Demographics of Metro Vancouver

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The demographics of Metro Vancouver indicate a multicultural and multiracial region. Metro Vancouver is a metropolitan area, with its major urban centre being Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Vancouver census metropolitan area, as defined by Statistics Canada, encompasses roughly the same territory as the Metro Vancouver Regional District, a regional district in British Columbia. The regional district includes 23 local authorities. Figures provided here are for the Vancouver census metropolitan area and not for the City of Vancouver.

Population growth

The following table shows the development of the number of inhabitants according to census data of Statistics Canada. The former municipalities of Point Grey and South Vancouver are not included in the data prior to 1931. [1] [lower-alpha 1]

Population by municipality

The Metro Vancouver Regional District comprises 23 member authorities — 21 municipalities, one electoral area, and one treaty First Nation. [3]

Metro Vancouver member populations ( edit )
Member Census subdivision Population (2021)Population (2016) % change (2016–2021)2021 provincial rank
Anmore Village2,3562,210+6.6%185th
Belcarra Village687643+6.8%301st
Bowen Island Island municipality4,2563,680+15.7%118th
Burnaby City249,125232,755+7.0%3rd
Coquitlam City148,625139,284+6.7%6th
Delta City108,455102,238+6.1%10th
City of Langley City28,96325,888+11.9%30th
Township of Langley District municipality132,603117,285+13.1%8th
Lions Bay Village1,3901,334+4.2%251st
Maple Ridge City90,99082,256+10.6%15th
Metro Vancouver A Regional district electoral area18,61216,133+15.4%39th
New Westminster City78,91670,996+11.2%17th
City of North Vancouver City58,12052,898+9.9%20th
District of North Vancouver District municipality88,16885,649+2.9%16th
Pitt Meadows City19,14618,573+3.1%37th
Port Coquitlam City61,49858,612+4.9%19th
Port Moody City33,53533,551±0.0%28th
Richmond City209,937198,309+5.9%4th
Surrey City568,322517,887+9.7%2nd
Tsawwassen First Nation2,256816+176.5%191st
Vancouver City662,248631,486+4.9%1st
West Vancouver District municipality44,12242,473+3.9%23rd
White Rock City21,93919,952+10.0%33rd
Metro Vancouver 2,642,8252,463,431+7.3%–
Source: Statistics Canada [4] ; Metro Vancouver Regional District [5]

Ethnic diversity

The demographics of Metro Vancouver reveal a multi-ethnic society. There remains a small population, less than 2%, of Aboriginal peoples, who according to archeological and historical records, have inhabited this region for more than 3,000 years.[ citation needed ]

From the time of the region's first non-indigenous settlement in the second half of the 19th century, people from Britain and Ireland were the largest group of immigrants and, collectively, remain the largest ethnic grouping in Vancouver to this day. The largest non British or Irish ethnic groups situated in Vancouver include Chinese, Indians and Germans.

The metropolitan area has one of the most diverse Chinese-speaking communities with several varieties of Chinese being represented. Metro Vancouver contains the second-largest Chinatown in North America (after San Francisco's), and many multicultural neighbourhoods such as the Punjabi Market, Greektown, and Japantown. Commercial Drive, the core of the historic Little Italy, which is also the main Portuguese area, has become an alternative-culture focus, though traditional Italian and Portuguese and other establishments and residents remain in the area. Bilingual street signs can be seen in Chinatown and the Punjabi Market, and commercial signs in a wide array of languages can be seen all over the metropolitan area.

