List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita

Last updated

Global map of Per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels and industry, 2022. Land use change is not included. World map of per capita CO2 emissions, 2022, OWID.png
Global map of Per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels and industry, 2022. Land use change is not included.
Annual CO2 emissions by region. This measures fossil fuel and industry emissions. Land use change is not included. Annual CO2 emissions by region, 2022.png
Annual CO2 emissions by region. This measures fossil fuel and industry emissions. Land use change is not included.

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita carbon dioxide emissions [n 1] due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission. The following table lists the annual per capita CO2 emissions estimates (in kilotons of CO2 per year) for the year 2023, as well as the change from the year 2000. [3]

Contents

The data only considers carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture, but not emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry [n 2] Over the last 150 years, estimated cumulative emissions from land use and land-use change represent approximately one-third of total cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions. [6] Emissions from international shipping or bunker fuels are also not included in national figures, [7] which can make a large difference for small countries with important ports.

Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the CO2 produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America. [8]

According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution. [9] The other major anthropogenic greenhouse gases [n 3] [10] :147 [11] ) are not included in the following list, nor are humans emissions of water vapor ( H2O ), the most important greenhouse gases, as they are negligible compared to naturally occurring quantities. [12]

According to Science for Policy report in 2024 by the Joint Research Centre (JRC – the European Commission's science and knowledge service) and International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2023, global GHG emissions primarily consisted of CO2, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels (73.7%). [3]

Per capita CO2 emissions by country/territory

The data in the following table is extracted from EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. [3]

