Afimoxifene

Last updated
Afimoxifene
Afimoxifene2DACS.svg
Clinical data
Trade names TamoGel
Other names4-Hydroxytamoxifen; 4-OHT; 4-HT; OHTAM; TamoGel
Routes of
administration 		Topical (gel)
Identifiers
  • (Z)-4-(1-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-enyl)phenol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.163.120 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C26H29NO2
Molar mass 387.523 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC\C(c1ccccc1)=C(c2ccc(OCCN(C)C)cc2)/c3ccc(O)cc3
  • InChI=1S/C26H29NO2/c1-4-25(20-8-6-5-7-9-20)26(21-10-14-23(28)15-11-21)22-12-16-24(17-13-22)29-19-18-27(2)3/h5-17,28H,4,18-19H2,1-3H3/b26-25- Yes check.svgY
  • Key:TXUZVZSFRXZGTL-QPLCGJKRSA-N Yes check.svgY
   (verify)

Afimoxifene, also known as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and by its tentative brand name TamoGel, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group and an active metabolite of tamoxifen. [1] [2] [3] The drug is under development under the tentative brand name TamoGel as a topical gel for the treatment of hyperplasia of the breast. [1] [4] It has completed a phase II clinical trial for cyclical mastalgia, [5] but further studies are required before afimoxifene can be approved for this indication and marketed. [4]

Contents

Afimoxifene is a SERM and hence acts as a tissue-selective agonist–antagonist of the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity depending on the tissue. It is also an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with relatively low affinity (100–1,000 nM, relative to 3–6 nM for estradiol). [6] In addition to its estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, afimoxifene has been found to act as an antagonist of the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) ERRβ and ERRγ. [7] [8] [9]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etacstil</span> Chemical compound

Etacstil is an orally active, nonsteroidal, combined selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that was developed for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It was shown to overcome antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer by altering the shape of the estrogen receptor, thus exhibiting SERD properties. Etacstil is a tamoxifen derivative and one of the first drugs to overcome tamoxifen-resistance. It is the predecessor of GW-7604, of which etacstil is a prodrug. This is analogous to the case of tamoxifen being a prodrug of afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen).

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norendoxifen</span> Chemical compound

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<i>N</i>-Desmethyltamoxifen Chemical compound

N-Desmethyltamoxifen is a major metabolite of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). N-Desmethyltamoxifen is further metabolized into endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen), which is thought to be the major active form of tamoxifen in the body. In one study, N-desmethyltamoxifen had an affinity for the estrogen receptor of 2.4% relative to estradiol. For comparison, tamoxifen, endoxifen, and afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen) had relative binding affinities of 2.8%, 181%, and 181%, respectively.

References

  1. 1 2 "Afimoxifene - BHR Pharma". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  2. ↑ Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA (September 2004). "Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 310 (3): 1062–1075. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.065607. PMID   15159443. S2CID   21413981.
  3. ↑ "Statement on a nonproprietary name adopted by the USAN council: Afimoxifene" (PDF). American Medical Association. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
  4. 1 2 Goyal A, Mansel RE (16 November 2016). "Mastalgia". In Jatoi I, Rody A (eds.). Management of Breast Diseases. Springer. pp. 77–. ISBN   978-3-319-46356-8.
  5. ↑ Mansel R, Goyal A, Nestour EL, Masini-Etévé V, O'Connell K (December 2007). "A phase II trial of Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen gel) for cyclical mastalgia in premenopausal women". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 106 (3): 389–397. doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9507-x. PMID   17351746. S2CID   22382077.
  6. ↑ Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB (July 2015). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVII. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Its Pharmacologic Modulators". Pharmacological Reviews. 67 (3): 505–540. doi:10.1124/pr.114.009712. PMC   4485017 . PMID   26023144.
  7. ↑ Levine AC (3 October 2011). Hormones and Cancer: Breast and Prostate, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 271–. ISBN   978-1-4557-1239-7.
  8. ↑ Khetan SK (23 May 2014). "Anti-Androgenic Chemicals". Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment. Wiley. pp. 104–. ISBN   978-1-118-89115-5.
  9. ↑ Ariazi EA, Jordan VC (2006). "Estrogen-related receptors as emerging targets in cancer and metabolic disorders". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (3): 203–215. doi:10.2174/1568026610606030203. PMID   16515477.
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