Venango County | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 41°24′N79°46′W / 41.4°N 79.76°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Pennsylvania |
Founded | September 1, 1805 |
Named for | Native American word for otter |
Seat | Franklin |
Largest city | Oil City |
Government | |
• Commissioners | Samuel H Breene |
Area | |
• Total | 683 sq mi (1,770 km2) |
• Land | 674 sq mi (1,750 km2) |
• Water | 8.6 sq mi (22 km2) 1.3% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 50,454 |
• Density | 75/sq mi (29/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
Congressional districts | 15th, 16th |
Website | www |
Venango County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,454. [1] Its county seat is Franklin. [2] The county was created in 1800 and later organized in 1805. [3] The county is part of the Northwest Pennsylvania region of the state. [a]
Venango County comprises the Oil City, PA micropolitan statistical area. It is part of the Pittsburgh and Erie media markets (with Erie channels available to Comcast subscribers in the area).
Shortly afterward, Rogers met oil pioneer Charles Pratt, who purchased the entire output of the tiny Wamsutta Oil Refinery. In 1867, Rogers joined Pratt in forming Charles Pratt and Company, which was purchased by Standard Oil in 1874. Rogers became one of the key men in John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust. Venango County was created on March 12, 1800, from parts of Allegheny and Lycoming Counties. The name "Venango" is derived from the Native American name of the region, Onenge, meaning Otter. This was corrupted in English as the Venango River. [4] The settlement at its mouth was likewise called Venango, which since March 3, 1871, has been the South Side of Oil City.
Venango County was home to an oil boom in the years following discovery of natural oil (petroleum) in the mid-1850s.
George Bissell, a Yale University chemistry professor, and Edwin L. Drake, a former railroad conductor, made the first successful use of a drilling rig on August 28, 1859, near Titusville. (Although Titusville is in Crawford County, the first oil well was drilled outside of town, less than a mile inside of the Venango County boundary) This single well soon exceeded the entire cumulative oil output of Europe since the 1650s. Within weeks, oil derricks were erected all over the area. Other oil boom towns located in Venango County included Franklin, Oil City, and the now defunct Pithole City. The principal product of the oil was kerosene.
McClintocksville was a small community in Cornplanter Township in Venango County. In 1861, it was the location of Wamsutta Oil Refinery, the first business venture of Henry Huttleston Rogers, who became a leading United States capitalist, businessman, industrialist, financier, and philanthropist. Rogers and his young wife Abbie Palmer Gifford Rogers lived in a one-room shack there along Oil Creek for several years beginning in 1862.
After joining Standard Oil, Rogers invested heavily in various industries, including copper, steel, mining, and railways. The Virginian Railway is widely considered his final life's achievement. Rogers amassed a great fortune, estimated at over $100 million, and became one of the wealthiest men in the United States. He was also a generous philanthropist, providing many public works for his hometown of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, and financially assisting helping such notables as Mark Twain, Helen Keller, and Dr. Booker T. Washington.
Perhaps in one of history's ironies, another resident of Venango County about the same time as Henry and Abbie Rogers was a little girl named Ida M. Tarbell, whose father was an independent producer whose small business was ruined by the South Improvement Company scheme of 1871 and the conglomerate which became Standard Oil. Introduced to each other in 1902 by their mutual friend Twain, Tarbell, who had become an investigative journalist and Rogers, who knew of her work, shared meetings and information over a two-year period which led to her epoch work, The History of the Standard Oil Company , published in 1904, which many historians feel helped fuel public sentiment against the giant company and helped lead to the court-ordered break-up of it in 1911.
The oil heritage of Venango County is commemorated by a Pennsylvania State Park and many heritage sites which help tell the story and memorialize the people of the oil boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 683 square miles (1,770 km2), of which 674 square miles (1,750 km2) is land and 8.6 square miles (22 km2) (1.3%) is water. [5] Venango County is one of the 423 counties served by the Appalachian Regional Commission, [6] and it is identified as part of the "Midlands" by Colin Woodard in his book American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America . [7]
French Creek is formed near French Creek, New York and extends for a length of 117 miles (188 km) with a drainage area of 1,270 square miles (3,300 km2). It joins the Allegheny River near Franklin. The watershed area includes parts of Erie, Crawford, Venango, and Mercer Counties in Pennsylvania as well as Chautauqua County, New York.