List of countries by carbon emissions per capita
Location % of
global
average
Emissions per capita
(tons per year)
 % change
from 2000
20232000
 World100%4.864.19Increase Negative.svg +16%
Flag of Europe.svg European Union 117%5.668.32Decrease Positive.svg −32%
Flag of Palau.svg Palau [n 4] 1288%62.59110.66Decrease Positive.svg −43%
Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 896%43.5553.61Decrease Positive.svg −19%
Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait 512%24.9026.56Decrease Positive.svg −6%
Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei 435%21.1218.23Increase Negative.svg +16%
Flags of New Caledonia.svg New Caledonia 430%20.9010.22Increase Negative.svg +105%
Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain 426%20.7026.74Decrease Positive.svg −23%
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 416%20.2228.04Decrease Positive.svg −28%
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago 406%19.7115.09Increase Negative.svg +31%
Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar 405%19.6710.94Increase Negative.svg +80%
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 353%17.1512.77Increase Negative.svg +34%
Flag of Oman.svg Oman 352%17.1111.60Increase Negative.svg +47%
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 307%14.9117.67Decrease Positive.svg −16%
Flag of Curacao.svg Curaçao 302%14.6642.90Decrease Positive.svg −66%
Flag of Russia.svg Russia 297%14.4511.48Increase Negative.svg +26%
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 293%14.2118.56Decrease Positive.svg −23%
Flag of the United States.svg United States 285%13.8321.03Decrease Positive.svg −34%
Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles 263%12.769.38Increase Negative.svg +36%
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 256%12.438.78Increase Negative.svg +42%
Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan 240%11.6810.90Increase Negative.svg +7%
Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 230%11.1820.18Decrease Positive.svg −45%
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 227%11.0410.01Increase Negative.svg +10%
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan 216%10.518.71Increase Negative.svg +21%
Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland 210%10.210.02Increase Negative.svg+42,740%
Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore 193%9.3811.63Decrease Positive.svg −19%
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 190%9.242.86Increase Negative.svg +223%
Flag of Iran.svg Iran 187%9.105.35Increase Negative.svg +70%
Flag of Libya.svg Libya 183%8.889.20Decrease Positive.svg −3%
Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 183%8.8712.42Decrease Positive.svg −29%
Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 181%8.7910.18Decrease Positive.svg −14%
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 175%8.5212.86Decrease Positive.svg −34%
Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 174%8.453.77Increase Negative.svg +124%
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands 172%8.373.36Increase Negative.svg +149%
Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 171%8.305.64Increase Negative.svg +47%
Flag of Norway.svg Norway 162%7.869.28Decrease Positive.svg −15%
Flag of Poland.svg Poland 157%7.638.12Decrease Positive.svg −6%
Flag of Japan.svg Japan 155%7.549.79Decrease Positive.svg −23%
Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 149%7.228.52Decrease Positive.svg −15%
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 148%7.1812.15Decrease Positive.svg −41%
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 146%7.0911.11Decrease Positive.svg −36%
Flag of Germany.svg Germany 145%7.0610.70Decrease Positive.svg −34%
Flag of Austria.svg Austria 137%6.658.26Decrease Positive.svg −20%
Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 135%6.567.59Decrease Positive.svg −14%
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 134%6.5011.39Decrease Positive.svg −43%
Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg Falkland Islands 133%6.482.50Increase Negative.svg +160%
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 132%6.407.72Decrease Positive.svg −17%
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 130%6.333.79Increase Negative.svg +67%
Flag of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006).svg Serbia and Montenegro 125%6.085.01Increase Negative.svg +21%
Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives 124%6.002.27Increase Negative.svg +165%
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 121%5.866.02Decrease Positive.svg −3%
Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda 120%5.842.35Increase Negative.svg +149%
Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 120%5.837.56Decrease Positive.svg −23%
Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 119%5.817.56Decrease Positive.svg −23%
Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 119%5.795.66Increase Negative.svg +2%
Flag of France.svg Saint Pierre and Miquelon 118%5.732.80Increase Negative.svg +105%
Flag of Finland.svg Finland 118%5.7311.09Decrease Positive.svg −48%
Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands 112%5.423.15Increase Negative.svg +72%
Flag of Italy.svg Italy (including San Marino and Vatican City)107%5.197.94Decrease Positive.svg −35%
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 106%5.133.59Increase Negative.svg +43%
Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba 101%4.912.96Increase Negative.svg +66%
Flag of Greece.svg Greece 97%4.698.62Decrease Positive.svg −46%
Flag of Spain.svg Spain (including Andorra)96%4.687.66Decrease Positive.svg −39%
Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 96%4.663.33Increase Negative.svg +40%
Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 95%4.615.82Decrease Positive.svg −21%
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 94%4.569.95Decrease Positive.svg −54%
Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong 93%4.516.29Decrease Positive.svg −28%
Flag of Chile.svg Chile 92%4.453.53Increase Negative.svg +26%
Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname 92%4.453.13Increase Negative.svg +42%
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 91%4.442.20Increase Negative.svg +102%
Flag of Macau.svg Macao 91%4.423.45Increase Negative.svg +28%
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 91%4.429.36Decrease Positive.svg −53%
Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 89%4.314.38Decrease Positive.svg −1%
Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq 88%4.303.77Increase Negative.svg +14%
Flag of French Polynesia.svg French Polynesia 88%4.273.03Increase Negative.svg +41%
Flag of France.svg France (including Monaco)88%4.256.73Decrease Positive.svg −37%
Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia 86%4.194.44Decrease Positive.svg −6%
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 85%4.143.54Increase Negative.svg +17%
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 85%4.136.42Decrease Positive.svg −36%
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana 85%4.112.21Increase Negative.svg +86%
Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas 83%4.043.35Increase Negative.svg +21%
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan 82%4.015.26Decrease Positive.svg −24%
Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria 82%3.992.82Increase Negative.svg +42%
Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 81%3.942.78Increase Negative.svg +42%
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 81%3.933.69Increase Negative.svg +7%
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland (including Liechtenstein)80%3.876.25Decrease Positive.svg −38%
Flag of Malta.svg Malta 79%3.855.38Decrease Positive.svg −28%
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico 78%3.806.63Decrease Positive.svg −43%
Flag of Romania.svg Romania 76%3.704.40Decrease Positive.svg −16%
Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 76%3.690.70Increase Negative.svg +424%
Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal 74%3.586.22Decrease Positive.svg −43%
Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 73%3.563.03Increase Negative.svg +17%
