Psalm 59

This article is about Psalm 59 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 59 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 60 .

Psalm 59
"Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God"
Inscription of a line from the psalm at a bridge in Hochosterwitz
Other name	Psalm 58 "Eripe me de inimicis meis Deu"
Language	Hebrew (original)

Psalm 59
←  Psalm 58 Psalm 60  →
Book	Book of Psalms
Hebrew Bible part	Ketuvim
Order in the Hebrew part	1
Category	Sifrei Emet
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	19

Psalm 59 is the 59th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me". In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible and the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 58. In Latin, it is known as "Eripe me de inimicis meis Deu". ^{[1] [2]} It is described as "a prayer composed when Saul sent messengers to wait at the house in order to kill him", ^[3] and commentator Cyril Rodd describes it as a "vigorous plea for the destruction of the psalmist's enemies". ^[4]

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music.

Text

Hebrew

The following table shows the Hebrew text ^{[5] [6]} of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

Verse	Hebrew	English translation (JPS 1917)
1	לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת֮ לְדָוִ֢ד מִ֫כְתָּ֥ם בִּשְׁלֹ֥חַ שָׁא֑וּל וַֽיִּשְׁמְר֥וּ אֶת־הַ֝בַּ֗יִת לַהֲמִיתֽוֹ׃‎	For the Leader; Al-tashheth. [A Psalm] of David; Michtam; when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him.
2	הַצִּילֵ֖נִי מֵאֹיְבַ֥י ׀ אֱלֹהָ֑י מִֽמִּתְקוֹמְמַ֥י תְּשַׂגְּבֵֽנִי׃‎	Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God; set me on high from them that rise up against me.
3	הַ֭צִּילֵנִי מִפֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן וּֽמֵאַנְשֵׁ֥י דָ֝מִ֗ים הֽוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃‎	Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from the men of blood.
4	כִּ֤י הִנֵּ֪ה אָרְב֡וּ לְנַפְשִׁ֗י יָג֣וּרוּ עָלַ֣י עַזִּ֑ים לֹֽא־פִשְׁעִ֖י וְלֹא־חַטָּאתִ֣י יְהֹוָֽה׃‎	For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul; the impudent gather themselves together against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O LORD.
5	בְּֽלִי־עָ֭וֺן יְרֻצ֣וּן וְיִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ ע֖וּרָה לִקְרָאתִ֣י וּרְאֵֽה׃‎	Without my fault, they run and prepare themselves; awake Thou to help me, and behold.
6	וְאַתָּ֤ה יְהֹוָֽה־אֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ צְבָא֡וֹת אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָקִ֗יצָה לִפְקֹ֥ד כׇּֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם אַל־תָּחֹ֨ן כׇּל־בֹּ֖גְדֵי אָ֣וֶן סֶֽלָה׃‎	Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, arouse Thyself to punish all the nations; show no mercy to any iniquitous traitors. Selah
7	יָשׁ֣וּבוּ לָ֭עֶרֶב יֶהֱמ֥וּ כַכָּ֗לֶב וִיס֥וֹבְבוּ עִֽיר׃‎	They return at evening, they howl like a dog, and go round about the city.
8	הִנֵּ֤ה ׀ יַבִּ֘יע֤וּן בְּפִיהֶ֗ם חֲ֭רָבוֹת בְּשִׂפְתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם כִּי־מִ֥י שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃‎	Behold, they belch out with their mouth; swords are in their lips: 'For who doth hear?'
9	וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הֹוָה תִּשְׂחַק־לָ֑מוֹ תִּ֝לְעַ֗ג לְכׇל־גּוֹיִֽם׃‎	But Thou, O LORD, shalt laugh at them; Thou shalt have all the nations in derision.
10	עֻ֭זּוֹ אֵלֶ֣יךָ אֶשְׁמֹ֑רָה כִּֽי־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃‎	Because of his strength, I will wait for Thee; for God is my high tower.
11	אֱלֹהֵ֣י (חסדו) [חַסְדִּ֣י] יְקַדְּמֵ֑נִי אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים יַרְאֵ֥נִי בְשֹׁרְרָֽי׃‎	The God of my mercy will come to meet me; God will let me gaze upon mine adversaries.
12	אַל־תַּהַרְגֵ֤ם ׀ פֶּֽן־יִשְׁכְּח֬וּ עַמִּ֗י הֲנִיעֵ֣מוֹ בְ֭חֵילְךָ וְהוֹרִידֵ֑מוֹ מָגִנֵּ֣נוּ אֲדֹנָֽי׃‎	Slay them not, lest my people forget, make them wander to and fro by Thy power, and bring them down, O Lord our shield.
13	חַטַּאת־פִּ֗ימוֹ דְּֽבַר־שְׂפָ֫תֵ֥ימוֹ וְיִלָּכְד֥וּ בִגְאוֹנָ֑ם וּמֵאָלָ֖ה וּמִכַּ֣חַשׁ יְסַפֵּֽרוּ׃‎	For the sin of their mouth, and the words of their lips, let them even be taken in their pride, and for cursing and lying which they speak.
14	כַּלֵּ֥ה בְחֵמָה֮ כַּלֵּ֢ה וְֽאֵ֫ינֵ֥מוֹ וְֽיֵדְע֗וּ כִּֽי־אֱ֭לֹהִים מֹשֵׁ֣ל בְּֽיַעֲקֹ֑ב לְאַפְסֵ֖י הָאָ֣רֶץ סֶֽלָה׃‎	Consume them in wrath, consume them, that they be no more; and let them know that God ruleth in Jacob, unto the ends of the earth. Selah
15	וְיָשֻׁ֣בוּ לָ֭עֶרֶב יֶהֱמ֥וּ כַכָּ֗לֶב וִיס֥וֹבְבוּ עִֽיר׃‎	And they return at evening, they howl like a dog, and go round about the city;
16	הֵ֭מָּה (ינועון) [יְנִיע֣וּן] לֶאֱכֹ֑ל אִם־לֹ֥א יִ֝שְׂבְּע֗וּ וַיָּלִֽינוּ׃‎	They wander up and down to devour, and tarry all night if they have not their fill.
17	וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ אָשִׁ֣יר עֻזֶּךָ֮ וַאֲרַנֵּ֥ן לַבֹּ֗קֶר חַ֫סְדֶּ֥ךָ כִּֽי־הָיִ֣יתָ מִשְׂגָּ֣ב לִ֑י וּ֝מָנ֗וֹס בְּי֣וֹם צַר־לִֽי׃‎	But as for me, I will sing of Thy strength; yea, I will sing aloud of Thy mercy in the morning; for Thou hast been my high tower, and a refuge in the day of my distress.
18	עֻ֭זִּי אֵלֶ֣יךָ אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים מִ֝שְׂגַּבִּ֗י אֱלֹהֵ֥י חַסְדִּֽי׃‎	O my strength, unto Thee will I sing praises; for God is my high tower, the God of my mercy.

