Yuma County, Arizona

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Yuma County
Old Yuma City Hall.jpg
Olneya-tesota-01.jpg
Ocean to Ocean Bridge, Yuma, AZ.jpg
Yuma County Courthouse.jpg
Kofa Mountains 002.jpg
Mcphaul's bridge, yuma.jpg
Downtown Yuma Arizona (3).jpg
Yuma County 651.jpg
Clockwise from top: Old Yuma City Hall, Ocean to Ocean Bridge, Kofa Mountains, Downtown Yuma, Yuma County administration building, McPhaul Suspension Bridge, Yuma County Courthouse and the Sonoran Desert near Yuma.
Flag of Yuma County, Arizona.svg
Yuma County Arizona Seal.png
Map of Arizona highlighting Yuma County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Arizona
Arizona in United States.svg
Arizona's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 32°47′13″N113°58′58″W / 32.786944444444°N 113.98277777778°W / 32.786944444444; -113.98277777778
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Arizona.svg  Arizona
FoundedNovember 9, 1864
Named for Yuma (Quechan) people
Seat Yuma
Largest cityYuma
Area
  Total5,519 sq mi (14,290 km2)
  Land5,514 sq mi (14,280 km2)
  Water5.1 sq mi (13 km2)  0.1%
Population
 (2020)
  Total203,881
  Estimate 
(2023)
213,221 Increase2.svg
  Density37/sq mi (14/km2)
Time zone UTC−7 (Mountain)
Congressional districts 7th, 9th
Website www.yumacountyaz.gov

Yuma County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 203,881. [1] The county seat is Yuma. [2]

Contents

Yuma County includes the Yuma, Arizona Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The county borders three states: Sonora, Mexico, to the south, and two other states to the west, across the Colorado River: California of the United States and the Mexican state of Baja California.

Being 63.8% Hispanic in 2020, Yuma is Arizona's largest majority-Hispanic county. [3]

History

Long settled by Native Americans of indigenous cultures for thousands of years, this area was controlled by the Spanish Empire in the colonial era. In the 19th century, it was part of independent Mexico before the Mexican–American War and Gadsden Purchase.

Yuma County was one of four original Arizona counties created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature. [4] The county territory was defined as being west of longitude 113° 20' and south of the Bill Williams River. [5] Its original boundaries remained the same until 1982, when La Paz County was created from its northern half.

The original county seat was the city of La Paz; in 1871 it was moved to Arizona City, later renamed as Yuma in 1873. [6] [ dead link ]

Economy

This county is the highest crop producer in the state by dollar value per year. [7] Yuma County tops the list for the categories of vegetables + melons + potatoes + sweet potatoes at $782,293,000, and fruits + tree nuts + berries at $62,499,000. [7] Overall this is the second (to Maricopa) producing county for all agricultural products at $1,143,068,000 per year [7] and for organic production. [8] :320 Almost all of the dates ( Phoenix dactylifera ) in the state are grown here, [8] :299 about 10 million pounds (4,500 metric tons; 5,000 short tons) worth $35 million per year. [9] This is the second highest citrus producer behind Maricopa, [8] :302 a distant second in grapefruit, [8] :302 limes, [8] :302 and oranges [8] :303 but producing far more lemons. [8] :302 Some olives, [8] :299 clingstone peaches, [8] :300 and plums [8] :301 are grown here. Yuma County produces almost all of the vegetable seed grown in the state. [8] :311 The average farmer age is the lowest in the state, at 56.6 years. [8] :326

During the winter agricultural season from November to March, some 40,000 Mexican workers cross the border daily to work in United States fields. [10] The area is watered by the Colorado River, and the sector supplies a large part of the US leafy vegetables. [11] [12] The Yuma Lettuce Days festival and agritourism is connected to Yuma agriculture. In 2017 the county produced vegetables worth $782,293,000, ranking first in the state and third in the entire country, from 107,908 acres (43,669 ha). [8] Fruits brought $62,499,000, also first in the state, 56th out of >3000 counties in the country. [8] Jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis ) is a valuable native crop here. [13] :239 From here it has also been introduced into cultivation in other countries. [13] :239