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 72%3.523.90Decrease Positive.svg −10%
Flag of Laos.svg Laos 72%3.490.18Increase Negative.svg+1,892%
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 71%3.436.53Decrease Positive.svg −47%
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 69%3.331.10Increase Negative.svg +202%
Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius 68%3.292.06Increase Negative.svg +60%
Flag of Panama.svg Panama 68%3.291.71Increase Negative.svg +92%
Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 65%3.177.37Decrease Positive.svg −57%
Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon 62%3.004.73Decrease Positive.svg −37%
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda 62%2.991.62Increase Negative.svg +85%
Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana 60%2.932.37Increase Negative.svg +23%
Flag-of-Martinique.svg Martinique 58%2.831.74Increase Negative.svg +63%
Flag of France.svg Réunion 58%2.812.78Increase Negative.svg +1%
Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados 57%2.762.18Increase Negative.svg +26%
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic 56%2.742.22Increase Negative.svg +24%
Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands 56%2.710.94Increase Negative.svg +189%
Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 54%2.631.16Increase Negative.svg +126%
Flag of France.svg Guadeloupe 54%2.611.45Increase Negative.svg +79%
Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia 53%2.572.18Increase Negative.svg +18%
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador 52%2.511.75Increase Negative.svg +44%
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 51%2.501.68Increase Negative.svg +49%
Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova 51%2.501.64Increase Negative.svg +52%
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 51%2.475.62Decrease Positive.svg −56%
Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 51%2.463.22Decrease Positive.svg −24%
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea 50%2.444.47Decrease Positive.svg −45%
Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 50%2.411.41Increase Negative.svg +70%
Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji 48%2.351.80Increase Negative.svg +30%
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica 48%2.343.84Decrease Positive.svg −39%
Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan 47%2.310.71Increase Negative.svg +225%
Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 47%2.311.83Increase Negative.svg +26%
Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa 47%2.301.08Increase Negative.svg +113%
Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 46%2.253.23Decrease Positive.svg −30%
Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands 46%2.211.34Increase Negative.svg +65%
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 45%2.201.99Increase Negative.svg +10%
Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon 44%2.165.36Decrease Positive.svg −60%
Flag of India.svg India 43%2.070.95Increase Negative.svg +119%
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis 42%2.051.09Increase Negative.svg +88%
Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia 41%1.980.98Increase Negative.svg +101%
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 41%1.971.55Increase Negative.svg +27%
Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga 40%1.951.03Increase Negative.svg +89%
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 39%1.922.60Decrease Positive.svg −26%
Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 38%1.821.16Increase Negative.svg +57%
Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde 35%1.710.65Increase Negative.svg +164%
Flag of Peru.svg Peru 35%1.701.12Increase Negative.svg +52%
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica 34%1.661.30Increase Negative.svg +27%
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia 33%1.620.61Increase Negative.svg +164%
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan 33%1.600.98Increase Negative.svg +64%
Flag of Albania.svg Albania 32%1.561.04Increase Negative.svg +50%
Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia 31%1.531.03Increase Negative.svg +49%
Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla 30%1.431.40Increase Negative.svg +2%
Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 29%1.410.95Increase Negative.svg +48%
Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada 26%1.290.56Increase Negative.svg +128%
Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador 26%1.270.99Increase Negative.svg +29%
Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria 25%1.192.80Decrease Positive.svg −57%
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo 24%1.181.40Decrease Positive.svg −16%
Flag of France.svg French Guiana 24%1.171.07Increase Negative.svg +10%
Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala 23%1.130.83Increase Negative.svg +36%
Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay 23%1.130.69Increase Negative.svg +64%
Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras 22%1.080.77Increase Negative.svg +41%
Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica 22%1.050.80Increase Negative.svg +32%
Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 21%1.030.16Increase Negative.svg +528%
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka 20%0.970.61Increase Negative.svg +58%
Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan 19%0.930.45Increase Negative.svg +108%
Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini 19%0.921.03Decrease Positive.svg −11%
Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu 19%0.920.46Increase Negative.svg +101%
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe 19%0.920.40Increase Negative.svg +131%
Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 19%0.910.81Increase Negative.svg +13%
Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania 19%0.900.39Increase Negative.svg +129%
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18%0.870.39Increase Negative.svg +125%
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua 18%0.870.75Increase Negative.svg +16%
Flag of Angola.svg Angola 16%0.781.00Decrease Positive.svg −22%
Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati 16%0.760.39Increase Negative.svg +96%
Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana 15%0.740.32Increase Negative.svg +130%
Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti 15%0.721.03Decrease Positive.svg −30%
Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 15%0.710.20Increase Negative.svg +248%
Flag of Belize.svg Belize 14%0.660.56Increase Negative.svg +18%
Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal 13%0.650.40Increase Negative.svg +60%
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea 13%0.640.53Increase Negative.svg +21%
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe 13%0.621.19Decrease Positive.svg −48%
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands 13%0.610.57Increase Negative.svg +7%
Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar 12%0.590.22Increase Negative.svg +173%
Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria 12%0.580.82Decrease Positive.svg −30%
Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal 12%0.570.14Increase Negative.svg +299%
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast 11%0.510.42Increase Negative.svg +22%
Flag of Benin.svg Benin 10%0.490.23Increase Negative.svg +118%
Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor 10%0.480.26Increase Negative.svg +82%
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Western Sahara 9%0.410.81Decrease Positive.svg −49%
Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia 8%0.400.19Increase Negative.svg +113%
Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon 8%0.380.37Increase Negative.svg +3%
Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya 8%0.380.28Increase Negative.svg +34%
Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho 8%0.360.19Increase Negative.svg +93%
Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros 7%0.340.17Increase Negative.svg +105%
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan

Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan

7%0.340.18Increase Negative.svg +91%
Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen 7%0.340.88Decrease Positive.svg −62%
Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti 6%0.300.20Increase Negative.svg +52%
Flag of Mali.svg Mali 6%0.300.07Increase Negative.svg +311%
Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia 6%0.300.14Increase Negative.svg +113%
Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi 6%0.290.27Increase Negative.svg +7%
Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania 6%0.280.09Increase Negative.svg +210%
Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique 6%0.280.09Increase Negative.svg +219%
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo 6%0.280.25Increase Negative.svg +10%
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso 5%0.260.08Increase Negative.svg +249%
Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea 5%0.250.17Increase Negative.svg +50%
Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia 5%0.240.22Increase Negative.svg +11%
Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan 4%0.210.05Increase Negative.svg +324%
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau 3%0.160.16Decrease Positive.svg −1%
Flag of Chad.svg Chad 3%0.140.03Increase Negative.svg +399%
Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda 3%0.140.06Increase Negative.svg +137%
Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia 3%0.140.06Increase Negative.svg +138%
Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar 3%0.140.11Increase Negative.svg +27%
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone 3%0.130.10Increase Negative.svg +32%
Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda 2%0.120.08Increase Negative.svg +39%
Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea 2%0.120.20Decrease Positive.svg −42%
Flag of Niger.svg Niger 2%0.100.06Increase Negative.svg +69%
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic 1%0.070.07Increase Negative.svg +2%
Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi 1%0.060.05Increase Negative.svg +41%
Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia 1%0.050.07Decrease Positive.svg −30%
Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg Faroe Islands 1%0.040.04Increase Negative.svg +11%
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo 1%0.040.04Decrease Positive.svg −3%