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1800 | 1,130 | — | |
1810 | 3,060 | 170.8% | |
1820 | 4,915 | 60.6% | |
1830 | 9,470 | 92.7% | |
1840 | 17,900 | 89.0% | |
1850 | 18,310 | 2.3% | |
1860 | 25,043 | 36.8% | |
1870 | 47,925 | 91.4% | |
1880 | 43,670 | −8.9% | |
1890 | 46,640 | 6.8% | |
1900 | 49,648 | 6.4% | |
1910 | 56,359 | 13.5% | |
1920 | 59,184 | 5.0% | |
1930 | 63,226 | 6.8% | |
1940 | 63,958 | 1.2% | |
1950 | 65,328 | 2.1% | |
1960 | 65,295 | −0.1% | |
1970 | 62,353 | −4.5% | |
1980 | 64,444 | 3.4% | |
1990 | 59,381 | −7.9% | |
2000 | 57,555 | −3.1% | |
2010 | 54,984 | −4.5% | |
2020 | 50,454 | −8.2% | |
U.S. Decennial Census [8] 1790–1960 [9] 1900–1990 [10] 1990–2000 [11] 2010–2017 [12] |
As of the census [13] of 2000, there were 57,565 people, 22,747 households, and 15,922 families residing in the county. The population density was 85 people per square mile (33 people/km2). There were 26,904 housing units at an average density of 40 units per square mile (15/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.64% White, 1.09% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 0.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.9% English or Welsh, 12.5% were of German, 11.1% American, 9.9% Irish, 8.3% Scotch-Irish, 2.8% Dutch, 2.1% Italian, and 1.6% French ancestry.
There were 22,747 households, out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.80% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.20% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 25.10% from 45 to 64, and 16.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males.
Race | Num. | Perc. |
---|---|---|
White (NH) | 47,117 | 93.4% |
Black or African American (NH) | 434 | 0.86% |
Native American (NH) | 68 | 0.13% |
Asian (NH) | 172 | 0.34% |
Pacific Islander (NH) | 10 | 0.02% |
Other/Mixed (NH) | 2,076 | 4.11% |
Hispanic or Latino | 577 | 1.14% |
The United States Office of Management and Budget [15] has designated Venango County as the Oil City, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA). [16] As of the 2010 U.S. Census [17] the micropolitan area ranked 9th most populous in the State of Pennsylvania and the 182nd most populous in the United States with a population of 54,984.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2024 | 18,883 | 70.44% | 7,624 | 28.44% | 302 | 1.13% |
2020 | 18,569 | 69.81% | 7,585 | 28.51% | 447 | 1.68% |
2016 | 16,021 | 68.09% | 6,309 | 26.81% | 1,200 | 5.10% |
2012 | 13,815 | 62.07% | 7,945 | 35.70% | 497 | 2.23% |
2008 | 13,718 | 58.42% | 9,238 | 39.34% | 525 | 2.24% |
2004 | 14,472 | 61.17% | 9,024 | 38.14% | 163 | 0.69% |
2000 | 11,642 | 56.68% | 8,196 | 39.90% | 703 | 3.42% |
1996 | 8,398 | 42.96% | 8,205 | 41.97% | 2,946 | 15.07% |
1992 | 8,545 | 39.64% | 8,230 | 38.18% | 4,779 | 22.17% |
1988 | 11,468 | 56.60% | 8,624 | 42.56% | 171 | 0.84% |
1984 | 13,507 | 59.44% | 9,114 | 40.11% | 104 | 0.46% |
1980 | 11,547 | 56.04% | 7,800 | 37.86% | 1,257 | 6.10% |
1976 | 12,270 | 57.58% | 8,653 | 40.60% | 388 | 1.82% |
1972 | 13,991 | 67.28% | 6,302 | 30.31% | 501 | 2.41% |
1968 | 12,323 | 56.14% | 8,319 | 37.90% | 1,307 | 5.95% |
1964 | 9,873 | 42.89% | 13,065 | 56.75% | 84 | 0.36% |
1960 | 17,193 | 68.01% | 8,064 | 31.90% | 23 | 0.09% |
1956 | 17,107 | 75.31% | 5,594 | 24.63% | 14 | 0.06% |
1952 | 17,006 | 72.16% | 6,356 | 26.97% | 204 | 0.87% |
1948 | 11,920 | 67.97% | 5,144 | 29.33% | 472 | 2.69% |
1944 | 14,916 | 68.91% | 6,426 | 29.69% | 304 | 1.40% |
1940 | 17,728 | 71.90% | 6,873 | 27.87% | 57 | 0.23% |
1936 | 17,676 | 64.12% | 9,212 | 33.42% | 677 | 2.46% |
1932 | 12,230 | 64.07% | 6,174 | 32.34% | 684 | 3.58% |
