Gaza war peace plan

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Gaza war peace plan
P20250929JB-0555 President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu hold a joint press conference.jpg
U.S. President Donald Trump (right), beside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (left), announcing the proposal
Context
DraftedSeptember 29, 2025 (2025-09-29)
SignedOctober 9, 2025 (2025-10-09)
EffectiveOctober 10, 2025 (2025-10-10)
Mediators
Parties

On September 29, 2025, United States president Donald Trump announced a new plan in a press conference at the White House alongside Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to address the ongoing Gaza war and the broader Middle Eastern crisis. The plan was negotiated with the consultation of many neighboring Arab countries and Muslim countries from around the world and constitutes a new ceasefire and release of all hostages in phase 1. Commonly referred to in news reports as Trump's 20 point plan, it is different from Trump's earlier Gaza Strip proposal, made in February 2025, and contains 20 specific points, not all of which Hamas has agreed to. [2] On September 29, Trump gave Hamas a deadline to accept the proposal by October 5, 2025, or face "all hell." [3]

Contents

After Hamas seized Gaza in 2007, repeated clashes with Israel escalated into major conflicts, culminating in Hamas carrying out the October 7 attacks in 2023, which triggered a large-scale Israeli military campaign. Attempts at ceasefires in late 2023 and early 2025 collapsed, and fighting resumed with an Israeli surprise attack in March 2025. The plan calls for an immediate ceasefire, the return of hostages, prisoner exchanges, the demilitarization of the Gaza Strip, the deployment of an international stabilization force, transitional governance by Palestinian technocrats under international supervision, large-scale reconstruction, and a conditional pathway toward acceptance of Palestinian self-determination and recognition of Palestinian statehood.

The plan was met with support from many countries around the world, including France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Turkey, Qatar, Jordan, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. [4] Before Trump's statement, a senior Hamas official said that Hamas rejected the demilitarization terms that appeared in Trump's plan. [5] [6]

On October 3, 2025, in response to the proposal, Hamas agreed to release any remaining hostages in Gaza and "hand over the administration of the Gaza Strip to a Palestinian body of independent technocrats", though it did not agree to disarm or forgo influence in Gaza. [7] [8] In response to a CNN reporter's question about what would happen if Hamas insisted on remaining in power, Trump said the group would face "complete obliteration". [9]

On October 8, Trump announced that Israel and Hamas had reached an agreement and signed the first phase of the deal. Under this phase, all living hostages are to be released in exchange for 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including 250 serving life sentences, within 72 hours and Israel will also withdraw its forces to pre-designated lines within the Gaza Strip. [10] The ceasefire went into effect on October 10. [11]

Background

Background to the Gaza war

As part of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Gaza has been occupied by Israel since 1967 along with the West Bank and East Jerusalem. The International Court of Justice has ruled the occupation of Palestinian territory is illegal under international law. [12] Following the 2005 Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip, control of the area was transferred to the Palestinian Authority. Hamas, a Palestinian nationalist Islamist political and militant group, which had previously been responsible for suicide bombings inside Israel, was elected as the Palestinian government the next year. [13] After a battle with rival Fatah in 2007, Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip. Hamas's takeover led Israel and Egypt to impose a blockade on Gaza. [14] Over the years, the two sides have engaged in several conflicts, with Hamas intensifying its rocket attacks against Israel, and Israel launching airstrikes and military operations on the Gaza Strip. [15]

In October 2023, Hamas launched the October 7 attacks infiltrating Israel from Gaza via multiple routes. The attack began with thousands of rockets fired into Israel and was followed by massacres in multiple border towns, kibbutzim and in the Nova music festival. The attack killed 1,195 people, mostly civilians. Hamas militants also took around 251 hostages and captives. [16] The assault prompted significant Israeli military retaliation, escalating into the Gaza war, which involved a large-scale invasion and bombardment of the Gaza Strip by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). According to the Gaza Health Ministry, around 67,000 people have been killed in the conflict, mostly civilians, with a significantly higher number of casualties. [17] [18] [19] Israel's conduct during the Gaza war has led to a scholarly consensus that it is committing genocide in Gaza. [a]

Two ceasefires and collapse

On November 24, 2023, after a long fighting period between Israel and Hamas, a ceasefire was achieved due to efforts of Qatar, Egypt, and the United States. At first the ceasefire was meant to last 4 days with the release of 50 Israeli hostages and 150 Palestinian prisoners, while more humanitarian aid was sent into Gaza. The ceasefire was extended twice based on further hostage releases but ultimately ended on December 1 after both sides accused each other of violations. [20] [21] [22]

On January 19, 2025, another ceasefire between Israel and Hamas began, after an agreement reached on January 15 following months of negotiation mediated once again by the U.S., Qatar, and Egypt. The ceasefire had three stages; the first stage saw the release of 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for about 1,900 Palestinian prisoners. During that time Israeli troops withdrew from populated areas in Gaza, while humanitarian aid was sent in along with displaced Palestinians returning home. The second and third stages were designed to achieve a permanent ceasefire, in which more hostages would be released by Hamas, and Israel would release more prisoners. Israel would completely withdraw its forces and Gaza would be reconstructed. [23] After completion of the agreement's first phase, Israel proposed extending the first stage. Hamas rejected this saying the ceasefire should proceed to the second phase as originally agreed. [24] On March 18, 2025, Israel launching a surprise attack on the Gaza Strip, ending the ceasefire. The United States and Israel blamed Hamas for refusing to release additional hostages while Hamas accused Israel of causing the collapse of the ceasefire. [22] [25]