Metro Vancouver

Ethnic originPopulation (2016) [6] Percent of 2016 population (2,426,235)Population (2006) [7] Percent of 2006 population (2,097,960)
Cornish 2452250.02%
English 470,340500,34024.09%
Irish 275,355251,69512.00%
Manx 7706400.03%
Scottish 341,075337,23016.07%
Welsh 44,93541,8051.99%
British n.i.e.55,69535,5051.69%
Acadians 1,5201,2800.06%
French 147,835137,2706.54%
Inuit 6005800.03%
Métis 24,50517,1100.82%
North American Indian 52,30543,1902.06%
American 32,11527,0001.29%
Canadian 331,205278,35013.27%
Newfoundlander 6603900.02%
Nova Scotian 751200.01%
Ontarian 3520less than 0.01%
Québécois 7503500.02%
Other North American provincial or regional groups1701500.01%
Antiguan 1301050.01%
Bahamian 16050less than 0.01%
Barbadian 1,3109250.04%
Bermudan 155100less than 0.01%
Carib 6085less than 0.01%
Cuban 8706400.03%
Dominican n.o.s.5352950.01%
Grenadian 2801750.01%
Guyanese 1,2408250.04%
Haitian 6354050.02%
Jamaican 6,4554,6450.22%
Kittitian/Nevisian 9515less than 0.01%
Martinican 2040less than 0.01%
Montserratian 1520less than 0.01%
Puerto Rican 2802600.01%
St. Lucian 11580less than 0.01%
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 3,1202,1850.10%
Vincentian/Grenadinian 3251200.01%
West Indian 1,4401,2450.06%
Caribbean n.i.e.1,4856200.03%
Aboriginal from Central/South America 1,7908300.04%
Argentines 1,3607900.04%
Belizean 35160less than 0.01%
Bolivian 185190less than 0.01%
Brazilian 4,0651,1150.05%
Chilean 3,8402,9350.14%
Colombian 4,6002,1250.10%
Costa Rican 4603550.02%
Ecuadorian 7402250.01%
Guatemalan 1,9851,4050.07%
Hispanic 1,2005550.03%
Honduran 1,1207450.04%
Maya 6205750.03%
Mexican 15,1157,6800.37%
Nicaragua 1,0608600.04%
Panamanian 1951450.01%
Paraguayan 2851700.01%
Peruvian 3,1001,9100.09%
Salvadoran 5,3105,7600.27%
Uruguayan 28560less than 0.01%
Venezuelan 1,5555350.03%
Latin, Central or South American n.i.e.2,4501,2250.06%
Austrian 21,26021,5001.02%
Belgian 8,2056,5550.31%
Dutch (Netherlands) 77,63571,7103.42%
Flemish 9558150.04%
Frisian 1951550.01%
German 222,025203,7159.71%
Luxembourger 3302350.01%
Swiss 11,34010,1300.48%
Finnish 14,08512,7450.61%
Danish 23,02522,8001.09%
Icelandic 11,0559,6300.46%
Norwegian 49,33546,2602.20%
Swedish 40,69039,9201.90%
Northern European n.i.e.5,3203,8300.18%
Estonian 2,5402,5900.12%
Latvian 2,4552,1600.10%
Lithuanian 4,1553,1000.15%
Belarusian 1,8258200.04%
Czech 11,71010,3850.50%
Czechoslovak 2,5602,8100.13%
Slovak 6,3455,7000.27%
Hungarian (Magyar) 25,86023,3651.11%
Polish 70,59060,7152.89%
Romanian 17,49014,0550.67%
Russian 58,53547,9352.28%
Ukrainian 94,40081,7253.90%
Albanian 1,3306500.03%
Bosnian 2,6752,5350.12%
Bulgaria 2,9401,9600.09%
Croatian 15,67012,4750.59%
Cypriot 3452700.01%
Greek 16,08515,0250.72%
Italian 87,87576,3453.64%
Kosovar 17085less than 0.01%
Macedonian 8656000.03%
Maltese 1,1859900.05%
Montenegrin 6003700.02%
Portuguese 24,57520,3350.97%
Serbian 10,1607,6900.37%
Sicilian 2101800.01%
Slovenian 3,0502,4750.12%
Spanish 43,99036,0001.72%
Yugoslavs 3,2755,5250.26%
Basque 4754050.02%
Gypsy (Roma) 3252500.01%
Jewish 11,23021,4651.02%
misc. Slav (European) 5057600.04%
Other European n.i.e.6,4703,9750.19%
Afrikaner 3652900.01%
Akan 3025less than 0.01%
Amhara 11565less than 0.01%
Angolan 5570less than 0.01%
Ashanti 6565less than 0.01%
Bantu 2351700.01%
Black 1,4603,0050.14%
Burundian 19590less than 0.01%
Congolese (Zairian) people 67575less than 0.01%
Congolese n.o.s.40085less than 0.01%
Dinka 1525less than 0.01%
East African people 1,3906100.03%
Eritrean 9503350.02%
Ethiopian 2,0201,6250.08%
Gabonese 1010less than 0.01%
Gambian 2015less than 0.01%
Ghanaian 1,2701,100less than 0.01%
Guinean n.o.s.12595less than 0.01%
Ibo 20015less than 0.01%
Ivoirian 4515less than 0.01%
Kenyan 1,1707650.04%
Malagasay 8035less than 0.01%
Mauritian 7603250.02%
Nigerian 1,6808800.04%
Oromo 1201450.01%
Rwandan 3052250.01%
Senegalese 4520less than 0.01%
Seychellois 1520less than 0.01%
Sierra Leonean 901150.01%
Somali 2,1051,3200.06%
South African 6,4854,1200.20%
Sudanese 940705less than 0.01%
Tanzanian 4251350.01%
Tigrian 18050less than 0.01%
Togolese 8015less than 0.01%
Ugandan 5953600.02%
Yoruba 13080less than 0.01%
Zambian 12040less than 0.01%
Zimbabwean 5652300.01%
Zulu 6570less than 0.01%
African n.i.e.10,3256,4900.31%
Egyptian 3,4052,1200.10%
Iraqi 5,2051,8050.09%
Jordanian 5853000.01%
Kuwaiti 10075less than 0.01%
Lebanese 5,3206,1750.29%
Libyan 21025less than 0.01%
Algerian 6153900.02%
Berber 1851500.01%
Moroccan 1,4806350.03%
Tunisian 38070less than 0.01%
Maghrebi origins n.i.e.1701600.01%
Palestinian 2,2451,0500.05%
Saudi Arabian 5502550.01%
Syrian 2,7809250.04%
Yemeni 25575less than 0.01%
Arab n.i.e.4,6553,0750.15%
Afghan 7,5004,6200.22%
Armenian 2,8452,7000.15%
Assyrian 4503550.02%
Azeribaijani 8904050.02%
Georgian 5502400.01%
Iranian 44,35527,1551.29%
Israeli 2,0757650.04%
Kurd 1,9801,1450.05%
Pashtun 3251700.01%
Tatar 6502350.01%
Turk 5,1853,3800.16%
West Asian n.i.e.2,1351,3500.06%
Bangladeshi 1,5107850.04%
Bengali 7554150.02%
Indian 243,135181,8958.67%
Goan 3202800.01%
Gujarati 6155150.02%
Kashmiri 14570less than 0.01%
Nepali 1,1554600.02%
Pakistani 10,8256,8750.33%
Punjabi 30,67013,7350.65%
Sinhalese 5304150.02%
Sri Lankan 5,0653,7400.18%
Tamil 1,0607400.04%
South Asian n.i.e.7,2006,4950.31%
Burmese 1,9708650.04%
Cambodian 2,5101,5250.07%
Chinese 499,175402,00019.16%
Filipino 133,92583,7603.99%
Hmong 11575less than 0.01%
Indonesian 4,9353,1400.15%
Japanese 37,63030,2301.44%
Khmer 01350.01%
Korean 55,50546,0402.19%
Laotian 1,7751,0650.05%
Malaysian 4,2303,3650.16%
Mongolian 1,0006800.03%
Singaporean 8955150.02%
Taiwanese 20,3459,8100.47%
Thai 3,3301,5650.07%
Tibetan 445100Less than 0.01%
Vietnamese 34,91526,1151.24%
East or Southeast Asian n.i.e.6301,1700.06%
Asian n.o.s.1,80580less than 0.01%
Australian 8,3605,5250.26%
New Zealander 3,3402,3900.11%
Fijian 13,0858,9200.43%
Hawaiian 8656600.03%
Māori 5653750.02%
Polynesia 3452650.01%
Samoan 2451600.01%
Pacific Islander n.i.e.6802100.01%–
Note: Percentages total more than 100% due to multiple responses, e.g. German–East Indian, Norwegian–Irish–Polish


