| Sobekhotep V or VI? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 A seated Statue of Merhotepre Sobekhotep V from the Cairo Museum, on display at the King Tut exhibit in Seattle. It clearly bears both his royal names. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | c. 3(?) years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Sobekhotep IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Sobekhotep VI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Father | Sobekhotep IV ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Nubhotepti' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Late 13th Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merhotepre Sobekhotep (also known as Sobekhotep V; Sobekhotep VI in older studies) was an Egyptian king of the late 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Merhotepre Sobekhotep is mainly attested in Upper Egypt. Items can be separated between "Merhotepre", "Merhotepre Ini" and "Merhotepre Sobekhotep". There can be slight differences how they spell the name Merhotepre. Merhotepre Ini and his predecessor Merneferre Ay can be associated with Memphis-Faiyum region, while Merhotepre Sobekhotep seems more related to the Thebaid region.
[1] A seated statue of the king bearing his cartouche, now located in the Cairo Museum. [1]
[2] From Karnak, a striding statue of Sobekhotep V Merhotepre. [2] [3]
[3] At Abydos, a stela mentions the prenomen "Merhotepre" writing in the same way as Merhotepre Sobekhotep. [4] [5]
[4] At Thebes, the Juridical Stela is dated to Year 1 of Nebiriau and mentions a decree issued in Year 1 of "Merhotepre". The stela have often been associated with Merhotepre Ini, but Merhotepre Sobekhotep is more likely.
The Karnak King List 50 (52) dating to the time of Thutmose III, mentions "Merhotepre" between Sewahenra (49) and Wegaf (51). [6] The entry can belong to either Merhotepre Ini or Merhotepre Sobekhotep, put the way Merhotepre is spelled suggests Merhotepre Sobekhotep. In addition, the rulers next to him support an earlier date.
The Turin King List, a king list redacted in the early Ramesside period, does not preserve the name of Merhotepre Sobekhotep. Kim Ryholt (1997) suggests Merhotepre Sobekhotep is missing from the list because he was listed in the line below that of Sobekhotep IV, a line lost in a lacuna of the papyrus. [7]
While Franke and von Beckerath identified Merhotepre Sobekhotep with Merhotepre Ini, on the basis that they have the same prenomen, Ryholt showed in 1997 that he was listed in the lacuna below Sobekhotep IV. Furthermore, Ryholt points to the many rulers of the period who shared prenomen and yet were not the same person. Ryholt thus sees him as a separate ruler from Merhotepre Ini and credits him a reign of approximately 3 years. [8]
According to egyptologist Kim Ryholt he was the thirtieth pharaoh of the dynasty, while Darrell Baker believes instead that he was its twenty-ninth ruler. [9] [10] In older studies, Jürgen von Beckerath and Detlef Franke identified Merhotepre Sobekhotep with Merhotepre Ini, thereby making him Sobekhotep VI and the twenty-eighth ruler of the 13th Dynasty. [11] [12] [13]
Merhotepre Sobekhotep's position following the reign of Sobekhotep IV is strongly suggested by the fact that five 13th Dynasty pharaohs are attested by genealogical seals which mention their parents. Four of these pharaohs are known to have been Sobekhotep III, Neferhotep I and his two brothers Sihathor, and Sobekhotep IV. [14] But two genealogical seals bear name of the ruler's mother as The king's Mother Nubhotepti and the king as Sobekhotep. [14] However, Sobekhotep III's mother was Jewhetibew whereas Neferhotep I, Sihathor and Sobekhotep IV were the sons of The King's Mother Kemi. [15] This means that there was a different king named Sobekhotep who used genealogical seals in his lifetime. A further seal impression found at Tukh apparently mentions the father of this unknown king and while it is broken, and the father's name is unreadable, "it is clear from the traces that it was neither Monthhotep [Sobekhotep III's father] or Haankhef [Neferhotep I, Sihathor and Sobekhotep IV's father]". [14] This seal impression is likely, therefore, to have been made by the paternal counterpart to the seal naming Nubhotepti. Since the seal impression bears a prenomen that appears to read mr-[...]-r' , Ryholt argues that we are dealing "with a king whose nomen was Sobekhotep and whose prenomen was constructed on the form mr-X-rˁ" such as Merhotepre or Merkawre Sobekhotep. [16]
