Estropipate

Last updated
Estropipate
Estropipate.png
Estropipate molecule ball.png
Clinical data
Trade names Harmogen, Improvera, Ogen, Ortho-Est, Sulestrex, others
Other namesPiperazine estrone sulfate; Estrone sulfate piperazine salt; Pipestrone
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
Drug class Estrogen; Estrogen ester
ATC code
  • None
Identifiers
  • [(8R,9S,13S,14S)-13-Methyl-17-oxo-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate; piperazine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.027.906 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C22H32N2O5S
Molar mass 436.57 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=S(=O)(O)Oc1cc4c(cc1)[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]2CCC(=O)[C@@]2(C)CC3)CC4.N1CCNCC1
  • InChI=1S/C18H22O5S.C4H10N2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(23-24(20,21)22)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)19;1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h3,5,10,14-16H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3,(H,20,21,22);5-6H,1-4H2/t14-,15-,16+,18+;/m1./s1 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:HZEQBCVBILBTEP-ZFINNJDLSA-N Yes check.svgY
   (verify)

Estropipate, also known as piperazine estrone sulfate and sold under the brand names Harmogen, Improvera, Ogen, Ortho-Est, and Sulestrex among others, is an estrogen medication which is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. [1] [2] [3] [4] It is a salt of estrone sulfate and piperazine, and is transformed into estrone and estradiol in the body. [2] [3] It is taken by mouth. [1]

Contents

Medical uses

Estropipate is used to: [1] [ additional citation(s) needed ]

Estrogen dosages for menopausal hormone therapy
Route/formEstrogenLowStandardHigh
Oral Estradiol 0.5–1 mg/day1–2 mg/day2–4 mg/day
Estradiol valerate 0.5–1 mg/day1–2 mg/day2–4 mg/day
Estradiol acetate 0.45–0.9 mg/day0.9–1.8 mg/day1.8–3.6 mg/day
Conjugated estrogens 0.3–0.45 mg/day0.625 mg/day0.9–1.25 mg/day
Esterified estrogens 0.3–0.45 mg/day0.625 mg/day0.9–1.25 mg/day
Estropipate0.75 mg/day1.5 mg/day3 mg/day
Estriol 1–2 mg/day2–4 mg/day4–8 mg/day
Ethinylestradiol a2.5–10 μg/day5–20 μg/day–
Nasal spray Estradiol 150 μg/day300 μg/day600 μg/day
Transdermal patch Estradiol 25 μg/dayb50 μg/dayb100 μg/dayb
Transdermal gel Estradiol 0.5 mg/day1–1.5 mg/day2–3 mg/day
Vaginal Estradiol 25 μg/day––
Estriol 30 μg/day0.5 mg 2x/week0.5 mg/day
IM or SC injection Estradiol valerate ––4 mg 1x/4 weeks
Estradiol cypionate 1 mg 1x/3–4 weeks3 mg 1x/3–4 weeks5 mg 1x/3–4 weeks
Estradiol benzoate 0.5 mg 1x/week1 mg 1x/week1.5 mg 1x/week
SC implant Estradiol 25 mg 1x/6 months50 mg 1x/6 months100 mg 1x/6 months
Footnotes:a = No longer used or recommended, due to health concerns. b = As a single patch applied once or twice per week (worn for 3–4 days or 7 days), depending on the formulation. Note: Dosages are not necessarily equivalent. Sources: See template.

Available forms

Estropipate was available in the form of 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 mg oral tablets and 1.5 mg/gram vaginal cream. Estropipate is no longer available in the United States.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Estropipate is a prodrug of estrone and estradiol. Hence, it is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors.

Relative oral potencies of estrogens
Estrogen HF VE UCa FSH LH HDL-C SHBG CBG AGT Liver
Estradiol 1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0
Estrone  ? ? ?0.30.3 ? ? ? ? ?
Estriol 0.30.30.10.30.30.2 ? ? ?0.67
Estrone sulfate  ?0.90.90.8–0.90.90.50.90.5–0.71.4–1.50.56–1.7
Conjugated estrogens 1.21.52.01.1–1.31.01.53.0–3.21.3–1.55.01.3–4.5
Equilin sulfate  ? ?1.0 ? ?6.07.56.07.5 ?
Ethinylestradiol 12015040060–150100400500–600500–6003502.9–5.0
Diethylstilbestrol  ? ? ?2.9–3.4 ? ?26–2825–37205.7–7.5
Sources and footnotes
Notes: Values are ratios, with estradiol as standard (i.e., 1.0). Abbreviations:HF = Clinical relief of hot flashes. VE = Increased proliferation of vaginal epithelium. UCa = Decrease in UCa. FSH = Suppression of FSH levels. LH = Suppression of LH levels. HDL-C, SHBG, CBG, and AGT = Increase in the serum levels of these liver proteins. Liver = Ratio of liver estrogenic effects to general/systemic estrogenic effects (hot flashes/gonadotropins). Sources: See template.