1928 | 17,450 | 79.00% | 4,531 | 20.51% | 108 | 0.49% |
1924 | 10,841 | 74.29% | 1,886 | 12.92% | 1,865 | 12.78% |
1920 | 7,718 | 65.71% | 2,669 | 22.72% | 1,359 | 11.57% |
1916 | 3,856 | 40.98% | 3,938 | 41.85% | 1,616 | 17.17% |
1912 | 1,660 | 18.26% | 2,507 | 27.57% | 4,925 | 54.17% |
1908 | 4,868 | 49.73% | 2,815 | 28.76% | 2,105 | 21.51% |
1904 | 5,892 | 57.33% | 1,747 | 17.00% | 2,639 | 25.68% |
1900 | 5,931 | 52.75% | 4,014 | 35.70% | 1,299 | 11.55% |
1896 | 5,133 | 49.82% | 4,599 | 44.63% | 572 | 5.55% |
1892 | 4,099 | 49.31% | 3,288 | 39.55% | 926 | 11.14% |
1888 | 4,424 | 50.49% | 3,475 | 39.66% | 863 | 9.85% |
Venango County has long been predominantly Republican. Only twice since the Civil War has the county selected a Democratic presidential candidate, and only Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1964 landslide has gained an absolute majority for the Democratic Party. In 1984, Venango County actually voted fractionally more Democratic than the nation at-large due to hostility towards Reaganomics in industrial districts, and in the 1992 and 1996 elections it came within two points and one point, respectively of voting for Democrat Bill Clinton, but by 2016 Donald Trump had gained 68.1 percent to Hillary Clinton's 26.8 percent – figures which were long typical of the county.
As of February 21, 2022, there are 32,319 registered voters in Venango County [19]
Pennzoil and Quaker State left the Venango area for Texas. After leaving the area they merged and stopped refining oil. They now concentrate on retail oil and automotive additives produced for them by other companies. As of 2007, the two companies only exist as brand names after the company disappeared because of successive mergers.
With global crude oil prices touching US$100 in early 2008, long-dormant interest reawakened in Venango County's remaining oil reserves, 70% undrilled by one estimate. High prices make less accessible oil deposits worth extracting. For instance, a Canadian firm proposed drilling several large mines and allowing oil to flood the tunnels. [21]
Public school districts include: [22]
These public school districts are only partially in Venango County:
Colleges and universities:
Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in at most two cases, towns. The following cities, boroughs and townships are located in Venango County:
Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well.
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Venango County. [17]
†county seat
Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2018 Census) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Oil City | City | 9,897 |
2. | Cranberry | Township | 6,789 |
3 | † Franklin | City | 6,231 |
4 | Sugar Creek | Borough | 5,008 |
5. | Cornplanter | Township | 2,316 |
6 | Hasson Heights | CDP | 1,437 |
7 | Woodland Heights | CDP | 1,726 |
8 | Cherrytree | Township | 1,378 |
9 | Seneca | CDP | 1,289 |
10 | Pleasantville | Borough | 887 |
11 | Polk | Borough | 826 |
12 | Emlenton (partially in Clarion County ) | Borough | 625 |
13 | Rouseville | Borough | 523 |
14 | Clintonville | Borough | 508 |
15 | Cooperstown | Borough | 460 |
16 | Kennerdell | CDP | 247 |
17 | Barkeyville | Borough | 207 |
18 | Utica | Borough | 189 |
19 | Hannasville | CDP | 176 |
Armstrong County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,558. The county seat is Kittanning. The county was organized on March 12, 1800, from parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming Counties. It was named in honor of John Armstrong, who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress and served as a major general during the Revolutionary War.