Panethnic groups in Metro Vancouver (1981–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [8] [9] 2016 [10] [11] 2011 [12] [13] 2006 [14] 2001 [15] 1996 [16] [17] [18] 1981 [17] [18] [19]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 2] [lower-alpha 3] 1,124,4751,179,1001,197,9851,182,3551,204,9701,218,1951,066,460
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 606,920557,745488,240451,790395,540318,00598,895
South Asian 369,295291,005252,405207,165164,365120,14034,820
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 198,940168,075156,315112,36585,48561,08517,270
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 87,09062,44048,87035,59027,34018,1554,525
Indigenous 63,34561,45552,37540,31036,85531,14010,850
Latin American 51,50034,80529,12522,69518,71513,8303,025
African 41,18029,83023,54520,67018,40516,4002,570
Other/multiracial [lower-alpha 7] 65,35041,78031,83525,03515,81016,99012,195
Total visible minority1,420,2751,185,6801,030,335875,310725,660564,600173,300
Total responses2,607,0152,426,2352,280,6952,097,9651,967,4801,813,9351,250,610
Total population2,642,8252,463,4312,313,3282,116,5811,986,9651,831,6651,268,183
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Visible minorities

In the city of Vancouver and four adjacent municipalities (Surrey, Burnaby, Richmond, and Coquitlam), there is no visible majority. Hence, the term visible minority is used here in contrast to the overall Canadian population which remains predominantly of European descent. In Metro Vancouver, at the 2021 census, 54.5% of the population were members of non-European ethnic groups, 43.1% were members of European ethnic groups, and 2.4% of the population identified as Indigenous.

Greater Vancouver has more interracial couples than Canada's two largest cities, Toronto and Montreal. In 2011, 9.6% of married and common-law couples in Greater Vancouver are interracial; double the Canadian average of 4.6%, [20] and higher than in the Toronto CMA (8.2%) and the Greater Montreal (5.2%). Vancouver has less residential segregation of its ethnic minorities compared to Canadian cities like Montreal. [21] However, residential segregation in Greater Vancouver continues to persist in certain parts of the metropolitan area.

Population statistics for visible minorities in Greater Vancouver
Population group 2021 [8] [9] 1981 [22] [17]
Pop. %Pop.%
Total European population 1,124,4751,066,460
Total Indigenous population63,34510,850
Visible minority group Chinese 512,26083,845
South Asian 369,29534,820
Filipino 142,12512,830
Korean 63,4653,335
West Asian 64,6452,220
Southeast Asian 56,8154,440
Latin American 51,5003,025
Japanese 31,19511,715
Black 41,1802,570
Arab 22,4452,305
Visible minority, n.i.e.14,745N/AN/A
Multiple visible minorities50,605N/AN/A
Total visible minority population1,420,275173,300 [19]
Total responses2,607,0151,250,610
Total population2,642,8251,268,183
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Municipalities