CO2 emissions per capita embedded in global trade

CO2 emissions are typically measured on the basis of ‘production’. This accounting method – which is sometimes referred to as ‘territorial’ emissions – is used when countries report their emissions, and set targets domestically and internationally. In addition to the commonly reported production-based emissions statisticians also calculate ‘consumption-based’ emissions. These emissions are adjusted for trade. To calculate consumption-based emissions, traded goods are tracked across the world, and whenever a good was imported all CO2 emissions that were emitted in the production of that good are also imported, and vice versa to subtract all CO2 emissions that were emitted in the production of goods that were exported. [13]

Consumption-based emissions reflect the consumption and lifestyle choices of a country's citizens. [13] They are national or regional emissions that have been adjusted for trade, calculated as domestic (or ‘production-based’) emissions minus the emissions generated in the production of goods and services that are exported to other countries or regions, plus emissions from the production of goods and services that are imported. [14]

Consumption-based emissions = Production-based – Exported + Imported emissions [14]

This is measured as the net import-export balance in tons of CO2 per year. Positive values represent netimporters of CO2. Negative values represent net exporters of CO2. [15]

The data in the following table is extracted from Our World in Data database. [16] Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

Country / territoryProduction vs. consumption-based CO2 emissions per capita
(tCO2/cap)
CO2 emissions
embedded in
global trade
(tCO2/cap)
199020052017202020212020
PCPCPCPCPCC-P(C-P)/P (%)Net
Flag of Aruba.svg  Aruba 7.41328.7718.4437.3078.054
Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan 0.1890.0770.2770.3000.296
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 0.4300.9770.8050.6070.619
Flag of Anguilla.svg  Anguilla 6.15110.5569.5018.4169.173
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 1.6751.6861.4051.9231.9322.1381.6492.0151.6180.36522.14%importer
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 7.5897.2056.3015.7755.729
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 27.21029.46026.74133.57323.61623.98221.43619.84821.792−1.588−7.41%exporter
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 3.4343.4334.1323.5964.2424.3373.7583.5354.118−0.223−5.95%exporter
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 2.5151.6831.4361.9151.9432.0312.2922.5872.4390.29512.86%importer
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 3.4704.6795.3874.5915.027
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 16.31614.26419.14317.05116.85015.36915.57913.81115.091−1.768−11.35%exporter
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 8.09311.6309.61212.9807.91110.4586.9649.1187.2432.15430.93%importer
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 6.9103.7583.9614.0913.4363.4123.6473.8063.7320.1594.35%importer
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 0.0380.0210.0480.0540.055
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 12.07815.54311.94621.4978.70717.6427.81615.3928.2447.57696.93%importer
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 0.1130.1810.3060.4600.5870.6630.5750.6540.5970.08013.84%importer
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Caribbean Netherlands 5.4684.3584.2063.5853.868
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 0.0640.0880.0810.1230.2280.2630.2500.2820.2580.03212.64%importer
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 0.1310.1700.2670.2740.4990.7490.5420.8070.5500.26448.74%importer
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 8.7486.9996.4826.2156.6235.7445.2975.2296.181−0.067−1.27%exporter
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 23.97622.44921.9578.69322.53913.11025.45114.77526.664−10.676−41.95%exporter
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 7.4725.4785.2525.3305.850
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.3193.9196.4416.3084.148
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 10.3895.8805.9704.3286.1056.1566.0825.9886.223−0.094−1.55%exporter
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 1.7061.5031.6431.5561.723
Flag of Bermuda.svg  Bermuda 8.7319.2509.9577.7668.533
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 1.4101.2851.1911.0662.0532.0661.7651.8321.9310.0673.78%importer
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 1.4511.6301.9511.8712.3862.3932.0751.9972.281−0.077−3.73%exporter
Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 4.1344.8954.3213.6394.002
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 23.62616.56613.27812.34121.63519.52223.89022.55023.532−1.341−5.61%exporter
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 0.2300.5711.6391.9411.958
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 2.0132.0132.1621.3932.9474.9642.4584.7022.5112.24491.32%importer
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic 0.0650.0510.0430.0400.042
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 16.56817.46417.83818.90415.63514.51814.11712.95014.300−1.166−8.26%exporter
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 6.58012.7746.16314.6514.51715.2133.96412.3564.0198.392211.73%importer
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 2.4652.4033.7673.7704.5774.7994.3444.4324.3830.0892.04%importer
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 2.1542.0124.5033.6137.0996.4887.6897.0418.046−0.648−8.42%exporter
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 0.4010.4990.3950.4040.4830.6150.4090.5490.4260.14034.31%importer
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 0.2280.2630.2080.3480.3930.4620.3400.3760.3420.03610.47%importer
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.1180.0260.0290.0270.027
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 0.4230.2711.0731.3211.279
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands 2.5644.3484.6285.2175.368
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 1.7451.9001.4231.5051.6482.2351.6792.1361.7800.45727.18%importer
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros 0.1530.2410.3510.3500.363
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 0.4920.9071.0251.0731.136
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 0.9221.6361.5582.2051.6422.4981.3822.1951.5170.81358.83%importer
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2.7902.1732.2251.7461.960
Flag of Curacao.svg  Curaçao 30.76834.32126.7848.8419.686
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 5.9018.6227.6739.2906.2276.4855.8745.4786.109−0.397−6.75%exporter
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 15.94114.69512.22610.73310.23110.5498.7229.4859.2420.7638.75%importer
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 13.25415.01710.66712.9219.50810.8877.6739.2348.0901.56120.35%importer
Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti 0.4760.4980.3770.3330.343
Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 0.8432.0802.2891.9982.189
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 10.41612.0719.48012.3016.0628.5974.8557.3095.0522.45450.55%importer
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 1.2531.3141.9583.5772.2562.8782.3982.8632.6010.46519.38%importer
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 3.0073.2314.0453.9703.990
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 1.5751.6242.1762.3832.4002.7381.9592.3192.3220.36018.36%importer
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 1.3151.4312.0871.8652.5552.5062.1942.2482.2850.0542.46%importer
Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 0.0000.2720.2070.2200.227
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 5.9486.8248.4719.4025.9046.3414.5045.3494.9200.84518.76%importer
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 23.50719.98212.63014.28614.24012.7987.0289.3857.8642.35733.54%importer
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 0.0620.0820.0640.0520.1440.1860.1450.1730.1480.02819.02%importer
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 11.41416.18310.87415.4048.09310.0666.7998.6816.7921.88227.68%importer
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 1.0271.1731.4231.5541.590
Flag of France.svg  France 6.9748.7326.8789.1055.2616.6884.3435.8214.7411.47834.03%importer
Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg  Faroe Islands 14.80914.94014.07013.19913.198
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia 1.0571.2941.3801.405
Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 4.5623.3322.9372.4832.440
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 10.52211.6979.44512.4455.8638.2974.8656.9295.1542.06442.42%importer
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 2.9581.8251.2672.2162.6973.0022.8393.4722.9300.63322.30%importer
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 0.2450.3140.3020.4870.4610.6760.6110.7130.6490.10216.66%importer
Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 0.1580.1580.2000.1890.2650.4250.3430.4350.3580.09226.70%importer
Flag of France.svg  Guadeloupe 3.4085.9296.2625.7915.785
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 0.1900.1940.2490.2380.248
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 0.1770.1540.1620.1630.171
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 0.1349.2965.4203.1263.197
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 8.0999.35410.2488.4067.0005.3965.2905.0535.391−0.237−4.48%exporter
Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 1.0731.9602.3032.3122.561
Flag of Greenland.svg  Greenland 11.22911.3189.6878.9299.076
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 0.5470.7480.9220.7741.0450.9241.0131.2351.1540.22121.84%importer
Flag of France.svg  French Guiana 6.3212.9652.6242.2392.190
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 1.5102.1323.0394.0033.838
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 4.65014.7676.30412.7225.68711.5084.20010.7714.2256.571156.44%importer
Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg  Honduras 0.4960.6580.9040.7081.0630.8430.9730.8071.060−0.165−17.01%exporter
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 4.7154.3035.2705.8564.4715.2454.1185.5154.3601.39733.93%importer
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 0.1440.1890.2850.2320.251
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 7.0578.8375.9847.7615.0586.7184.8496.2354.9901.38628.58%importer
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 0.7950.7671.5251.4372.1452.1632.2432.2962.2620.0532.37%importer
Flag of India.svg  India 0.6640.6611.0260.9491.7981.6901.7511.6311.925−0.120−6.88%exporter
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 9.45211.35011.68517.6198.18910.4207.1078.8157.5281.70824.03%importer
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 3.7633.6276.5995.6388.1117.0238.3637.5438.517−0.819−9.80%exporter
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 2.7783.9295.3434.0774.263
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 8.6899.99410.4819.0789.113
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 7.45810.3248.41911.0007.0819.3546.2818.4196.1272.13834.04%importer
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 7.7449.9898.63010.5915.8797.4425.0806.5355.5481.45428.63%importer
Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 3.1473.1163.8912.6042.7772.2542.4622.2422.719−0.220−8.93%exporter
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 3.0104.6473.5994.2662.4893.0692.2822.6682.2960.38516.89%importer
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 9.36310.65310.09912.0809.38210.3508.3219.4798.5661.15713.90%importer
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 16.52917.14812.8028.93417.51511.00114.6699.77414.413−4.895−33.37%exporter
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 0.2460.3480.2330.3210.3480.5240.3520.5180.3750.16647.25%importer
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 4.3974.5451.0621.4241.5272.7681.3212.5871.4261.26695.82%importer
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 0.1410.2070.2090.7080.7901.8511.1412.3501.1471.210106.06%importer
Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 0.2930.6340.5480.5500.555
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 2.6134.2325.0584.5284.992
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 5.6787.25710.41312.12412.70713.40111.52712.72111.8861.19310.35%importer
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 22.57223.35431.83629.36623.25822.74222.88322.23224.972−0.651−2.85%exporter
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 0.1190.1860.2280.3952.8133.0362.7993.0412.7980.2418.62%importer
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 2.1893.5864.5584.3224.463
Flag of Liberia 23px.svg  Liberia 0.2110.1990.2560.2220.230
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 8.6189.7628.3788.80211.065
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 1.2622.3482.8542.4612.705
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 6.9116.6134.1083.6613.865
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 0.2230.3670.6071.0351.0711.7250.9991.6940.9540.69469.46%importer
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 0.8191.0171.1580.9711.000
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 9.44811.4554.1856.3934.6737.7774.8417.1974.9812.35648.66%importer
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 31.01031.01026.00331.01815.53116.29112.84312.64313.068−0.201−1.56%exporter
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 7.3118.0323.4976.0083.6917.3643.6877.3483.8783.66199.30%importer
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 2.9503.7423.0181.8811.874
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 0.9071.2401.4681.5431.7301.8411.7641.8031.9040.0392.20%importer
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 8.1551.2341.6411.7021.830
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar 0.0780.1170.0920.1550.1570.2160.1420.1930.1470.05136.13%importer
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 0.7651.9573.2034.0064.062
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 3.8803.9274.4004.6563.7904.2053.1093.4323.2140.32310.38%importer
Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 2.0903.1053.5613.778
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 6.9395.3783.5533.1503.257
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 0.0470.1100.1840.1850.190
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 6.5529.2166.4478.0133.19318.4593.10416.6123.27313.509435.23%importer
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 0.1060.2410.4520.6760.675
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 3.0822.7663.3253.8972.789
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 4.5304.1243.3273.40911.0269.81715.05813.11415.030−1.944−12.91%exporter
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 0.0740.3000.0880.2850.2430.4550.2140.4200.2230.20696.29%importer
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 0.4260.4770.8220.8570.892
Flag of Montserrat.svg  Montserrat 2.7078.5446.2064.1474.659
Flag-of-Martinique.svg  Martinique 4.5876.1186.0375.6705.695
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 1.3412.4932.6183.5733.5034.5113.2434.4963.4431.25438.66%importer
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 0.0770.1600.0710.0660.0760.0700.0760.1280.0780.05268.36%importer
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia 3.0983.7416.9955.4907.7627.1697.8167.3217.626−0.495−6.33%exporter
Flag of France.svg  Mayotte 0.7231.2041.0920.8940.865
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 0.0000.0001.1781.1501.7834.1111.5853.6541.5872.069130.53%importer
Flags of New Caledonia.svg  New Caledonia 8.89211.60318.79718.80719.097
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 0.0720.0510.1040.1020.107
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 0.4080.3990.7530.6900.5830.5620.6250.6370.6420.0132.01%importer
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 0.4830.6350.7830.9440.8431.1210.6750.8690.7390.19528.90%importer
Flag of Niue.svg  Niue 2.8631.9483.8755.9106.092
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 10.82713.46810.87913.4899.4439.8377.9078.7138.0590.80710.20%importer
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 8.2749.3749.5558.3839.5347.6578.7567.5731.09914.35%importer
Flag of Nepal.svg  Nepal 0.0370.0590.1140.1750.4130.3870.4750.8490.4720.37478.75%importer
Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 12.9506.0264.6944.7014.756
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 7.5077.9109.05510.1037.5198.0886.8087.6656.5870.85712.58%importer