Pharmacokinetics

Estropipate is hydrolyzed into estrone in the body. [5] Estrone can then be transformed into estradiol by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Chemistry

History

Estropipate was introduced for medical use by Abbott in 1968. [6] It was approved by the FDA in the United States in 1991. [7]

Society and culture

Generic names

Estropipate is the generic name of the drug and its INN, USAN, and BAN. [2] [3] [8] [5] [9]

Brand names

Estropipate was marketed under the brand names Genoral, Harmogen, Improvera, Ogen, Ortho-Est, and Sulestrex among others. [9] [2] [8] [5]

Availability

Estropipate has been discontinued in the United States. In the past, estropipate has also been marketed in Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Switzerland, Australia, South Africa, Mexico, and Indonesia. [9] [8] [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrone</span> Chemical compound

Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone. It is one of three major endogenous estrogens, the others being estradiol and estriol. Estrone, as well as the other estrogens, are synthesized from cholesterol and secreted mainly from the gonads, though they can also be formed from adrenal androgens in adipose tissue. Relative to estradiol, both estrone and estriol have far weaker activity as estrogens. Estrone can be converted into estradiol, and serves mainly as a precursor or metabolic intermediate of estradiol. It is both a precursor and metabolite of estradiol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Equilin</span> Chemical compound

Equilin is a naturally occurring estrogen sex hormone found in horses as well as a medication. It is one of the estrogens present in the estrogen mixtures known as conjugated estrogens and esterified estrogens. CEEs is the most commonly used form of estrogen in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal symptoms in the United States. Estrone sulfate is the major estrogen in CEEs while equilin sulfate is the second major estrogen in the formulation, present as about 25% of the total.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethinylestradiol</span> Estrogen medication

Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins. In the past, EE was widely used for various indications such as the treatment of menopausal symptoms, gynecological disorders, and certain hormone-sensitive cancers. It is usually taken by mouth but is also used as a patch and vaginal ring.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol acetate</span> Chemical compound

Estradiol acetate (EA), sold under the brand names Femtrace, Femring, and Menoring, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in women. It is taken by mouth once daily or given as a vaginal ring once every three months.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol valerate</span> Chemical compound

Estradiol valerate (EV), sold for use by mouth under the brand name Progynova and Primiwal E4 and for use by injection under the brand names Delestrogen and Progynon Depot among others, is an estrogen medication. It is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels, hormone therapy for transgender people, and in hormonal birth control. It is also used in the treatment of prostate cancer. The medication is taken by mouth or by injection into muscle or fat once every 1 to 4 weeks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol benzoate</span> Chemical compound

Estradiol benzoate (EB), sold under the brand name Progynon-B among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels in women, in hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. It is also used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. Estradiol benzoate is used in veterinary medicine as well. When used clinically, the medication is given by injection into muscle usually two to three times per week.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol cypionate</span> Chemical compound

Estradiol cypionate (EC), sold under the brand name Depo-Estradiol among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels in cis women, in hormone therapy for trans women, and in hormonal birth control for cis women. It is given by injection into muscle once every 1 to 4 weeks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estriol succinate</span> Chemical compound

Estriol succinate, sold under the brand name Synapause among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. It is taken by mouth, in through the vagina, and by injection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nomegestrol acetate</span> Chemical compound

Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), sold under the brand names Lutenyl and Zoely among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. It is available both alone and in combination with an estrogen. NOMAC is taken by mouth. A birth control implant for placement under the skin was also developed but ultimately was not marketed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Esterified estrogens</span> Pharmaceutical drug

Esterified estrogens (EEs), sold under the brand names Estratab and Menest among others, is an estrogen medication which is used hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women, to treat breast cancer in both women and men, and to treat prostate cancer in men. It is formulated alone or in combination with methyltestosterone. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conjugated estrogens</span> Estrogen medication

