| Seth Meribre | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seth Merybre, Set | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Usurped stele which Ryholt attributed to Seth Meribre (Cairo JE 35256) [1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | x years, x months, and 6 days less than 10 years, probably less than 5 years, ending 1749 BC [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Sehetepkare Intef | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Sobekhotep III | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 13th Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seth Meribre was an Ancient Egyptian petty king during the early 13th Dynasty during the late Middle Kingdom.
Seth Meribre is only attested in the Turin King List dating to the time of Ramesses II. There are no certain contemporary evidence of this king, except for two speculative suggestions. The lack of archaelogical evidence would indicate his reign was very short.
At Abydos, a stele dated to a regnal Year 4 and dedicated to preserving the procession road in the area of Wepwawet was usurped by Neferhotep I in the mid-late 13th Dynasty. [2] Anthony Leahy (1989) suggested the stele had been usurped from Wegaf. [3] Von Beckerath (1965:56) suggested Sobekhotep III. Ryholt (1997) argued that the stele was taken from Meribre Seth. [1]
At Medamud, a temple has yielded many ruined structures and architectural remains. Some may have been erected by Seth Meribre, but were subsequently usurped by his successor Sobekhotep III. [4] In particular, a lintel from Medamud and now in the Egyptian Museum, JE 44944, bears almost-erased signs corresponding to Seth Meribre's nomen.[ citation needed ]
The Turin King List 7:23 (Alan Gardiner and Jürgen von Beckerath: col. 6 row 23) [4] mentions "The Dual King Meribra Seth ... 6 days". [5] He is predeced by Sehotepkara Intef (7:22) and successed by Sekhemre Wadjtawy Sobekhotep (7:24). The duration of Seth Meribre's reign is lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon, except for the end "... [and] 6 days".
The Egyptologists Darrell Baker and Kim Ryholt place Seth Meribre as the twenty-fourth ruler of the 13th Dynasty, while Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the twentieth king. [6] These authors agree, however, that Seth Meribre probably usurped the throne at the expense of his predecessor, Sehetepkare Intef. [4]
Kim Ryholt gives a total of 10 years for the combined reigns of Imyremeshaw, Sehetepkare Intef and Seth Meribre. [1] Furthermore, following Papyrus Boulaq 18, there are reasons to believe that either Imyremeshaw or Sehetepkare Intef reigned for over five years, thus leaving less than 5 years to Seth Meribre.[ citation needed ]
Jürgen von Beckerath believes that Seth Meribre can be identified with a king mentioned on Genealogy of Ankhefensekhmet of the much later 22nd Dynasty. This king bears the name "Aaqen", literally The donkey is strong. Von Beckerath proposes that this refers to Seth Meribre and that the name originally was "Sethqen", that is, Seth is strong. Indeed, since the god Seth had been ostracized during the 22nd Dynasty, the hieroglyph of the Seth-animal had been replaced by the hieroglyph of the donkey, yielding "Aaqen".
Seth Meribre may have been the twenty-fourth pharaoh and reigned from Memphis, ending in 1749 BC [1] or c. 1700 BC. [7] The length of his reign is not known for certain; the Egyptologist Kim Ryholt proposes that he reigned for a short time, certainly less than ten years. [1]
Merneferre Ay was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the mid 13th Dynasty. The longest reigning pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty, he ruled a likely fragmented Egypt for over 23 years in the early to mid 17th century BC. A pyramidion bearing his name shows that he possibly completed a pyramid, probably located in the necropolis of Memphis.
Smenkhkare Imyremeshaw was a minor king of the early 13th Dynasty during the late Middle Kingdom. He apparently had a short reign and is mainly attested in the Memphis-Faiyum region in Egypt.
Sehetepkare Intef was the a minor king of the early 13th Dynasty during the late Middle Kingdom.
Khutawyre Wegaf was a pharaoh of the early Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the late Middle Kingdom/Second Intermediate Period. He is known from several sources, including a stele and statues. In the Turin King List he is the first ruler of this dynasty with a reign of 2 regnal years.
Merhotepre Sobekhotep was an Egyptian king of the late 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Khaankhre Sobekhotep was a pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. His chronological position is much debated. In literature, Khaankhre Sobekhotep is known as Sobekhotep I. However, he is now believed to be Sobekhotep II or Sobekhotep IV.
Sekhemre Wahkhau Rahotep was an Egyptian pharaoh who reigned during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was ruled by multiple kings. The Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker believe that Rahotep was the first king of the 17th Dynasty.
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Sekhemre Seusertawy Sobekhotep VIII was an ancient Egyptian ruler during the Second Intermediate Period whose exact chronological placement remains uncertain. He may have ruled over the Theban region in Upper Egypt. Scholars debate whether he belonged to the 13th, 16th, or 17th Dynasty. If Sobekhotep VIII was a king of the 16th Dynasty, it is thought that he is listed in the Turin Canon (11:2), which credits him with a 16-year reign.
Neferkamin Anu was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period, c2181 - 2055 BC. According to the Abydos King List and the latest reconstruction of the Turin canon by Kim Ryholt, he was the 13th king of the Eighth Dynasty. This opinion is shared by the Egyptologists Jürgen von Beckerath, Thomas Schneider and Darrell Baker. As a pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty, Neferkamin Anu would have reigned over the Memphite region.
Sekhemre Sankhtawy Neferhotep III Iykhernofret was the third or fourth ruler of the Theban 16th Dynasty, reigning after Sobekhotep VIII according to Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker. He is assigned a reign of 1 year in the Turin Canon and is known primarily by a single stela from Thebes. In an older study, Jürgen von Beckerath dated Neferhotep III to the end of the 13th Dynasty.
Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI was an Egyptian king of the late 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Nedjemibre was an ephemeral Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period reigning c. 1780 BC or 1736 BC.
Mersekhemre Ined was a pharaoh of the late 13th Dynasty, possibly the thirty-fifth king of this dynasty. As such he would have reigned from Memphis over Middle and Upper Egypt for a short time either during the early or mid-17th century, from 1672 until 1669 BC or from 1651 until 1648 BC. He may be the same king as Mersekhemre Neferhotep II.
Sekhemkare Amenemhat Senebef was an Egyptian pharaoh of the early 13th Dynasty, often considered as the final part of the late Middle Kingdom or early Second Intermediate Period.
Nerikare was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Sekhemraneferkhau Wepwawetemsaf was an Egyptian pharaoh during the Second Intermediate Period.
Menkhaure Snaaib was an Egyptian pharaoh during the Second Intermediate Period between the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom at the end of the Middle Bronze Age.
Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw was an Egyptian pharaoh of the early 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Sewahenre Senebmiu is a poorly attested Egyptian pharaoh during the Second Intermediate Period, thought to belong to the late 13th Dynasty.