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 6.2196.94811.7169.99615.10815.26015.95912.92917.917−3.030−18.98%exporter
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 4.6745.1013.396
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 0.5880.6260.7720.8400.9991.1110.9261.0060.9920.0808.59%importer
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 1.0741.1972.1092.7404.3912.7143.7062.9950.99136.53%importer
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 0.9681.0791.3121.3361.7001.9861.4261.7301.6690.30421.32%importer
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 0.6721.0190.8491.0931.2661.5701.2091.5041.2670.29524.40%importer
Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 15.30911.07312.10612.89113.210
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 0.5570.6740.7100.8540.855
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 9.8998.4698.3847.5148.7658.2897.8987.4718.577−0.428−5.42%exporter
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 5.6913.1122.0282.1392.171
Flag of Portugal (official).svg  Portugal 4.5295.1856.62512.2345.3565.6734.0594.6553.9650.59614.68%importer
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 0.5260.9310.6901.0551.2701.8961.2141.8431.2790.62951.82%importer
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine 0.4050.7740.6950.6010.602
Flag of French Polynesia.svg  French Polynesia 2.0832.8932.9143.0613.124
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 25.83624.28559.72635.47236.94326.76033.64025.77135.587−7.869−23.39%exporter
Flag of France.svg  Réunion 1.9134.4454.7734.2844.247
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 7.5967.0474.7534.7214.0634.3503.8134.1714.1040.3589.39%importer
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 17.12713.79510.8428.31711.3729.58311.1549.34112.099−1.813−16.26%exporter
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 0.0720.0720.0570.0560.0950.1370.1260.1650.1300.03830.21%importer
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 13.02712.10016.22514.37918.82418.50818.36818.27818.703−0.090−0.49%exporter
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 0.2260.3390.5510.4510.461
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 0.4170.4520.5050.6090.7100.8950.7750.9380.8060.16220.93%importer
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 14.40523.5499.28130.8236.44627.1185.06124.2385.47219.177378.93%importer
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 1.1051.9781.9912.2972.540
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 0.4520.5850.4440.4480.449
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 0.1190.0750.1370.1480.154
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 0.4610.7661.0431.3670.9531.2521.0331.3561.1410.32331.30%importer
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 0.1040.0570.0430.0350.036
Flag of France.svg  Saint Pierre and Miquelon 14.43710.15311.0299.49610.505
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 7.0676.5946.0996.0554.230
Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan 0.0910.1190.1360.1410.147
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.3960.4760.6160.5690.592
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 4.2093.0773.5934.2954.557
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 11.68313.9157.9597.9606.6397.5375.6986.8626.4811.16320.42%importer
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 7.6018.2928.4469.4776.9689.4696.0768.8995.9212.82346.47%importer
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 6.73610.0155.97310.1064.2467.2143.5225.9363.4252.41468.56%importer
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini 1.1240.9470.8560.8980.912
Flag of Sint Maarten.svg  Sint Maarten 20.47419.12716.87713.47714.705
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 2.1144.4365.6495.1015.337
Flag of Syria (2025-).svg  Syria 2.9852.6841.7181.2591.266
Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg  Turks and Caicos Islands 5.3137.9328.8236.9927.558
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 0.0650.0770.1310.1080.113
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 0.2520.3310.3010.1980.2750.2680.2660.8350.2710.569214.24%importer
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 1.5702.1513.4533.3024.1343.7213.8813.8433.890−0.038−0.97%exporter
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 2.2250.9520.3520.9370.8801.7650.9891.3541.0600.36637.00%importer
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 8.4169.30012.29111.52513.089
Flag of East Timor.svg  Timor-Leste 0.1810.5100.5530.557
Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 0.8531.0751.2861.6161.649
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 13.4089.27527.71511.00227.26716.39623.55317.25323.677−6.300−26.75%exporter
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 1.5551.8842.1441.4672.5811.8752.2682.0832.575−0.185−8.14%exporter
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 2.7923.9703.8544.4085.2415.3874.9144.7795.263−0.134−2.74%exporter
Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 1.1950.7380.6750.6970.708
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 6.0278.49911.68913.24012.03612.23111.09411.64611.8550.5524.98%importer
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 0.0810.1390.1360.2220.2030.2970.1990.2860.2050.08743.60%importer
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 0.0430.0860.0720.1270.1340.1900.1240.1680.1260.04435.70%importer
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 13.6829.7046.6735.3274.9964.0654.7134.3324.637−0.380−8.07%exporter
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 1.2731.5751.7262.2881.8012.9141.8362.9531.9671.11760.83%importer
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 20.64820.34820.67622.66915.80117.08814.03715.47114.8591.43410.21%importer
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 5.0234.3873.4103.5273.569
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.7161.9622.0481.8532.048
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 6.1684.7636.1433.8594.5932.1552.6840.6342.828−2.050−76.37%exporter
Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg  British Virgin Islands 4.2157.6335.6024.6525.090
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 0.3180.3481.1390.8832.4781.6033.4032.1083.345−1.295−38.06%exporter
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 0.4370.2690.4800.5460.548
Flag of France.svg  Wallis and Futuna 1.3592.0112.1442.3182.387
Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa 0.5230.8931.1821.3311.344
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 0.7120.9280.3530.3760.378
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 7.8475.4958.4855.8757.7575.5807.4125.1427.340−2.270−30.62%exporter
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 0.3130.3560.1940.3620.3960.4770.3850.3910.3940.0061.54%importer
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 1.5381.7800.8750.9120.6510.7120.6770.7410.7060.0649.48%importer
Africa 1.0330.9231.1400.9461.0921.0371.0190.9761.041−0.043−4.18%exporter
Asia 2.0592.0423.1482.8084.3634.0444.4374.1264.621−0.311−7.00%exporter
Asia (excl. China and India)2.9913.0853.5953.5294.1483.8993.9573.7634.036−0.194−4.91%exporter
Europe 11.12610.7478.8009.4687.5558.0916.7077.2837.1120.5768.59%importer
Europe (excl. EU-27)13.73411.0869.0408.0778.3157.8547.9167.3968.349−0.520−6.56%exporter
Europe (excl. EU-28)14.48110.9448.9376.9639.0027.7308.7877.5309.269−1.257−14.31%exporter
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union (27)9.23610.5018.63510.4247.0388.2535.8887.2076.2761.31922.40%importer
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union (28)9.39010.6458.73510.6716.8868.2595.7547.1716.1281.41724.62%importer
North America 14.23314.02314.25315.40011.06511.7319.77310.53010.2830.7587.75%importer
North America (excl. USA)5.0364.9565.4905.4834.8414.6924.2234.1004.350−0.123−2.91%exporter
Oceania 11.67510.18712.94411.50611.20610.02110.3559.00710.021−1.348−13.02%exporter
South America 2.0192.0342.4212.1782.6732.6282.2742.1782.476−0.096−4.20%exporter
Low-income countries (UN)0.6350.0620.3980.0570.3040.1090.2840.1100.287−0.174−61.19%exporter
Middle-income countries (UN)
Lower middle income1.1120.9281.2631.0741.7601.5801.7601.5851.847−0.175−9.94%exporter
Upper middle income3.7373.2354.6553.7216.2395.5086.3705.6446.672−0.726−11.40%exporter
High-income countries 12.10712.96812.79314.57910.91212.0699.68910.90510.1481.21612.55%importer