Ryholt notes, furthermore, that during the 13th Dynasty, royal genealogical seals were in use only during the period of the four identified kings, which succeeded each other on the throne: Sobekhotep III-Neferhotep I-Sihathor-Sobekhotep IV. Since during the 30+ years that followed in the reigns of Khahotepre Sobekhotep, Wahibre Ibiau and Merneferre Ay, no genealogical seals are attested for these three kings, it is safe to assume that "it had thus positively gone out of use by their reigns". Thus, Merkawre Sobekhotep would not have used it in his reign since he was the ninth successor of Sobekhotep IV. [17] The 30-year gap also excludes the reigns of other intervening kings from the death of Sobekhotep IV and the accession of Merkawre Sobekhotep such as Sewadjkare Hori who ruled Egypt for five years as per the Turin King List. Therefore, king Merhotepre Sobekhotep, who is also attested by a statue from the Cairo Museum, would be the only candidate remaining to be the immediate successor of Sobekhotep IV and predecessor of Khahotepre Sobekhotep. Merhotepre Sobekhotep employed genealogical seals and his name was lost in a lacuna at the bottom of a column of the Turin canon. [17] The successor of Merhotepre Sobekhotep, Khahotepre Sobekhotep, whose reign is mentioned on the Turin canon, also has a prenomen which is similar in style since it is built on an X-htp-rˁ formula, further confirming that both reigned in close succession.
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Khasekhemre Neferhotep I was an Egyptian pharaoh of the mid Thirteenth Dynasty ruling in the second half of the 18th century BC during a time referred to as the late Middle Kingdom or early Second Intermediate Period, depending on the scholar. One of the best attested rulers of the 13th Dynasty, Neferhotep I reigned for 11 years.
Khutawyre Wegaf was a pharaoh of the early Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the late Middle Kingdom/Second Intermediate Period. He is known from several sources, including a stele and statues. In the Turin King List he is the first ruler of this dynasty with a reign of 2 regnal years.
Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV was one of the more powerful Egyptian kings of the 13th Dynasty, who reigned at least eight years. His brothers, Neferhotep I and Sihathor, were his predecessors on the throne, the latter having only ruled as coregent for a few months.
Khaankhre Sobekhotep was a pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. His chronological position is much debated. In literature, Khaankhre Sobekhotep is known as Sobekhotep I. However, he is now believed to be Sobekhotep II or Sobekhotep IV.
Merhotepre Ini was a minor king in Ancient Egypt, thought to be the successor of Merneferre Ay in the late Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The Turin King List may assigned him a brief reign of 2 Years, 3 or 4 Months and 9 days.
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Sekhemre Seusertawy Sobekhotep VIII was an ancient Egyptian ruler during the Second Intermediate Period whose exact chronological placement remains uncertain. He may have ruled over the Theban region in Upper Egypt. Scholars debate whether he belonged to the 13th, 16th, or 17th Dynasty. If Sobekhotep VIII was a king of the 16th Dynasty, it is thought that he is listed in the Turin Canon (11:2), which credits him with a 16-year reign.
Sewadjenre Nebiryraw was an ancient Egyptian king of the Theban-based 16th Dynasty, during the Second Intermediate Period.
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Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the early Second Intermediate Period, possibly the fifth or tenth king of the Dynasty.
Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI was an Egyptian king of the late 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Seankhenre Mentuhotepi was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh during the fragmented Second Intermediate Period. According to egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, he was the fifth king of the 16th Dynasty reigning over the Theban region in Upper Egypt. Alternatively, Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the fifth king of the 17th Dynasty.
Merkawre Sobekhotep was an Ancient Egyptian king during the Second Intermediate Period.
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Mershepsesre Ini was a pharaoh of the late 13th Dynasty, possibly the forty-sixth king of this dynasty. He reigned over Upper Egypt during the mid-17th century BC.
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