![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diethylstilbestrol</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Diethylstilbestrol_molecule_ball.png/320px-Diethylstilbestrol_molecule_ball.png)
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used. In the past, it was widely used for a variety of indications, including pregnancy support for those with a history of recurrent miscarriage, hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency, treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer, and other uses. By 2007, it was only used in the treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer. In 2011, Hoover and colleagues reported on adverse health outcomes linked to DES including infertility, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, infant death, menopause prior to age 45, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and vaginal cancer. While most commonly taken by mouth, DES was available for use by other routes as well, for instance, vaginal, topical, and by injection.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethinylestradiol</span> Estrogen medication](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ethinylestradiol.svg/320px-Ethinylestradiol.svg.png)
Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins. In the past, EE was widely used for various indications such as the treatment of menopausal symptoms, gynecological disorders, and certain hormone-sensitive cancers. It is usually taken by mouth but is also used as a patch and vaginal ring.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estramustine phosphate</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Estramustine_phosphate.svg/320px-Estramustine_phosphate.svg.png)
Estramustine phosphate (EMP), also known as estradiol normustine phosphate and sold under the brand names Emcyt and Estracyt, is a dual estrogen and chemotherapy medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It is taken multiple times a day by mouth or by injection into a vein.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fosfestrol</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fosfestrol.svg/320px-Fosfestrol.svg.png)
Fosfestrol, sold under the brand name Honvan and also known as diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESDP), is an estrogen medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It is given by slow intravenous infusion once per day to once per week or by mouth once per day.
Feminizing hormone therapy, also known as transfeminine hormone therapy, is hormone therapy and sex reassignment therapy to change the secondary sex characteristics of transgender people from masculine or androgynous to feminine. It is a common type of transgender hormone therapy and is used to treat transgender women and non-binary transfeminine individuals. Some, in particular intersex people, but also some non-transgender people, take this form of therapy according to their personal needs and preferences.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol benzoate</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Estradiol_benzoate.svg/320px-Estradiol_benzoate.svg.png)
Estradiol benzoate (EB), sold under the brand name Progynon-B among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels in women, in hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. It is also used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. Estradiol benzoate is used in veterinary medicine as well. When used clinically, the medication is given by injection into muscle usually two to three times per week.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol undecylate</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Estradiol_undecylate.svg/320px-Estradiol_undecylate.svg.png)
Estradiol undecylate, also known as estradiol undecanoate and formerly sold under the brand names Delestrec and Progynon Depot 100 among others, is an estrogen medication which has been used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It has also been used as a part of hormone therapy for transgender women. Although estradiol undecylate has been used in the past, it was discontinued .The medication has been given by injection into muscle usually once a month.
An estrogen ester is an ester of an estrogen, most typically of estradiol but also of other estrogens such as estrone, estriol, and even nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Esterification renders estradiol into a prodrug of estradiol with increased resistance to first-pass metabolism, slightly improving its oral bioavailability. In addition, estrogen esters have increased lipophilicity, which results in a longer duration when given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection due to the formation of a long-lasting local depot in muscle and fat. Conversely, this is not the case with intravenous injection or oral administration. Estrogen esters are rapidly hydrolyzed into their parent estrogen by esterases once they have been released from the depot. Because estradiol esters are prodrugs of estradiol, they are considered to be natural and bioidentical forms of estrogen.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyproterone acetate</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cyproterone_acetate.svg/320px-Cyproterone_acetate.svg.png)
Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or with ethinylestradiol under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions such as acne, excessive body hair growth, early puberty, and prostate cancer, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender individuals, and in birth control pills. It is formulated and used both alone and in combination with an estrogen. CPA is taken by mouth one to three times per day.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol (medication)</span> Steroidal hormone medication](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Estradiol.svg/320px-Estradiol.svg.png)
Estradiol (E2) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is an estrogen and is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy and to treat low sex hormone levels in women. It is also used in hormonal birth control for women, in feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, among other uses. Estradiol can be taken by mouth, held and dissolved under the tongue, as a gel or patch that is applied to the skin, in through the vagina, by injection into muscle or fat, or through the use of an implant that is placed into fat, among other routes.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prasterone enanthate</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Prasterone_enanthate.svg/320px-Prasterone_enanthate.svg.png)