Conjugated estrogens (CEs), or conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs), sold under the brand name Premarin among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and for various other indications. It is a mixture of the sodium salts of estrogen conjugates found in horses, such as estrone sulfate and equilin sulfate. CEEs are available in the form of both natural preparations manufactured from the urine of pregnant mares and fully synthetic replications of the natural preparations. They are formulated both alone and in combination with progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate. CEEs are usually taken by mouth, but can also be given by application to the skin or vagina as a cream or by injection into a blood vessel or muscle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol pivalate</span> Chemical compound

Estradiol pivalate, also known as estradiol trimethyl acetate (E2-TMA) and sold under the brand name Estrotate, is an estrogen medication and an estrogen ester; specifically, a pivalic acid ester of estradiol. Literature sources are conflicting as to whether the ester is located at the C3 position or at the C17β position. It was marketed as an oil solution for intramuscular injection in the 1940s and 1950s. A combination of estradiol pivalate (1 mg/mL) and progesterone (10 mg/mL) in oil solution for intramuscular injection was available in 1949. An aqueous suspension of estradiol pivalate was also developed by 1950 although whether it was ever marketed is unclear.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estradiol (medication)</span> Steroidal hormone medication

Estradiol (E2) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is an estrogen and is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy and to treat low sex hormone levels in women. It is also used in hormonal birth control for women, in hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, among other uses. Estradiol can be taken by mouth, held and dissolved under the tongue, as a gel or patch that is applied to the skin, in through the vagina, by injection into muscle or fat, or through the use of an implant that is placed into fat, among other routes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrogen (medication)</span> Type of medication

An estrogen (E) is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. They can also be used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer and prostate cancer and for various other indications. Estrogens are used alone or in combination with progestogens. They are available in a wide variety of formulations and for use by many different routes of administration. Examples of estrogens include bioidentical estradiol, natural conjugated estrogens, synthetic steroidal estrogens like ethinylestradiol, and synthetic nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Estrogens are one of three types of sex hormone agonists, the others being androgens/anabolic steroids like testosterone and progestogens like progesterone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estriol (medication)</span> Chemical compound

Estriol (E3), sold under the brand name Ovestin among others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which is used in menopausal hormone therapy. It is also used in veterinary medicine as Incurin to treat urinary incontinence due to estrogen deficiency in dogs. The medication is taken by mouth in the form of tablets, as a cream that is applied to the skin, as a cream or pessary that is applied in the vagina, and by injection into muscle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrone (medication)</span> Estrogen medication

Estrone (E1), sold under the brand names Estragyn, Kestrin, and Theelin among many others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy and for other indications. It has been provided as an aqueous suspension or oil solution given by injection into muscle and as a vaginal cream applied inside of the vagina. It can also be taken by mouth as estradiol/estrone/estriol and in the form of prodrugs like estropipate and conjugated estrogens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrone sulfate (medication)</span> Chemical compound

Estrone sulfate (E1S) is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is used in menopausal hormone therapy among other indications. As the sodium salt, it is the major estrogen component of conjugated estrogens (Premarin) and esterified estrogens. In addition, E1S is used on its own as the piperazine salt estropipate. The compound also occurs as a major and important metabolite of estradiol and estrone. E1S is most commonly taken by mouth, but in the form of Premarin can also be taken by parenteral routes such as transdermal, vaginal, and injection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pharmacokinetics of estradiol</span>

The pharmacology of estradiol, an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone, concerns its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and various routes of administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyestriol phosphate</span> Chemical compound

Polyestriol phosphate, sold under the brand names Gynäsan, Klimadurin, and Triodurin, is an estrogen medication which was previously used in menopausal hormone therapy and is no longer available.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Ogen, estropipate tablets, USP" (PDF). Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 2004.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Elks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 900–. ISBN   978-1-4757-2085-3.
  3. 1 2 3 Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 114–. ISBN   978-94-011-4439-1.
  4. ↑ William Andrew Publishing (22 October 2013). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1484–. ISBN   978-0-8155-1856-3.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Sweetman SC, ed. (2009). "Sex hormones and their modulators". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (36th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. p. 2101. ISBN   978-0-85369-840-1.
  6. ↑ Budoff PW (1 August 1983). No more hot flashes, and other good news . Putnam. p.  28. ISBN   978-0-399-12793-9.
  7. ↑ P & T. CORE Medical Journals. July 1993.
  8. 1 2 3 Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 2000. pp. 408–. ISBN   978-3-88763-075-1.
  9. 1 2 3 "Estropipate". Drugs.com.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.