the main urban and economic centres, interconnect with other transport modes and link mountainous, remote, landlocked and peripheral NUTS 2 regions to central regions of the Union". According to this same regulation "High-quality roads shall be specially designed and built for motor traffic, and shall be either motorways, express roads or conventional strategic roads."

Justification

Two-lane freeways are usually built as a temporary solution due to lack of funds, as an environmental compromise or as a way to overcome problems constrained from highway reconstruction when there are four lanes or more. If the road is widened, the existing road is typically allocated to traffic going in one direction, and the lanes for the other direction are built as a whole new roadbed adjacent to the existing one. When upgraded in this manner, the road becomes a typical freeway. Many two-lane freeways are built so that when the road is upgraded to a proper divided freeway, the existing overpasses and ramps do not need reconstruction.[ citation needed ]

A super-2 expressway is a high-speed surface road with at-grade intersections, depending on the common usage of the term expressway in the area. By this definition, Super-2s can be considered the first stage of project which is expected to become a full freeway, with the transportation authority owning the land necessary for the future adjacent carriageway. At-grade intersections exist but there is sufficient land to replace them with interchanges. In some US states, a super-2 expressway is simply referred to as a super-2, regardless of whether it is fully controlled-access or not. Highway 410 in Ontario was originally a super-2 before being upgraded to a full freeway. Similarly, most of Highway 102 in Nova Scotia was a super-2 for three decades before being upgraded. Many super-2 expressways are simply just short transitional segments between surface street and four-lane divided freeways.

A super-4 expressway is a multi-lane divided highway with at-grade intersections, although the highway will become a full controlled-access freeway if the intersections are replaced with interchanges. A super-4 may have been a super-2 that has been twinned, although such instances of super-4 intermediaries are rare as super-2s are often upgraded right away to full freeways. Highway 40 in Ontario is a super-4 expressway between Highway 402 and Wellington St., and from Indian Rd to Rokeby Line. The remaining sections of Highway 40 are super-2 expressways. Other super-4 expressways include the Hanlon Parkway in Guelph and Black Creek Drive in Toronto, both which have sufficient right of way to allow for interchanges and overpasses to replace the at-grade crossings.

When a super-2 expressway is converted to a four-lane divided freeway, conversion artifacts such as double yellow lines, or broken yellow lines in passing zones are usually cleanly bestowed in favor of more consistent road marking for four-lane divided expressways.

List of two-lane freeways

Argentina

Australia

The Kingston Bypass Bypass2.jpg
The Kingston Bypass

Canada

Europe

Finnish national road 6 is a two-lane expressway at Kouvola, Finland. Valtatiet 6 ja 12 Kouvolan lansipuolella 3.9.2011.JPG
Finnish national road 6 is a two-lane expressway at Kouvola, Finland.

Japan

Two-lane expressway in Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan ObihiroHirooExpwy.jpg
Two-lane expressway in Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan

While most expressways in Japan are four-lane divided expressways with median barriers, some expressways in rural areas are two-lane expressways, such as some sections of the Hokkaidō Expressway. The two-lane expressways in Japan are built in the same manner as the ordinary four-lane expressways with grade-separated interchanges and full access control, allowing future conversions to full four-lane divided expressways. [3]

Malaysia

The two-lane expressway section of the South Klang Valley Expressway E26 in Malaysia Hezery99-SKVE Section 3.JPG
The two-lane expressway section of the South Klang Valley Expressway E26 in Malaysia
The Sungai Johor Bridge and two-lane expressway as be seen from the westbound of Senai-Desaru Expressway in May 2016 Sungai Johor Bridge at Senai-Desaru Expressway.JPG
The Sungai Johor Bridge and two-lane expressway as be seen from the westbound of Senai–Desaru Expressway in May 2016

The two-lane expressway is not a new concept in Malaysia, as the Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway was initially a two-lane toll expressway before being upgraded to a full expressway in 1997. [4] While the full four-lane divided toll expressways are more favored in recent years due to their higher traffic capacity, a few two-lane expressways do exist, such as the Kempas Highway and the North Klang Straits Bypass. These expressways, however, only have partial access control with at-grade intersections commonly available like most other federal and state roads. Nevertheless, these two-lane highways are still classified as "two-lane expressways" as they are maintained by highway concessionaires, namely PLUS Expressways Berhad (Kempas Highway) and Shapadu (North Klang Straits Bypass). Meanwhile, the South Klang Valley Expressway at Teluk Panglima Garang is a two-lane carriageway making it the first true two-lane expressway in Klang Valley and the second in Malaysia.

The first true two-lane expressway with full access control is the section of the Senai–Desaru Expressway between Cahaya Baru and Penawar. [5]

Mexico

New Zealand

Motorways
Expressways

Philippines

The Subic Freeport Expressway before its expansion in 2020. Tipo, Bataan, Philippines - panoramio (1).jpg
The Subic Freeport Expressway before its expansion in 2020.