The Sweetpotato Whitefly (Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci ) is a common pest here. [14] :47 The county is planted with large extents of several crops which serve as hosts. [15] :263

Date trees ( Phoenix dactylifera ) were planted here in the 2010s. [16] In this county, plantations suffer from the Carob Moth ( Ectomyelois ceratoniae ) and the Banks Grass Mite ( Oligonychus pratensis ). [16]

Leaders in the county are aware their economy is tied to that of Mexican states on the other side of the border; both have to be considered. "There are automotive plants in Ciudad Juárez, across from El Paso; aerospace plants in Mexicali, southwest of Yuma; and medical devices’ manufacturers in Tijuana, near San Diego. On the American side, there is a mix of retail stores, warehouses and trucking companies..." [10]

Because of Yuma County's location along the U.S.-Mexico border, large numbers of aliens entering the United States illegally pass through Yuma County. From October 2004 to July 2005, some 124,400 undocumented foreign nationals were apprehended in the area, a 46% increase over the previous year. [17] In 2014, however, only 5,902 people were apprehended. The report from the Congressional Research Service stated, "...it is unclear how much of the drop-off is due to increased enforcement and how much is a result of the U.S. economic downturn and other systemic factors". [18] [10]

The Greater Yuma Economic Development Corp anticipates many agricultural jobs in the county will soon transition to robotics. [19]

Government

The Board of Supervisors is the governing body of the county and a number of special districts. The board has members from five districts. [20] The Board adopts ordinances, establishes programs, levies taxes, appropriates funds, appoints certain officials, and zones property and regulates development in the unincorporated area. In addition, members of the Board represent the county on numerous intergovernmental agencies. [21]

In Arizona's first 52 years as a state, Yuma County was a primarily Democratic county, only voting for the Republican candidates four times in presidential elections prior to 1968. From 1968 onward, it has consistently voted for Republican presidential candidates. In 2016, county voters elected more Democrats to the Board than Republicans for the first time since 2004. [22] However, their margins of victory have been reduced in recent years as the county has rapidly grown in population and become majority-Hispanic. Donald Trump only won the county by 560 votes over Hillary Clinton in the presidential election of 2016. However, Trump's margin did improve to over 4,000 votes as he won the county again in 2020 over Joe Biden.

United States presidential election results for Yuma County, Arizona [23]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.%No.%No.%
2020 36,53452.14%32,21045.97%1,3281.90%
2016 25,16547.47%24,60546.42%3,2406.11%
2012 23,35255.50%18,05942.92%6621.57%
2008 24,57756.15%18,55942.40%6361.45%
2004 22,18457.58%16,03241.61%3130.81%
2000 15,70854.82%12,05542.07%8893.10%
1996 13,01347.03%12,26744.33%2,3918.64%
1992 11,65241.55%10,36736.97%6,02621.49%
1988 13,25358.95%8,95239.82%2751.22%
1984 13,84867.61%6,45831.53%1750.85%
1980 13,39363.34%6,01428.44%1,7388.22%
1976 9,32452.15%7,99844.73%5583.12%
1972 9,59663.52%4,75531.48%7555.00%
1968 6,85646.85%5,77039.43%2,00713.72%
1964 6,54845.44%7,85754.52%50.03%
1960 5,54745.45%6,64254.42%150.12%
1956 5,33047.96%5,77651.98%70.06%
1952 4,76151.72%4,44448.28%00.00%
1948 2,32433.37%4,48364.37%1572.25%
1944 1,83134.46%3,47265.35%100.19%
1940 1,87031.01%4,13868.61%230.38%
1936 97621.22%3,42874.54%1954.24%
1932 1,16224.06%3,46371.70%2054.24%
1928 2,32859.43%1,58940.57%00.00%
1924 1,28041.75%85127.76%93530.50%
1920 1,60657.71%1,17742.29%00.00%
1916 72732.46%1,32259.02%1918.53%
1912 908.43%42439.74%55351.83%

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 5,519 square miles (14,290 km2), of which 5,514 square miles (14,280 km2) is land and 5.1 square miles (13 km2) (0.1%) is water. [24] The lowest point in the state of Arizona is on the Colorado River in San Luis in Yuma County, where it flows out of Arizona and into Sonora in Mexico.