Prasterone enanthate, also known as dehydroepiandrosterone enanthate (DHEA-E) and sold in combination with estradiol valerate under the brand name Gynodian Depot among others, is a weak androgen, estrogen, and neurosteroid medication which is used as a component of menopausal hormone therapy to treat menopausal symptoms in women. It is available only as an injectable preparation in combination with estradiol valerate. The medication is given by injection into muscle typically once every 4 weeks.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-dose estrogen therapy</span> Type of hormone therapy](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Estradiol_valerate.svg/320px-Estradiol_valerate.svg.png)
High-dose estrogen therapy (HDE) is a type of hormone therapy in which high doses of estrogens are given. When given in combination with a high dose of progestogen, it has been referred to as pseudopregnancy. It is called this because the estrogen and progestogen levels achieved are in the range of the very high levels of these hormones that occur during pregnancy. HDE and pseudopregnancy have been used in medicine for a number of hormone-dependent indications, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and endometriosis, among others. Both natural or bioidentical estrogens and synthetic estrogens have been used and both oral and parenteral routes may be used.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrogen (medication)</span> Type of medication](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Estradiol.svg/320px-Estradiol.svg.png)
An estrogen (E) is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. They can also be used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer and prostate cancer and for various other indications. Estrogens are used alone or in combination with progestogens. They are available in a wide variety of formulations and for use by many different routes of administration. Examples of estrogens include bioidentical estradiol, natural conjugated estrogens, synthetic steroidal estrogens like ethinylestradiol, and synthetic nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Estrogens are one of three types of sex hormone agonists, the others being androgens/anabolic steroids like testosterone and progestogens like progesterone.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polytestosterone phloretin phosphate</span> Androgen and anabolic steroid](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Polytestosterone_phloretin_phosphate.png/320px-Polytestosterone_phloretin_phosphate.png)
Polytestosterone phloretin phosphate (PTPP) is an androgen and anabolic steroid as well as androgen ester which was never marketed. It is an ester of testosterone with phosphoric acid that is in the form of a polymer and is coupled with phloretin. Like other androgen esters, PTPP acts as a long-lasting prodrug of testosterone in the body. However, analogously to the polymeric estrogen esters polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), polyestriol phosphate (PE3P), and polydiethylstilbestrol phosphate (PSP), PTPP has a strongly prolonged duration with very uniform testosterone levels in animals compared to non-polymeric testosterone esters. According to its developers, this is "exactly the effect which should be aimed at in order to approach natural hormone production as closely as possible". PTPP was developed around 1953 at the same time as PEP and its patent was published in 1960. The patent was assigned to the Swedish pharmaceutical company Leo Läkemedel AB, which also developed PEP.
The pharmacology of estradiol, an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone, concerns its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and various routes of administration.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pharmacokinetics of estradiol</span>](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Estradiol.svg/320px-Estradiol.svg.png)
The pharmacology of estradiol, an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone, concerns its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and various routes of administration.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyestriol phosphate</span> Chemical compound](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Polyestriol_phosphate.svg/320px-Polyestriol_phosphate.svg.png)
Polyestriol phosphate, sold under the brand names Gynäsan, Klimadurin, and Triodurin, is an estrogen medication which was previously used in menopausal hormone therapy and is no longer available.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pharmacology of cyproterone acetate</span>](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cyproterone_acetate.svg/320px-Cyproterone_acetate.svg.png)
The pharmacology of cyproterone acetate (CPA) concerns the pharmacology of the steroidal antiandrogen and progestin medication cyproterone acetate.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol benzoate/estradiol dienanthate/testosterone enanthate benzilic acid hydrazone</span> Combination drug](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Estradiol_and_testosterone_levels_after_an_intramuscular_injection_of_Climacteron_in_women.png/320px-Estradiol_and_testosterone_levels_after_an_intramuscular_injection_of_Climacteron_in_women.png)
Estradiol benzoate/estradiol dienanthate/testosterone enanthate benzilic acid hydrazone (EB/EDE/TEBH), sold under the brand names Climacteron, Lactimex, Lactostat, and Amenose, is an injectable combination medication of estradiol benzoate (EB), an estrogen, estradiol dienanthate (EDE), an estrogen, and testosterone enanthate benzilic acid hydrazone (TEBH), an androgen/anabolic steroid, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for peri- and postmenopausal women and to suppress lactation in postpartum women. Clinical studies have assessed this formulation.
The FinnProstate Group (FP), or FinnProstate Study Group, is a group of scientific researchers in Finland who have conducted a series of clinical trials of treatments for prostate cancer. The first publication by the group was in 1985 and the latest publication was in 2019.