South Africa

Some sections of two-lane freeway can be found on the N1 and the N2 highways.

United Kingdom

United States

Arizona

A portion of State Route 80 in the vicinity of Bisbee is a two-lane expressway with an interchange at West Boulevard and Tombstone Canyon Road (Historic US 80). [7]

California

Connecticut

  • A one-mile (1.6 km) portion of the Milford Parkway from the Wilbur Cross Parkway to Wheelers Farms Road in Milford. This divided two-lane extension of the original connector opened in 1993.
  • Route 190 between Route 159 in Suffield and the Pearl Street underpass in Enfield is a two-lane freeway. It was originally planned to be a four-lane freeway across northern Connecticut.
  • Route 2A from the eastbound on-ramp from Mohegan Boulevard to Route 12 (0.8 miles or 1.3 kilometres).

Florida

Kansas

Kentucky

  • The Hal Rogers Parkway (formerly Daniel Boone Parkway), connecting Hazard and London, is a two-lane freeway for virtually its entire length (approximately 65 miles (105 km)), with occasional truck lanes on hills. The only four-lane section is the northern bypass of London at the road's western end. Originally, the road was tolled from the eastern end of the London bypass to Hazard. Upgrading to four lanes had been considered in the early 21st century as part of a possible extension to Interstate 66, but I-66 was officially killed in 2015.
  • The Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway, another road that was originally a toll road but has since ceased toll collection, is a two-lane freeway from exit 46 at Campton to the road's eastern terminus in Salyersville. In 2014, Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear announced a proposal to upgrade the two-lane section to four lanes, and extend the parkway a further 16 miles (26 km) to Prestonsburg. [12]

Louisiana

Maine

  • Interstate 95 north of Bangor was originally constructed as a two-lane freeway. In 1981 the present divided highway was completed between Bangor and Houlton at the Canadian border.
  • The I-395/Route 9 Connector, which will provide an all-freeway link between Interstate 95 in Bangor and Maine State Route 9 in Eddington via Interstate 395, is being built as a two-lane freeway. [15] [16]

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

  • A rare instance of a two-lane freeway that was restricted to only one direction of traffic existed in Michigan at one time, of which U.S. Highway 16 was restricted to eastbound traffic when bypassing Farmington, Michigan. This rare instance permitted passing traffic without the liability of a head-on collision, though this changed when it was upgraded to a four-lane divided freeway which became I-96, and later M-102, then M-5.
  • M-231 is a two-lane freeway built as a “U.S. 31 emergency Route” between Interstate 96 and M-104 to M-45 with one at grade intersection at Lincoln St near Robinson. Future plans call for southward extensions and widening of M-231

Minnesota

Missouri

  • U.S. Route 54 bypasses Mexico, on a two-lane expressway around the city. The two-lane expressway both begins and ends at the original route through Mexico, now signed as Business Loop 54. The divided highway begins just east of the West Mexico Interchange, while the east end is only a set of ramps to eventually be connected to the planned expressway. Another two-lane freeway section is a north bypass of Bowling Green with a grade separated crossing at Business US Route 61 and a diamond interchange at U.S. Route 61 (intersections are on 54) that has grading for a full cloverleaf interchange.
  • U.S. Route 65 in Warsaw, is a two-lane expressway from Route MM to just north of Main Street. The portion from north of Main Street to North Dam Access Road become a four-lane expressway in 2012.

Montana

New Hampshire

New Jersey

  • The Freehold Bypass of Route 33 is a two-lane freeway between Halls Mill Road (County Route 55) and Brickyard Road. There is a full cloverleaf at Halls Mill, a westbound entrance at Howell Road, and full access from Fairfield Road.

New York

  • An example of a two-lane parkway is Bethpage State Parkway on Long Island. This was constructed by Robert Moses as a two-lane freeway in part due to aesthetics. Like most parkways (especially those created by Moses), the road was originally meant to deliver a pleasurable motoring experience, and as such incorporates natural scenery, as well as pedestrian and bicycle trails for those who choose not to drive.
  • New York State Route 85 near Albany contains a section of approximately two miles (3.2 km) of two-lane freeway extending from the Albany city line to the roundabout at Blessing Road. This section, colloquially known as the Slingerlands Bypass, was originally constructed as two lanes of a four-lane freeway when it was designed in the 1940s and 1950s. However, the remaining two lanes were never completed. In the future, the unused portions of adjacent land could easily be used to construct the two lanes originally planned, with minimal effort, if necessary. This is due to the fact that most of the grading and drainage is already present from the original construction work.
  • New York State Route 5S has a two-lane freeway section between Ilion and its junction with New York State Route 28. The highway is a divided four-lane freeway west of this, extending to Utica.