Panethnic origins by Metro Vancouver municipalities (2021 census)
MunicipalityTotal population European [lower-alpha 8] East Asian [lower-alpha 4] South Asian Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] Indigenous Latin American African Other [lower-alpha 7]
Metro Vancouver2,642,82543.13%23.28%14.17%7.63%3.34%2.43%1.98%1.58%2.51%
Vancouver662,24843.22%29.26%6.90%9.10%2.44%2.25%2.78%1.31%2.74%
Surrey568,32230.78%10.91%37.81%9.71%2.24%2.16%1.57%2.29%2.53%
Burnaby249,12530.46%38.62%9.42%8.37%3.65%1.70%2.50%2.03%3.24%
Richmond209,93718.94%57.09%7.38%8.85%1.86%0.74%1.03%0.85%3.26%
Coquitlam [23] 148,62541.51%31.45%5.02%5.2%8.19%1.98%2.27%1.45%2.92%
Langley Township [24] 132,60369.53%10.94%6.66%4.15%1.10%3.85%1.31%1.11%1.35%
Delta [25] 108,45551.71%10.29%26.09%4.12%0.83%2.96%0.96%1.02%1.99%
Maple Ridge [26] 90,99073.70%5.81%4.72%4.31%2.52%4.68%1.46%1.60%1.20%
North Vancouver (district) [27] 88,16869.11%10.27%3.18%2.90%9.04%1.81%1.44%0.54%1.72%
New Westminster [28] 78,91650.07%14.19%10.38%10.33%2.27%3.11%3.28%3.45%2.91%
Port Coquitlam [29] 61,49857.35%16.16%5.78%6.52%4.90%2.97%1.91%2.05%2.36%
North Vancouver (city) [30] 58,12061.59%9.03%3.65%7.34%11.32%2.14%2.10%0.96%1.87%
West Vancouver44,12255.77%23.03%3.24%1.77%12.24%0.98%0.99%0.43%1.54%
Port Moody33,53564.25%17.23%3.00%2.85%4.74%3.08%1.73%1.18%1.96%
Langley City28,96369.60%4.10%6.99%6.26%2.09%5.69%1.82%2.16%1.27%
Panethnic groups in Vancouver (1911–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [8] [31] 2016 [10] [32] 2011 [12] [33] 2006 [34] 2001 [35] 1996 [36] 1991 [37] [38] 1986 [39] [40] [41] : 111 1981 [42] : 127  [43] [44] 1971 [45] : 74  [46] : 129 1961 [47] : 60  [48] : 99 1931 [49] : 486&498 1911 [50] : 170&343  [lower-alpha 9]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 281,105285,295272,645268,715264,695269,535268,595295,265302,720372,320357,915223,887111,731
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 190,270186,855182,090186,725175,520152,020117,41578,20564,84535,68518,35521,3396,480
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 59,19053,58053,36043,45536,75529,09523,7858,0809,970————————
South Asian 44,85037,13035,14032,51530,65526,04023,00017,41014,1757,8701,560529843
Latin American 18,08010,9359,5958,2256,4905,6655,5304,1702,580————————
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 15,88511,5959,8607,2304,6253,8103,6102,4301,605————————
Indigenous 14,66013,90511,94511,14510,44010,96513,40010,8406,2852,995530104700
African 8,5156,3455,7205,2904,7804,9653,3551,280910785572257170
Other [lower-alpha 7] 17,82512,5709,8558,3105,6655,8306,6106,9904,9956,6105,5904779,119
Total responses650,380618,210590,205571,600539,630507,930465,300424,670408,085426,265384,522246,593129,043
Total population662,248631,486603,502578,041545,671514,008471,844431,147408,085426,265384,522246,593129,043
Panethnic groups in Surrey (1981–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [8] [51] 2016 [10] [52] 2011 [12] [53] 2006 [54] 2001 [55] 1996 [36] 1991 [37] [38] 1986 [39] [40] [41] : 109 1981 [42] : 126  [43] [44]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
South Asian 212,680168,040142,445107,81075,68049,80524,0009,0704,465
European [lower-alpha 8] 173,155198,835208,625203,815211,870210,530190,960160,190131,795
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 61,36052,02539,27029,96523,60016,8458,6502,8852,565
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 54,63544,87539,56025,79516,44010,2105,2959501,525
African 12,8709,4556,1505,0153,8102,6701,440415N/AN/A
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 12,6209,4855,6153,5952,3001,7901,015380255
Indigenous 12,17513,46010,9557,6306,8955,0707,3304,3151,855
Latin American 8,8307,0655,3403,7853,3152,1401,670790615
Other [lower-alpha 7] 14,2408,3155,3855,0501,8803,6953,0651,2903,105
Total responses562,565511,540463,340392,450345,780302,750243,425180,285146,180
Total population568,322517,887468,251394,976347,825304,477245,173181,447147,138
Panethnic groups in Burnaby (1981–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [8] [56] 2016 [10] [57] 2011 [12] [58] 2006 [59] 2001 [60] 1996 [36] 1991 [37] [38] 1986 [39] [40] [41] : 93 1981 [42] : 120  [43] [44]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 94,89589,47079,20571,43559,09045,82525,07011,4909,635
European [lower-alpha 8] 74,86079,57586,01586,56095,165104,735111,210117,070112,765
South Asian 23,15518,73517,48016,84014,96010,6957,9456,1703,880
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 20,56017,62016,85010,9157,9654,3903,0605701,385
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 8,9756,6605,9753,7003,5802,4001,2451,775770
Latin American 6,1554,6303,7652,7853,0201,8251,425890335
African 4,9853,6703,4452,4502,4802,6051,030545385
Indigenous 4,1754,1953,2953,0053,1452,5003,7452,6351,305
Other [lower-alpha 7] 7,9655,5304,2203,1701,9751,8351,6851,4903,360
Total responses245,725230,080220,255200,855191,380176,825156,415142,635133,820
Total population249,125232,755223,218202,799193,954179,209158,858145,161136,494
Panethnic groups in Richmond (2001–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [8] [61] 2016 [10] [62] 2011 [12] [63] 2006 [64] 2001 [65] [66]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 118,980109,41594,18080,24568,785
European [lower-alpha 8] 39,46545,05054,05059,33565,845
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 18,43515,53014,82011,0358,445
South Asian 15,37014,36014,51513,86012,120
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 3,8752,7152,2052,1152,030
Indigenous 1,5401,5951,9351,2751,165
Latin American 2,1551,5851,6801,2651,165
African 1,7751,2701,2451,3901,470
Other [lower-alpha 7] 6,8005,1554,6753,0402,380
Total responses208,400196,660189,305173,565163,395
Total population209,937198,309190,473174,461164,345
Panethnic groups in Coquitlam (2001–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [23] 2016 [10] [67] 2011 [12] [68] 2006 [69] 2001 [70]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 61,22065,73067,65568,12071,755
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 46,37540,40030,71526,71025,030
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 12,0809,1407,3754,8852,965
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 7,6757,2056,4154,1103,710
South Asian 7,4056,2205,2454,1853,280
Latin American 3,3452,1901,8951,5301,110
Indigenous 2,9153,0952,6101,5651,480
African 2,1351,5151,2651,0051,130
Other [lower-alpha 7] 4,3002,5901,8401,455970
Total responses147,465138,095125,015113,560111,425
Total population148,625139,284126,840114,565112,890
Panethnic groups in Langley Township (2001–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [24] 2016 [10] [71] 2011 [12] [72] 2006 [73] 2001 [74]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 91,05589,92085,84081,31078,195
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 14,3309,2556,4704,8203,000
South Asian 8,7205,1402,7651,4451,485
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 5,4353,5152,4551,475905
Indigenous 5,0454,3103,4952,4501,950
Latin American 1,7151,100650395190
African 1,4501,205470575275
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 1,44071541029560
Other [lower-alpha 7] 1,770680600280170
Total responses130,960115,835103,14093,04086,220
Total population132,603117,285104,17793,72686,896
Panethnic groups in Delta (2001–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [25] 2016 [75] 2011 [76] 2006 [77] 2001 [78]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 55,46561,83566,63068,40072,375
South Asian 27,99020,48517,03014,22012,035
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 11,0409,3207,0657,2806,675
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 4,4203,2403,1652,2802,060
Indigenous 3,1802,7102,2901,7001,495
African 1,095795595495610
Latin American 1,035815710710490
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 890515240280220
Other [lower-alpha 7] 2,1401,1201,010715420
Total responses107,270100,84598,74096,07596,370
Total population108,455102,23899,86396,72396,950
Panethnic groups in Maple Ridge (2001−2021)
Panethnic group2021 [26] 2016 [79] 2011 [80] 2006 [81] 2001 [82]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 66,23065,04063,55058,97055,795
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 5,2253,7502,8002,5451,760
South Asian 4,2452,4801,7851,6751,375
Indigenous 4,2053,8152,6951,8701,555
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 3,8702,5151,9601,365550
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 2,265900465360250
African 1,440945940695635
Latin American 1,310875480385200
Other [lower-alpha 7] 1,075660470290255
Total responses89,86080,97075,14068,16062,380
Total population90,99082,25676,05268,94963,169
Panethnic groups in North Vancouver (District) (2001–2021)
Panethnic group2021 [27] 2016 [83] 2011 [84] 2006 [85] 2001 [86]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 60,39061,77064,09562,95065,110
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 8,9758,7207,5558,2607,450
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 7,9005,7054,6803,7553,505
South Asian 2,7803,0602,2452,6052,310
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 2,5302,2502,2851,7651,165
Indigenous 1,5801,3601,080755830
Latin American 1,255780790740660
African 475470235455295
Other [lower-alpha 7] 1,505765595630355
Total responses87,38584,88083,55581,91081,675
Total population88,16885,93584,41282,56282,310
Panethnic groups in New Westminster (2001−2021)
Panethnic group2021 [28] 2016 [87] 2011 [88] 2006 [89] 2001 [90]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 39,08040,40040,22538,92038,805
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 11,0759,4657,4755,2703,850
South Asian 8,1055,7905,5004,6604,220
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 8,0656,5505,4153,6802,795
African 2,6951,7401,1551,3701,120
Latin American 2,5601,2751,155815350
Indigenous 2,4252,2952,2401,8351,590
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 1,7751,3001,315890680
Other [lower-alpha 7] 2,2751,085610405400
Total responses78,05569,90565,09057,85053,810
Total population78,91670,99665,97658,54954,656
Panethnic groups in Port Coquitlam (2001−2021)
Panethnic group2021 [29] 2016 [91] 2011 [92] 2006 [93] 2001 [94]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 34,63537,12538,07037,90038,440
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 9,7608,4207,2506,7555,635
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 3,9403,0902,3451,5951,245
South Asian 3,4902,7902,8152,4452,285
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 2,9601,7451,1551,030830
Indigenous 1,7951,9851,7909051,030
African 1,235885845550710
Latin American 1,155925955440285
Other [lower-alpha 7] 1,425940560605330
Total responses60,39057,89555,78052,23050,805
Total population61,49858,61256,34252,68751,257
Panethnic groups in North Vancouver (city) (2001−2021)
Panethnic group2021 [30] 2016 [95] 2011 [96] 2006 [97] 2001 [98]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 8] 35,42034,69532,80032,16032,960
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 6,5104,5753,6553,1553,015
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 5,1954,2603,7753,9953,255
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 4,2203,7153,4702,1501,650
South Asian 2,1001,8401,4751,340980
Indigenous 1,2301,1509709251,015
Latin American 1,210840585430470
African 550485390315315
Other [lower-alpha 7] 1,075630575385275
Total responses57,50552,18547,68544,86043,930
Total population58,12052,89848,19645,16544,303