Notes

  1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless and non-poisonous gas formed by combustion of carbon and in the respiration of living organisms and is considered a greenhouse gas.
    Emissions means the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time.
    Carbon dioxide emissions or CO2 emissions are emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement; they include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels as well as gas flaring
  2. Global Carbon Project (2022) Global carbon cycle.png
    Global Carbon Project (2022)
    The rate of build-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere can be reduced by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric CO2 can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas (GHG) from the atmosphere is referred to as a "sink". Human activities impact terrestrial sinks, through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), consequently, the exchange of CO2 (carbon cycle) between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is altered. [5]
  3. Greenhouse gases (GHG) constitute a group of gases contributing to global warming and climate change.
    The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 to curb global warming, nowadays covers seven greenhouse gases:
    • the non-fluorinated gases:
      • carbon dioxide (CO2),
      • methane (CH4),
      • nitrous oxide (N2O),
    • the fluorinated gases:
      • hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
      • perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
      • sulphur hexafluoride (SF6),
      • nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
    Converting them to carbon dioxide (or CO2) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming.
  4. Palau, which has only 22,000 inhabitants derives half its GDP from its 89,000 tourists and most of the transport and imported food are used by them.

    References

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    2. "Annual CO2 emissions by world region" (chart). ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
    3. 1 2 3 Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E.; Quadrelli, R.; Risquez Martin, A.; Taghavi-Moharamli, P.; Köykkä, J.; Grassi, G.; Rossi, S.; Melo, J.; Oom, D.; Branco, A.; San-Miguel, J.; Manca, G.; Pisoni, E.; Vignati, E.; Pekar, F. (2024). GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. ISBN   978-92-68-20572-3 . Retrieved 18 September 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    4. Global Carbon Project (2022) Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2022
    5. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)". unfccc.int. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
    6. Quesada, Benjamin; Arneth, Almut; Robertson, Eddy; de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie (2018). "Potential strong contribution of future anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change to the terrestrial carbon cycle". Environmental Research Letters. 13 (6). Bibcode:2018ERL....13f4023Q. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aac4c3 .
    7. Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model" . Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID   93958844 . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
    8. Ritchie, Hannah (2019). "How do CO2 emissions compare when we adjust for trade?". Our World in Data. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
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    10. Grubb, M. (July–September 2003). "The economics of the Kyoto protocol" (PDF). World Economics. 4 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011.
    11. Lerner & K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth (2006). "Environmental issues: essential primary sources". Thomson Gale. Retrieved 11 September 2006.
    12. "Are our water vapour emissions warming the climate?". Physics World. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
    13. 1 2 Hannah, Ritchie (7 October 2019). "How do CO2 emissions compare when we adjust for trade?". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
    14. 1 2 "Are consumption-based CO₂ per capita emissions above or below the global average? 2020". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
    15. Ritchie, Hannah (7 October 2019). "CO₂ emissions embedded in global trade". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
    16. Ritchie, Hannah (7 October 2019). "Production vs. consumption-based CO₂ emissions per capita". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data . Retrieved 18 September 2024.

    See also