Yuma County is in the west, and northwestern regions of the north–south Sonoran Desert that extends through Sonora state of Mexico to the border of northern Sinaloa state. West of the county across the Colorado River in southeast California is the Colorado Desert, (a northwestern subregion of the Sonoran Desert). North of the county, with La Paz County the regions merge into the southeastern Mojave Desert. Southwest of Yuma County, is the entirety of Northwest Mexico, at the north shoreline of the Gulf of California, and the outlet of the Colorado River into the Colorado River Delta region, now altered with lack of freshwater inputs. Notable mountains in Yuma County include the Gila Mountains and the Tule Mountains.

Adjacent counties and municipalities

Major highways

National protected areas

Climate

Climate data for Yuma, Arizona (1991–2020 normals [lower-alpha 1] , sunshine 1981–2010, extremes 1878–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)88
(31)
97
(36)
102
(39)
107
(42)
120
(49)
122
(50)
124
(51)
120
(49)
123
(51)
112
(44)
98
(37)
86
(30)
124
(51)
Mean maximum °F (°C)79.5
(26.4)
84.1
(28.9)
92.8
(33.8)
100.3
(37.9)
106.2
(41.2)
112.9
(44.9)
115.0
(46.1)
114.4
(45.8)
110.6
(43.7)
102.2
(39.0)
89.5
(31.9)
78.0
(25.6)
116.6
(47.0)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)69.8
(21.0)
73.4
(23.0)
80.2
(26.8)
86.4
(30.2)
94.3
(34.6)
103.3
(39.6)
106.7
(41.5)
106.4
(41.3)
101.4
(38.6)
90.2
(32.3)
77.7
(25.4)
67.8
(19.9)
88.1
(31.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)58.8
(14.9)
61.9
(16.6)
67.6
(19.8)
73.1
(22.8)
80.6
(27.0)
89.1
(31.7)
94.6
(34.8)
94.8
(34.9)
89.5
(31.9)
78.0
(25.6)
66.1
(18.9)
57.3
(14.1)
76.0
(24.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)47.9
(8.8)
50.4
(10.2)
55.0
(12.8)
59.8
(15.4)
66.9
(19.4)
75.0
(23.9)
82.6
(28.1)
83.2
(28.4)
77.6
(25.3)
65.7
(18.7)
54.4
(12.4)
46.8
(8.2)
63.8
(17.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C)38.1
(3.4)
40.8
(4.9)
44.7
(7.1)
49.6
(9.8)
56.8
(13.8)
65.1
(18.4)
75.2
(24.0)
75.0
(23.9)
66.9
(19.4)
54.6
(12.6)
44.1
(6.7)
37.2
(2.9)
35.6
(2.0)
Record low °F (°C)22
(−6)
25
(−4)
31
(−1)
38
(3)
39
(4)
50
(10)
61
(16)
58
(14)
50
(10)
35
(2)
29
(−2)
22
(−6)
22
(−6)
Average precipitation inches (mm)0.39
(9.9)
0.38
(9.7)
0.39
(9.9)
0.14
(3.6)
0.06
(1.5)
0.01
(0.25)
0.24
(6.1)
0.20
(5.1)
0.68
(17)
0.13
(3.3)
0.23
(5.8)
0.43
(11)
3.28
(83)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)2.62.31.90.80.50.11.21.41.51.01.02.316.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 268.4270.8335.5365.5407.4415.4392.6375.6341.7319.6270.1252.74,015.3
Percent possible sunshine 84889094959790919291868190
Average ultraviolet index 35781010111096437
Source 1: NOAA [25] [26]
Source 2: Weather Atlas [27]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1870 1,621
1880 3,21598.3%
1890 2,671−16.9%
1900 4,14555.2%
1910 7,73386.6%
1920 14,90492.7%
1930 17,81619.5%
1940 19,3268.5%
1950 28,00644.9%
1960 46,23565.1%
1970 60,82731.6%
1980 90,55448.9%
1990 106,89518.0%
2000 160,02649.7%
2010 195,75122.3%
2020 203,8814.2%
2023 (est.)213,221 [28] 4.6%
U.S. Decennial Census [29]
1790–1960 [30] 1900–1990 [31]
1990–2000 [32] 2010–2020 [1]