Federal electoral districts

Panethnic origins by federal electoral districts in Metro Vancouver (2021 census)
Riding Total population European [lower-alpha 8] East Asian [lower-alpha 4] South Asian Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] Indigenous Latin American African Other [lower-alpha 7]
Langley—Aldergrove [99] 133,16869.04%10.04%8.34%3.73%1.11%3.93%1.31%1.16%1.33%
Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam [100] 132,00446.03%27.02%4.75%5.17%8.52%2.21%2.15%1.47%2.69%
Surrey Centre [101] 131,67022.19%7.45%40.04%14.46%4.17%2.82%2.27%3.5%3.12%
Cloverdale—Langley City [102] 130,66553.12%6.48%21.26%7.97%1.5%3.66%1.72%2.15%2.13%
Vancouver Centre [103] 126,99556.77%17.66%5.04%3.43%6.79%2.1%4.54%1.39%2.27%
New Westminster—Burnaby [104] 125,25340.74%20.98%11.34%11.06%3.48%2.53%2.92%3.73%3.2%
Fleetwood—Port Kells [105] 124,98722.28%17.97%34.56%14.97%2.13%1.59%1.46%1.96%3.1%
North Vancouver [106] 123,02564.42%9.69%3.46%4.95%11.04%2.2%1.77%0.66%1.81%
Surrey—Newton [107] 122,26415.05%2.97%66.73%5.85%1.97%1.63%1.24%2.3%2.25%
Burnaby South [108] 120,30525.18%43.09%10.66%9.01%3.12%1.48%2.65%1.53%3.29%
South Surrey—White Rock [109] 119,67260.08%18.65%12.09%2.69%0.84%2.12%1.02%1.14%1.37%
Vancouver East [110] 118,67551.5%22.49%3.38%8.15%1.5%5.22%2.93%1.9%2.92%
Port Moody—Coquitlam [111] 114,85352.24%23.73%5.07%5.17%4.89%2.65%2.03%1.64%2.58%
Delta [112] 110,72151.7%10.46%25.68%4.13%0.86%3.15%0.97%1.02%2.01%
Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge [113] 110,41673.24%5.92%4.82%4.51%2.47%4.76%1.47%1.48%1.32%
Vancouver Granville [114] 109,79946.17%34.77%4.6%5.16%1.81%1.62%2.22%1.12%2.52%
Vancouver South [115] 109,33918.68%38.14%17.84%16%1%1.41%2.33%1.25%3.35%
Vancouver Quadra [116] 109,32853.96%31.58%3.46%2.37%2.42%1.87%1.59%0.8%1.96%
Burnaby North—Seymour [117] 108,79449.05%29.13%4.94%4.69%3.48%2.51%2.16%1.42%2.6%
Vancouver Kingsway [118] 108,05427.58%35.53%7.29%19.4%0.99%1.73%2.69%1.31%3.46%
Richmond Centre [119] 107,70717.2%62.92%4.91%7.38%1.83%0.77%1.08%0.73%3.17%
Steveston—Richmond East [120] 102,23020.76%50.98%9.95%10.38%1.89%0.71%0.99%0.98%0.71%

Ethnic groups

Indigenous peoples

As of around 2009, 3% of residents of Vancouver state that they have at least some ancestry from the First Nations, and of that 3%, over half state that they also have non-First Nations ancestry. A person with some First Nations ancestry may not necessarily identify as someone who is First Nations. [121]

There is a small community of aboriginal people in Vancouver as well as in the surrounding metropolitan region, with the result that Vancouver constitutes the largest native community in the province, albeit an unincorporated one (i.e. not as a band government).[ citation needed ] There is an equally large or larger Métis contingent.

Indigenous peoples, who make up less than two percent of the city's population, are not considered a visible minority group by Statistics Canada.

Indigenous Population in Vancouver [122] [123]
Aboriginal group First Nations 7,8657,510
Métis 3,5953,235
Inuit 7045
Aboriginal, n.i.e.305210
Multiple Aboriginal identities100140
Total Aboriginal population11,94511,145
Total population590,210100%571,600100%

Europeans

British Isles

Much of the ethnic white population consists of persons whose origins go back to Britain or Ireland and, until recently, British Columbians with British or Irish ancestry most likely came directly from those islands, rather than via Ontario or the Maritime Provinces. Until the 1960s, it was easier to purchase the Times of London and The Guardian in Vancouver than it was to find the Toronto Globe and Mail or Montreal Gazette.

