AKT2

Last updated
AKT2
Protein AKT2 PDB 1gzk.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases AKT2 , v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2, HIHGHH, PKBB, PKBBETA, PRKBB, RAC-BETA, AKT serine/threonine kinase 2
External IDs OMIM: 164731 MGI: 104874 HomoloGene: 48773 GeneCards: AKT2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001243027
NM_001243028
NM_001626
NM_001330511

NM_001110208
NM_007434
NM_001331108
NM_001331109

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001229956
NP_001229957
NP_001317440
NP_001617

NP_001103678
NP_001318037
NP_001318038
NP_031460

Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 40.23 – 40.29 Mb Chr 7: 27.29 – 27.34 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

AKT2, also known as RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase, [5] is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT2 gene. [6] It influences metabolite storage as part of the insulin signal transduction pathway. [5]

Function

This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to the AKT subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that contain SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. [7]

AKT2 has important roles in controlling glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glucose transport as part of the insulin signal transduction pathway. [5]

Clinical significance

The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. [7]

Mice lacking Akt2 have a normal body mass, but display a profound diabetic phenotype, indicating that Akt2 plays a key role in signal transduction downstream of the insulin receptor. Mice lacking Akt2 show worse outcome in breast cancer initiated by the large T antigen as well as the neu oncogene. [8]

Interactions

AKT2 has been shown to interact with:

Related Research Articles

The PHLPP isoforms are a pair of protein phosphatases, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, that are important regulators of Akt serine-threonine kinases and conventional/novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. PHLPP may act as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer due to its ability to block growth factor-induced signaling in cancer cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GRB10</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 also known as insulin receptor-binding protein Grb-IR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRB10 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AKT1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

RAC(Rho family)-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT1 gene. This enzyme belongs to the AKT subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that contain SH2 protein domains. It is commonly referred to as PKB, or by both names as "Akt/PKB".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MAPK8</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 is a ubiquitous enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK8 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MAP3K11</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K11 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CAMK4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AKT3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protein kinase D1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKD1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MAP3K14</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 also known as NF-kappa-B-inducing kinase (NIK) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K14 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CDC2L1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

PITSLRE serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC2L1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC2L1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PLK3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Polo-like kinase 3 (Drosophila), also known as PLK3, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PLK3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CAMK2D</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2D gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TCL1A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCL1A gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKN2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 is an enzyme that in humans and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is encoded by the PKN2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MKNK1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MKNK1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRIB3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Tribbles homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIB3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MAP3K10</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K10 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MTCP1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Protein p13 MTCP-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTCP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MAP3K12</span>

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K12 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RPS6KA4</span> Enzyme found in humans

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KA4 gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105221 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004056 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. 1 2 3 Tsoukas, Michael A.; Mantzoros, Christos S. (2016-01-01), Jameson, J. Larry; De Groot, Leslie J; de Kretser, David M.; Giudice, Linda C. (eds.), "Chapter 37 - Lipodystrophy Syndromes", Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 648–661.e5, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00037-8, ISBN   978-0-323-18907-1 , retrieved 2020-12-18
  6. Cheng JQ, Godwin AK, Bellacosa A, Taguchi T, Franke TF, Hamilton TC, Tsichlis PN, Testa JR (November 1992). "AKT2, a putative oncogene encoding a member of a subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases, is amplified in human ovarian carcinomas". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89 (19): 9267–71. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.9267C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.19.9267 . PMC   50107 . PMID   1409633.
  7. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2".
  8. Heron-Milhavet L, Khouya N, Fernandez A, Lamb NJ (2011). "Akt1 and Akt2: differentiating the aktion". Histol. Histopathol. 26 (5): 651–62. PMID   21432781.
  9. Mitsuuchi Y, Johnson SW, Sonoda G, Tanno S, Golemis EA, Testa JR (September 1999). "Identification of a chromosome 3p14.3-21.1 gene, APPL, encoding an adaptor molecule that interacts with the oncoprotein-serine/threonine kinase AKT2". Oncogene. 18 (35): 4891–8. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203080 . PMID   10490823.
  10. Yuan ZQ, Feldman RI, Sun M, Olashaw NE, Coppola D, Sussman GE, Shelley SA, Nicosia SV, Cheng JQ (August 2002). "Inhibition of JNK by cellular stress- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced AKT2 through activation of the NF kappa B pathway in human epithelial Cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (33): 29973–82. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M203636200 . PMID   12048203.
  11. Figueroa C, Tarras S, Taylor J, Vojtek AB (November 2003). "Akt2 negatively regulates assembly of the POSH-MLK-JNK signaling complex". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 47922–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M307357200 . PMID   14504284.
  12. Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Noguchi M (February 2002). "Differential regulation of Akt kinase isoforms by the members of the TCL1 oncogene family". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3743–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M107069200 . PMID   11707444.
  13. Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Sha M, Noguchi M (August 2000). "The protooncogene TCL1 is an Akt kinase coactivator". Mol. Cell. 6 (2): 395–407. doi: 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00039-3 . PMID   10983986.

Further reading