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 160,026 people, 53,848 households, and 41,678 families residing in the county. The population density was 29 people per square mile (11 people/km2). There were 74,140 housing units at an average density of 13 units per square mile (5.0 units/km2). The county's racial makeup was 68.3% White, 2.2% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.6% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 50.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.7% reported speaking Spanish at home Language Map Data Center.

There were 53,848 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,182, and the median income for a family was $34,659. Males had a median income of $27,390 versus $22,276 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,802. About 15.5% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.9% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 195,751 people, 64,767 households, and 48,976 families residing in the county. [33] The population density was 35.5 inhabitants per square mile (13.7 inhabitants/km2). There were 87,850 housing units at an average density of 15.9 units per square mile (6.1 units/km2). [34] The racial makeup of the county was 70.4% white, 2.0% black or African American, 1.6% American Indian, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 20.8% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 59.7% of the population. [33] In terms of ancestry, 10.6% were German, 7.4% were English, 6.9% were Irish, and 3.2% were American. [35]

Of the 64,767 households, 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.4% were non-families, and 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.39. The median age was 33.8 years. [33]

The median income for a household in the county was $40,340 and the median income for a family was $42,718. Males had a median income of $36,345 versus $27,262 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,418. About 17.6% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.7% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over. [36]

Communities

Map of Yuma County showing incorporated and unincorporated areas as well as Indian reservations in the county. Yuma County Incorporated and Unincorporated areas.svg
Map of Yuma County showing incorporated and unincorporated areas as well as Indian reservations in the county.

Cities

Town

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

Indian reservations

County population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Yuma County. [37] [38]

county seat

RankCity/Town/etc.Population (2010 Census)Municipal typeIncorporated
1Yuma 93,064City1914
2 Fortuna Foothills 26,265CDP
3 San Luis 25,505City1979
4 Somerton 14,287City1918
5 Avenue B and C 4,176CDP
6 Wellton 2,882Town1970
7Donovan Estates1,508CDP
8Martinez Lake798CDP
9 Gadsden 678CDP
10Rancho Mesa Verde625CDP
11 Tacna 602CDP
12Orange Grove Mobile Manor594CDP
13El Prado Estates504CDP
14 Dateland 416CDP
15Wall Lane415CDP
16Drysdale272CDP
17Wellton Hills258CDP
18Padre Ranchitos171CDP
19Buckshot153CDP
20Aztec47CDP
21Yuma Proving Ground0CDP

See also

Notes

  1. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.

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References

Specific
  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. "2020 Census". 2020 Census. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  4. "Yuma County Sheriff's Office: History". www.yumacountysheriff.org. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  5. Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history . Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp.  58. ISBN   0816501769.
  6. Walker, Henry (1986). Historical Atlas of Arizona, p. 32. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. ISBN   978-0806120249
  7. 1 2 3 "Census of Agriculture - State and County Profiles - Arizona" (PDF). USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service . 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
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General

32°47′13″N113°58′58″W / 32.78694°N 113.98278°W / 32.78694; -113.98278