Continental Europeans

Other large and historically important European ethnic groups consist of Germans, Dutch, French (of both European and Canadian origin), Ukrainians, Scandinavians, Finns, Italians, Croats, Hungarians, Greeks, and lately numerous Romanians, Russians, Portuguese, Serbs and Poles. Non-visible minorities such as newly arrived Eastern Europeans and the new wave of Latin Americans are also a feature of the city's ethnic landscape. Prior to the Hong Kong influx of the 1980s, the largest non-British Isles ethnic group in the city was German, followed by Ukrainian and the Scandinavian ethnicities. Most of these earlier East European immigrant are fully assimilated or intermarried with other groups, although a new generation of East Europeans form a distinct linguistic and social community.

East Asians

Chinese

The first Chinese immigrants to British Columbia were men who came to "the British Colonies of Canada," as they called British Columbia, for the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858 and a decade later to work on building the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Koreans

As of 2014, there are about 70,000 ethnic Koreans in the Vancouver area. [124]

An H-Mart and several Korean restaurants are located on Robson Street. [125] As of 2008, there are many Korean national students at the university and primary/secondary levels studying English. [126] Other areas with Korean businesses include Kingsway in Vancouver, Burnaby, and New Westminster; other areas in Vancouver; North Road in Burnaby and Coquitlam, and areas of Port Coquitlam. [127] As of 2011, Coquitlam is a popular area of settlement for Koreans. [128]

Rimhak Ree (Yi Yimhak) came to Vancouver to study mathematics at the University of British Columbia in 1953, making him the first known ethnic Korean to live in the city. [129] There were about 50 ethnic Koreans in Vancouver in the mid-1960s. The first Korean United Church congregation in the city opened in 1965. Numbers of Korean immigration to Canada increased due to more permissive immigration laws established in the 1960s as well as the home country's political conflict and poverty. There were 1,670 ethnic Koreans in Vancouver by 1975, making up 16% of all ethnic Koreans in Canada and a 3000% increase from the mid-1960s population. [130] Korean immigration to Canada decreased after a more restrictive immigration law was enacted in 1978. [131]

Christianity is a popular religion among ethnic Koreans. About 200 Korean churches are in the Vancouver area. [124]

In 1986 Greater Vancouver had fewer than 5,000 ethnic Koreans. In 1991 the number had increased to 8,330. The number of ethnic Koreans in the Vancouver area increased by 69% in the period 1996 through 2001. [132] The number of university students from Korea choosing to study in Vancouver had become most of the Korean students studying in Canada by the late 1990s. [126] The first Korean grocery store in the North Road area opened in 2000. [127] In 2001 28,850 ethnic Koreans live in Greater Vancouver, and this increased to 44,825 according to the 2006 census. [132]

Canwest Global does a co-venture with the Canada Express , a Korean publication, to serve ethnic Koreans. It previously published a Korean edition of the Vancouver Sun but later stopped. Daniel Ahadi and Catherine A. Murray, authors of "Urban Mediascapes and Multicultural Flows: Assessing Vancouver's Communication Infrastructure," wrote that the Korean edition of the Vancouver Sun was "error-fraught". [133]

South Asians

Punjabis

Punjabi immigrants first arrived in Vancouver during the late 19th century. [134] Most ethnic South Asians in the Lower Mainland are Punjabi Sikhs. Surrey has the largest ethnic South Asian population in Metro Vancouver, at 32.4%. The Newton neighbourhood in Surrey contains the highest percentage of ethnic Indians in a neighbourhood in Metro Vancouver. [135]

Other Asians

Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are Vietnamese, Filipino, Cambodian and Japanese. In Vancouver the term 'Asian' is normally used to refer only to East Asian and Southeast Asian peoples, while South Asians are usually referred to as Indo-Canadian or East Indians. Technically, though, the term 'Asian' may refer to either group, and also to the large Persian and other Middle Eastern populations as well as elements from Central Asia.

Future projections

Panethnic origin projections (2041)
2041 [136] [137] [138] [139]
Population%
European [lower-alpha 8] 1,243,500
East Asian [lower-alpha 4] 1,054,000
South Asian 757,000
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 5] 385,000
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 6] 202,000
Latin American 112,000
Indigenous 105,500
African 90,000
Other/multiracial 112,000
Projected Metro Vancouver population4,061,000

Language

Knowledge of languages

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 1,000 respondents.

Knowledge of Languages in Metro Vancouver
Language 2021 [140]
Pop. %
English 2,465,855
Mandarin 292,725
Punjabi 239,205
Cantonese 233,745
French 171,640
Hindi 110,490
Tagalog 109,935
Spanish 94,555
Korean 61,165
Iranian Persian 52,290
German 35,110
Vietnamese 34,655
Japanese 31,765
Russian 29,885
Arabic 28,450
Italian 24,325
Portuguese 23,835
Min Nan 22,615
Urdu 21,970
Serbo-Croatian 17,080
Polish 13,165
Gujarati 12,615
Ilocano 9,645
Romanian 8,735
Tamil 8,440
Dutch 8,285
Dari 7,840
Turkish 7,840
Ukrainian 7,515
Greek 7,010
Indonesian 5,895
Hebrew 5,655
Bengali 5,330
Hungarian 5,250
Czech 4,785
Afrikaans 4,765
Malayalam 4,615
Wu Chinese 4,550
Cebuano 4,315
Telugu 3,940
Swahili 3,930
Kurdish 3,720
Thai 3,500
Hakka 3,385
Tigrigna 3,095
Sinhala 3,045
Malay 2,955
Marathi 2,935
Slovak 2,835
Kacchi 2,750
Hiligaynon 2,655
Amharic 2,590
Swedish 2,540
Pashto 2,445
Danish 2,255
Aramaic 2,125
Somali 1,970
Bulgarian 1,960
Finnish 1,695
Khmer language 1,690
Nepali 1,640
Albanian 1,585
Burmese 1,560
Azerbaijani 1,475
Norwegian 1,440
Kannada 1,430
Armenian 1,385
Irish 1,360
Pampangan language 1,310
Lao 1,175
Bisayan languages 1,145
Yoruba 1,130
Akan language 1,015
Total responses2,607,010
Total population2,642,825

Mother tongue

The following figures come from the 2021 census profile for Vancouver, the census metropolitan area. [141]