King James Version

1. Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: defend me from them that rise up against me.
2. Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from bloody men.
3. For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O LORD.
4. They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold.
5. Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah.
6. They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city.
7. Behold, they belch out with their mouth: swords are in their lips: for who, say they, doth hear?
8. But thou, O LORD, shalt laugh at them; thou shalt have all the heathen in derision.
9. Because of his strength will I wait upon thee: for God is my defence.
10. The God of my mercy shall prevent me: God shall let me see my desire upon mine enemies.
11. Slay them not, lest my people forget: scatter them by thy power; and bring them down, O Lord our shield.
12. For the sin of their mouth and the words of their lips let them even be taken in their pride: and for cursing and lying which they speak.
13. Consume them in wrath, consume them, that they may not be: and let them know that God ruleth in Jacob unto the ends of the earth. Selah.
14. And at evening let them return; and let them make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city.
15. Let them wander up and down for meat, and grudge if they be not satisfied.
16. But I will sing of thy power; yea, I will sing aloud of thy mercy in the morning: for thou hast been my defence and refuge in the day of my trouble.
17. Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, and the God of my mercy.

Heading

To the Chief Musician. Set to "Do Not Destroy". A Michtam of David when Saul sent men, and they watched the house in order to kill him. ^[7]

This text, connected with an incident recorded in 1 Samuel 19:11–17, may be an editorial addition. ^[4] "Do Not Destroy", or Altaschith, may refer to an ancient song whose tune was to be used in singing the psalms. ^[8]

Uses

Judaism

Psalm 59 is one of the ten Psalms of the Tikkun HaKlali of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. ^{[9] [3]}

Verse 18 (verse 17 in English translations) is found in the repetition of the Amidah during Rosh Hashanah. ^[10]

Eastern Orthodox Church

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Psalm 58 (Psalm 59 in the Masoretic Text) is part of the eighth Kathisma division of the Psalter, read at Matins on Tuesday mornings, as well as on Mondays and Thursdays during Lent, at the Sixth Hour and Matins, respectively. ^[11]

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer , this psalm is appointed to be read on the evening of the 11th day of the month. ^[12]

Musical settings

Heinrich Schütz set Psalm 59 in a metred version in German, "Hilf, Herre Gott, errette mich", SWV 156, as part of the Becker Psalter , first published in 1628.

References

1. Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 58 (59) Archived 7 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine medievalist.net
2. "Comparison of Enumeration of the Psalms in the Book of Divine Worship and in the Vulgate". The Daily Office of the Catholic Church According to the Anglican Use. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
3. Greenbaum, Rabbi Avraham (2007). "The Ten Psalms: English Translation". Azamra. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
4. Rodd, C. S., ‘18. Psalms’ in Barton, J. & Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary Archived 2017-11-22 at the Wayback Machine , pp. 383–4.
5. "Psalms – Chapter 59". Mechon Mamre.
6. "Psalms 59 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
7. Psalm 59: New King James Version.
8. Dunn, James D. G. (19 November 2003). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publ. p. 401. ISBN   978-0-8028-3711-0.
9. Weintraub, Rabbi Simkha Y. (2018). "Psalms as the Ultimate Self-Help Tool". My Jewish Learning. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
10. The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah, p. 345.
11. The Holy Psalter, Saint Ignatius Orthodox Press, 2022
12. Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, pp. 196ff.

External links

• Pieces with text from Psalm 59 : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
• Psalm 59 : Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
• Psalm 59 in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
• Text of Psalm 59 according to the 1928 Psalter
• For the director. Do not destroy. A miktam of David, when Saul sent people to watch his house and kill him. / Rescue me from my enemies, my God; text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
• Psalm 59:1 introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
• Psalm 59 – Praise to My High Tower Against Assassins enduringword.com
• Psalm 59 Refrain: You, O God, are my strong tower. Church of England
• Psalm 59 at biblegateway.com
• Hymns for Psalm 59 hymnary.org