Warren County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,587. Its county seat is Warren. The county was established in 1800 from parts of Allegheny and Lycoming counties; attached to Crawford County until 1805 and then to Venango County until Warren was formally established in 1819.
Jefferson County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,492. Its county seat is Brookville. The county was established on March 26, 1804, from part of Lycoming County and later organized in 1830. It is named for President Thomas Jefferson. It is home to Punxsutawney Phil, the most famous groundhog that predicts when spring will come every February 2 on Groundhog Day. The county is part of the North Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
Forest County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,973, making it the third-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Tionesta. The county was created in 1848 and later organized in 1857. The county is part of the North Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
Crawford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,938. Its county seat is Meadville. The county was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named for Colonel William Crawford. The county is part of the Northwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
Clarion County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,241. Its county seat is Clarion. The county was formed on March 11, 1839, from parts of Venango and Armstrong counties. Clarion County is entirely defined as part of the Pittsburgh media market. The county is part of the North Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
Butler County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 193,763. Its county seat is Butler. Butler County was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named in honor of General Richard Butler, a hero of the American Revolution. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the state.
Oil Creek Township is a township in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,703 at the 2020 census, a decrease from 1,877 at the 2010 census.
Titusville is a city in the far eastern corner of Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,262 at the 2020 census. Titusville is known as the birthplace of the American oil industry and for a number of years was the leading oil-producing region in the world. It was also notable for its lumber industry, including 17 sawmills, as well as its plastic and toolmaking industries. It is part of the Meadville micropolitan area.
Cornplanter Township is a township in Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,318 at the 2020 census, a decrease from 2,487 at the 2010 and 2,687 at the 2000 census.
Franklin is a city in and the county seat of Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States, located at the confluence of French Creek and the Allegheny River. The population was 6,097 in the 2020 census. Franklin is part of the Oil City micropolitan area.
Oil City is the largest city in Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States. Known for its prominence in the initial exploration and development of the petroleum industry, it is located at a bend in the Allegheny River at the mouth of Oil Creek. The population was 9,608 at the 2020 census, and it is the principal city of the Oil City micropolitan area.
Warren is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Allegheny River. The population was 9,404 at the 2020 census. It is home to the headquarters of the Allegheny National Forest and the Cornplanter State Forest. It is also the headquarters for the Chief Cornplanter Council, the oldest continuously chartered Boy Scouts of America Council, and the catalog company Blair. Warren is the principal city of the Warren micropolitan area.
French Creek is a tributary of the Allegheny River in northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York in the United States.
Pennsylvania Route 8 is a major 148.6-mile-long (239.1 km) state route in western Pennsylvania. Officially, PA 8 is named the William Flinn Highway.
Pithole, or Pithole City, is a ghost town in Cornplanter Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Oil Creek State Park and the Drake Well Museum, the site of the first commercial oil well in the United States. Pithole's sudden growth and equally rapid decline, as well as its status as a "proving ground" of sorts for the burgeoning petroleum industry, made it one of the most famous of oil boomtowns.
Oil Creek State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on 6,250 acres (2,529 ha) in Cherrytree, Cornplanter and Oil Creek Townships, Venango County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is adjacent to Drake Well Museum, the site of the first successful commercial oil well in the United States, that was drilled under the direction of Colonel Edwin Drake. Oil Creek State Park follows Oil Creek, between Titusville and Oil City, and is on Pennsylvania Route 8. While the creek is the park's main recreational attraction, it also contains the sites of the first oil boomtown and much of Pennsylvania's original oil industry. The park contains a museum, tableaux, and trails to help visitors understand the history of the oil industry there, and an excursion train.
Oil Creek is a 46.7-mile (75.2 km) tributary of the Allegheny River that is located in Venango and Crawford counties in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States.
The Titusville Area School District is a small, rural public school district located in Titusville, Pennsylvania.
The Oil City Area School District is a midsized, rural public school district in Venango County, Pennsylvania and including Oil City, the borough of Rouseville, Oakland and Cornplanter townships, and a portion of President Township. It also covers the Hasson Heights census-designated place. The district covers approximately 71.4 square miles (185 km2) in central Venango County.