Population by mother tongue (Vancouver CMA)
Identified languages with 10,000+ speakersPopulation %
English 1,340,99551.2
English + non-official language117,3354.5
Mandarin 191,4757.3
Cantonese 182,9107.0
Panjabi (Punjabi) 180,3556.9
Tagalog (Filipino) 67,7902.6
Persian (incl. Dari, Farsi)54,3502.0
Korean 52,5252.0
Spanish 36,6251.5
Hindi 27,9901.0
Vietnamese 26,8501.0
French 24,7100.9
Russian 20,6850.8
Portuguese 18,1850.7
Arabic 18,1300.7
German 18,0900.7
Japanese 17,3400.7
Serbo-Croatian (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin)13,2950.5
Italian 13,2850.5
Minnan Chinese (e.g. Hokkien, Teochew)11,1950.4
Polish 10,6450.4
Urdu 10,4950.4

Notes:

Religion

Religion in Metro Vancouver (2021)

   Irreligious (47.1%)
   Christian (33.1%)
   Sikh (8.5%)
   Muslim (4.2%)
   Buddhist (2.7%)
   Hindu (2.6%)
   Jewish (0.8%)
  Other faiths (1.0%)

Vancouver, like the rest of British Columbia, has a low rate of church attendance compared with the rest of the continent and the majority of the population does not practice religion. [142] [143] As of the 2021 Canadian census, 33.1 percent of Greater Vancouver is Christian, the largest percentage of any religion. 13.7 percent are Catholic, 8.7 percent are Christians of unspecified denomination, 7.2 percent are Protestant, 1.4 percent are Christian Orthodox, and 2.2 percent are other Christian or Christian-related traditions. Greater Vancouver has a notable Sikh (8.5 percent) and Buddhist (2.7 percent) population, mostly adherents of South Asian and East Asian ancestry. [144] There is also a significant minority of Muslim residents (4.2 percent).

Religious groups in Metro Vancouver (1981−2021)
Religious group 2021 [145] 2011 [146] 2001 [147] 1991 [148] [149] 1981 [150] [151]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Irreligion 1,227,760945,405692,765493,220283,965
Christianity 863,055950,170992,115949,530899,615
Sikhism 222,160155,94599,00049,62522,390
Islam 110,64573,21552,59023,33510,885
Buddhism 70,67078,46574,55031,6458,310
Hinduism 66,53040,03027,41014,8806,865
Judaism 20,12518,73017,27014,36012,865
Indigenous spirituality 1,8651,550——————
Other 24,20517,18511,7757,5202,950
Total responses2,607,0102,280,6951,967,4801,584,1151,250,605
Total population2,642,8252,313,3281,986,9651,602,5021,268,183

Immigration

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 1,089,185 persons or 41.8 percent of the total population of Metro Vancouver. [152]

Immigrants in Metro Vancouver by country of birth (1911–2021)
Country of birth2021 [153] [152] 2016 [154] [155] 2011 [156] [157] 2006 [158] [159] 2001 [160] [161] 1996 [162] [161] 1981 [163] : 217–218 1941 [164] : 348–349 1921 [165] : 328–334  [lower-alpha 10] 1911 [166] : 378–379  [lower-alpha 11]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
China204,825188,970159,200137,245101,77072,91516,8206,06510,0606,591
India151,405125,640111,26590,09067,82553,47020,4408429401,947
Philippines109,40596,68087,94562,96046,21534,64010,620————5 [lower-alpha 12]
Hong Kong76,11571,72072,23075,77585,98586,21017,975——————
United Kingdom51,44056,53061,25563,94069,11075,41099,87583,00673,82748,200
Iran43,24535,25028,47021,61517,62010,0602,850——————
South Korea42,09036,86034,36530,99020,73012,6952,995——————
Taiwan38,67037,43040,72540,80543,75529,33016,450——————
United States27,61526,45026,24024,77523,07022,68524,84513,89115,07417,671
Vietnam27,17024,02522,93022,95022,14016,9953,870——————
Japan11,56510,67510,2958,8557,6106,5154,3353,6526,3324,541
Germany11,54513,52014,21015,68517,37017,78022,775 [lower-alpha 13] 2,018 [lower-alpha 13] 812 [lower-alpha 13] 2,231 [lower-alpha 13]
Pakistan11,1259,2207,7657,4604,8903,045695——————
Mexico10,0607,8506,5404,6503,7852,015————————
Russia9,3508,4606,8155,7703,7352,2007,080 [lower-alpha 14] 2,494 [lower-alpha 14] 779892
Poland9,21010,48010,01011,03011,55012,4457,1751,791345——
Italy9,09010,39510,99512,40513,15513,50014,8351,6971,4182,865
South Africa9,0058,2008,0308,2407,8355,7553,670296313202
Malaysia7,9757,5157,4557,5656,9756,575————————
Romania7,2357,1106,4305,6854,7953,5751,300353102116 [lower-alpha 15]
Total immigrants1,089,185989,545913,310831,265738,550633,740372,010136,921125,412100,354
Total responses2,607,0152,426,2352,280,6952,097,9651,967,4751,813,9351,250,610351,491251,731179,581
Total population2,642,8252,463,4312,313,3282,116,5811,986,9651,831,6651,268,183351,491251,731 [lower-alpha 10] 179,581 [lower-alpha 11]

Recent immigration

The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 154,820 people who immigrated to Metro Vancouver between 2016 and 2021. [152]

Recent immigrants to Metro Vancouver by country of birth (2016 to 2021) [152]
Country of birthPopulation% recent immigrants
India30,545
China28,970
Philippines15,090
South Korea6,125
Iran5,615
United States5,460
Brazil4,625
United Kingdom4,555
Syria3,380
Mexico2,460
Hong Kong2,385
Vietnam2,275
Ireland2,105
Pakistan1,850
Russia1,740
Taiwan1,650
Japan1,610
Ukraine1,585
Iraq1,435
Eritrea1,415
Total154,820

Homelessness

The 2011 Metro Vancouver Homeless Count revealed that there were at least 2,650 people found to be homeless in Metro Vancouver. [167] This particular homeless count is and continues to be conducted once every three years, taking place over a brief 24-hour period. The report published on these results stated, "It is important to note that all Homeless Counts are inherently undercounts and that the 2011 Metro Vancouver Count was no exception." [167] Nonetheless, these counts can be used as indicators to determine homelessness trends within Metro Vancouver. Between 2002 and 2005, "the count revealed that homelessness in the region nearly doubled from 1121 to 2174 persons". [168] From 2005 to 2008, the count revealed a much smaller increase in homelessness, from 2174 to 2660 persons. Thus, the count conducted in 2011 implies that the homeless population has remained relatively stable between 2008 and 2011.