North Carolina

Ohio

US 33 in southeast Ohio US33SEOH.JPG
US 33 in southeast Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

  • U.S. Route 97 is a 2 and 3 lane undivided freeway bypass of Wasco. Also parts of the Klamath Falls bypass are 2 lane undivided freeway.
  • U.S. Route 101, from the southern edge of Cannon Beach north to the interchange with U.S. Route 26 south of Seaside.
  • Oregon Route 22 is a four-lane divided freeway from Salem east to just north of Aumsville. It becomes a true freeway for about five miles (8.0 km) through Stayton/Sublimity, then is a two-lane freeway for about another mile east. (The freeway section between Aumsville and Stayton used to be a two-lane freeway.)

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

  • U.S. Route 2 between Bickford Road and 92nd St S.E. around Snohomish.
  • U.S. Route 101 from the interchange with State Route 3 to the northern city limits of Shelton (half-freeway with two-way traffic on northbound side and no plans for the southbound half being constructed) and a section between Sequim and Port Angeles (half-freeway with two-way traffic on the eastbound side, with some intersection segments upgraded to full freeway and plans for further improvements).
  • U.S. Route 195 has two lane expressway segments between Spangle and Plaza, and on the Thornton bypass. The Plaza bypass is a two lane freeway.
  • Washington State Route 9 has a two lane expressway from Marsh Road in Snohomish to Arlington with the exception of a 2 mile 4 lane divided section through Lake Stevens with plans for more 4 laning between Snohomish and Lake Stevens.
  • Washington State Route 17 has a two lane undivided freeway for the interchange with WA 26 in Othello.
  • State Route 522 after the at-grade intersection with State Route 524 to the Snohomish River near Monroe.

West Virginia

Wisconsin

  • US 14, south of the interchange with County Trunk Highway MM at Oregon, to Wisconsin Highway 138 (WIS 138). This section was expanded to four lanes during the middle of 2009.
  • A segment of WSI 26 bypassing Fort Atkinson was built as a two-lane limited access freeway. This section was expanded to four lanes during the middle of 2011. [20] [21]
  • US 45, from its split from US 41 (now I-41) north of Milwaukee to a point just north of West Bend, Wisconsin, was built as a two-lane freeway, then expanded to four lanes in 1990. [22]
  • The US 151 bypasses of Beaver Dam and Waupun were originally built as Super 2s during the 1970s to accommodate future expansion; these have since been upgraded as part of the highway's ongoing conversion to a four-lane facility through the entire state.
  • Portions of I-39/US 51, first near Westfield and later near Tomahawk, were built as a two-lane freeways; these were expanded in the late 1980s and 1990s respectively. While I-39 ends in Wausau, a portion of US 51 north of Tomahawk remains a Super 2, with a stub allowing for future expansion to four lanes north of the US 8 interchange. [23]
  • WIS 35/WIS 65 on the River Falls Bypass from WIS 29 to when the four-lane starts.

Vietnam

Two-lane expressway in Vietnam: Hanoi-Lao Cai Expressway (from Yen Bai City to Lao Cai City) Hanoi-Lao Cai Expressway (from Yen Bai City to Lao Cai City).jpg
Two-lane expressway in Vietnam: Hanoi-Lao Cai Expressway (from Yen Bai City to Lao Cai City)

The section from Yen Bai City to Lao Cai City of the Hanoi-Lao Cai Expressway is two-laned.

The section between Cam Lo and Hoa Lien of the North-South expressway is two-laned.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Route 7</span> Highway in the United States

U.S. Route 7 (US 7) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in western New England that runs for 308 miles (496 km) through the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont. The highway's southern terminus is at Interstate 95 (I-95) exit 15 in Norwalk, Connecticut. Its northern terminus is at I-89 exit 22 near the village of Highgate Springs, Vermont, immediately south of the Canada–United States border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Limited-access road</span> High-speed road with many characteristics of a controlled-access highway (freeway or motorway)

A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway, dual-carriageway, expressway, and partial controlled-access highway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway, including limited or no access to adjacent property, some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow, use of grade separated interchanges to some extent, prohibition of slow modes of transport, such as bicycles, (draught) horses, or self-propelled agricultural machines; and very few or no intersecting cross-streets or level crossings. The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Controlled-access highway</span> Highway designed for high-speed, regulated traffic flow

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Route 422</span> Highway in Ohio and Pennsylvania

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Connecticut Route 8</span> Highway in Connecticut

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania</span> Highway in Pennsylvania

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Interstate 75 (I-75) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from the Hialeah–Miami Lakes border, a few miles northwest of Miami, to Sault Ste. Marie in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. I-75 begins its national northward journey near Miami, running along the western parts of the Miami metropolitan area before traveling westward across Alligator Alley, resuming its northward direction in Naples, running along Florida's Gulf Coast, and passing the cities of Fort Myers, Punta Gorda, Venice, and Sarasota. The freeway passes through the Tampa Bay area before turning inward toward Ocala, Gainesville, and Lake City before leaving the state and entering Georgia. I-75 runs for 471 miles (758 km) in Florida, making it the longest Interstate in the state and also the longest in any state east of the Mississippi River. The Interstate's speed limit is 70 mph (110 km/h) for its entire length in Florida.

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