Of the homeless people surveyed in 2011, "71% were sheltered in either an emergency shelter, safe house, transition house or temporary facility such as a hospital, jail or detoxification centre...while 29% slept in outdoor locations or at someone else's place". [167] 74 of the 2,650 homeless persons counted were children – those under the age of 19 – who accompanied a parent who was also homeless. Furthermore, of the homeless youth surveyed, 102 individuals were under the age of 19, 221 between the ages of 19 and 24, and 74 whose ages could not be identified, for a total of 397 homeless. Adults constituted the largest cohort of homeless in Metro Vancouver with 275 individuals between the ages of 25 and 34, 328 between the ages of 35 and 44, and 397 between the ages of 45 and 54, for a total of 1,000 homeless. Lastly, seniors – those above the age of 55 – constituted 268 homeless people. Of the 2,650 people identified in the count, ages for 985 people could not be provided.

Homelessness doesn't occur suddenly, rather it is a progression wherein an individual becomes part of the group of 'at risk' individuals, remains in this group for some time, and then, finally, becomes homeless due to economic hardships and social dislocation. [169] "Contemporary definitions split homelessness into two broad groups: 'absolute' homelessness, which refers to persons or households literally without physical shelter, and 'relative' homelessness, which includes a range of housing situations characterized as being at-risk of homelessness." [168] Indeed, being classified as at-risk of homelessness does not imply that an individual or household will become homeless in the future, only that various pre-conditions exist that may lead to this. [170] These pre-conditions include, but are not restricted to the following: people living in SROs (Single Room Occupancy), people living in rooming houses, and people paying more than 50% of their net income towards housing costs. [169] "Two-thirds of responses from homeless individuals enumerated in a recent homeless count in Greater Vancouver cited economic reasons for their being homeless – with lack of income and cost of housing accounting for 44% and 22% of responses respectively." [170]

Housing affordability has and continues to be the top priority housing issue Vancouverites must resolve. In 1996, a study published by BC Housing revealed that 25% of renter households in Vancouver pay 50% or more of their incomes to rent. [169] The core housing need model, developed by the CMHC, uses a threshold of households spending at least 30% of their income on shelter costs to illuminate households experiencing acute housing affordability needs. "Moving from the 30% shelter cost-to-income ratio (STIR) used in the core housing need model, to a 50% threshold, typically reduces the number of households identified by more than half." [168] In 2001, Statistics Canada published a study using both the 30% and 50% thresholds to identify renters and homeowners facing unaffordable housing costs in Metro Vancouver. This study revealed that 8.1% of homeowners and 27.8% of renters exceeded the 30% threshold, while 4.0% of homeowners and 10.8% of renters exceeded the 50% threshold. More in depth still, this study also found that 18.5% of immigrants living in Vancouver exceeded the 30% threshold and 8.0% exceed the 50% threshold. Only 11.3% and 4.8% of Canadian born households exceeded the 30% and 50% thresholds, respectively.

Heather Smith and David Ley found that in Canada's gateway cities, "the appreciable growth of the low-income population during the 1990s was almost entirely attributable to the growing poverty of recent immigrants". [171] They go on to state, "adult immigrants who had landed in the previous decade endured a poverty rate of...37 percent in Vancouver". [171] Immigrants, recent and old, therefore constitute a large proportion of households in Metro Vancouver considered to be at-risk of homelessness. Analysis conducted by Robert Fiedler revealed that, in 2001, "29.1% of persons in households...in Greater Vancouver are below more than one CMHC housing standard, indicating that...some households not only must spend an unsustainably high proportion of their income on shelter costs, but must also live in overcrowded and/or substandard conditions to access housing". [170] Although many new immigrants to Canada come from educated backgrounds, many having bachelor's degrees, they are paid less on average than Canadian born individuals and "Over the past 25 years, the incomes of recent immigrants to Canada have progressively declined relative to the native-born." [172]

Recently, the City of Vancouver released a new strategy targeting homelessness and affordable housing. The strategy will be enacted in 2012 and will run until 2021, with the goal of ending street homelessness completely by 2015, as well as increasing affordable housing choices for all Vancouverites. The City of Vancouver indicates that from 2002 to 2011, "homelessness has increased nearly three-fold" from approximately 628 homeless in 2002, to 1,605 homeless in 2011. [173] The strategy goes on to report that SRO rooms are increasingly being lost to conversions and rent increases even though SRO hotels constitute a majority of Vancouver's lowest income housing stock. As Robert Fiedler noted in 2006, "renters are disproportionately located in the City of Vancouver, which contains only 27.8% of the area's total population, but 40.2% of all renters". [170] Furthermore, low vacancy rates in Vancouver's market rental stock, a decreasing new supply of apartments in recent decades, and a widening gap of household incomes and housing prices are just a few challenges that must be overcome. By 2021, the City of Vancouver hopes to enable 5,000 additional social housing units, 11,000 new market rental-housing units, and 20,000 market ownership units. [173]

Notes

  1. ↑ Vancouver did not exist as such at the time of the 1871 and 1881 censuses.
  2. ↑ 2001–2016: Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  3. ↑ 2021: Statistic includes all persons belonging to the non-Indigenous and non-visible minority "White" population group.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  9. ↑ Including all subdivisions that comprise contemporary Vancouver; Vancouver City, Vancouver South, Vancouver North, Hastings Townsite, Lot 301, and Point Grey.
  10. 1 2 Combined population of the Burrard, Fraser Valley, New Westminster, Vancouver Centre and Vancouver South census divisions, which is the closest approximation to the geographical extent of the contemporary Metro Vancouver Area, per the 1921 census available data.
  11. 1 2 Combined population of the New Westminster and Vancouver City districts, which is the closest approximation to the geographical extent of the contemporary Metro Vancouver Area, per the 1911 census available data.
  12. ↑ All individuals born in the East Indies
  13. 1 2 3 4 Including Austria
  14. 1 2 All individuals born in the Soviet Union
  15. ↑ Including Bukovina and Bulgaria

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