February 2025 Gaza Strip proposal

This paragraph is an excerpt from Donald Trump's February 2025 Gaza Strip proposal.[ edit ]
On 4 February 2025, United States president Donald Trump declared his intent for the U.S. to take over administrative control of the Gaza Strip. The proposal was made during a ceasefire in the war between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militants. Trump expressed his vision to re-develop the territory into the "Riviera of the Middle East". [26] The plan would call for the forced displacement of approximately 2 million Palestinians to neighboring lands. [27] It would also require the removal of over 50 million tonnes of debris and unexploded ordnance. [26] When asked how the territory will be acquired, Trump claimed the U.S. will "take it". [28] The proposal received negative reception from several nations and organizations, contrasting with strong support from Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu. [29]

September 2025 proposal and subsequent statements

At the White House press conference on September 29, 2025, U.S. president Donald Trump stated that the United States would play an active role in ensuring Israel's security following a new ceasefire agreement. He emphasized that if Hamas accepted the deal, all hostages, both living and deceased, would be released almost immediately. Trump also expressed his intention to end the war and noted that he was "hearing that Hamas wants to get this done." [30]

Trump stated that Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005 in an effort to promote peace, stating, "They said, You take it. This is our contribution to peace. But that didn’t work out." [31] Trump further mentioned that during his meeting with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Netanyahu had clearly opposed the establishment of a Palestinian state and criticized other countries that had "foolishly" recognized one. He added that Israel and other nations were "beyond very close" to reaching a deal to end the war, thanking Netanyahu for his efforts. Trump reiterated that the agreement would involve Arab countries and could lead to broader peace in the Middle East. [30]

Trump called the 20-point plan an "extremely fair proposal" and urged Hamas to accept it, expressing confidence that a positive response would be forthcoming, though he affirmed Israel's right to act if Hamas rejected the deal. [30]

On October 3, 2025, Trump gave Hamas a deadline of October 5, 2025, 18:00 Washington D.C. time (22:00 GMT), to accept the proposed agreement. [32] In an interview to CNN the next day, Trump threatened Hamas, stating that if it refused to give up control of Gaza it would face "complete obliteration". [9]

Trump Nobel Peace Prize motivation

Several commenters argued that the timing of the deal was motivated by Trump's desire to win the Nobel Peace Prize. [33] [34] [35] The 2025 prize, announced on October 10, 2025, was not awarded to Trump. [36] Since January 2025, Donald Trump expressed his wish to be awarded the prize. [37] Political scientist Scott Lucas opined that Trump was "desperate" to obtain the prize because former US president Barack Obama won the 2009 prize. [38] Trump justified his qualification for the prize by claimed to have "ended seven wars". On October 9, Nina Graeger of Peace Research Institute Oslo argued that Trump had "not yet made a substantial enough contribution to peace to win the prize". She stated that it was "too early" to judge if Trump's involvement in the Gaza war would "lead to lasting peace". Graeger stated that Trump's withdrawals from international agreements, his proposed acquisition of Greenland, and his "infringements on basic democratic rights" in the US weakened his case. [37]

Outline

The plan's 20 points were outlined as follows: [39]

  1. Gaza will be a deradicalized terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to its neighbors.
  2. Gaza will be redeveloped for the benefit of the people of Gaza, who have suffered more than enough.
  3. If both sides agree to this proposal, the war will immediately end. Israeli forces will withdraw to the agreed upon line to prepare for a hostage release. During this time, all military operations, including aerial and artillery bombardment, will be suspended, and battle lines will remain frozen until conditions are met for the complete staged withdrawal.
  4. Within 72 hours of Israel publicly accepting this agreement, all hostages, alive and deceased, will be returned.
  5. Once all hostages are released, Israel will release 250 life sentence prisoners plus 1700 Gazans who were detained after October 7, 2023, including all women and children detained in that context. For every Israeli hostage whose remains are released, Israel will release the remains of 15 deceased Gazans.
  6. Once all hostages are returned, Hamas members who commit to peaceful co-existence and to decommission their weapons will be given amnesty. Members of Hamas who wish to leave Gaza will be provided safe passage to receiving countries.
  7. Upon acceptance of this agreement, full aid will be immediately sent into the Gaza Strip. At a minimum, aid quantities will be consistent with what was included in the January 19, 2025, agreement regarding humanitarian aid, including rehabilitation of infrastructure (water, electricity, sewage), rehabilitation of hospitals and bakeries, and entry of necessary equipment to remove rubble and open roads.
  8. Entry of distribution and aid in the Gaza Strip will proceed without interference from the two parties through the United Nations and its agencies, and the Red Crescent, in addition to other international institutions not associated in any manner with either party. Opening the Rafah crossing in both directions will be subject to the same mechanism implemented under the January 19, 2025, agreement.
  9. Gaza will be governed under the temporary transitional governance of a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee, responsible for delivering the day-to-day running of public services and municipalities for the people in Gaza. This committee will be made up of qualified Palestinians and international experts, with oversight and supervision by a new international transitional body, the "Board of Peace", which will be headed and chaired by President Donald J. Trump, with other members and heads of State to be announced, including former prime minister Tony Blair. This body will set the framework and handle the funding for the redevelopment of Gaza until such time as the Palestinian Authority has completed its reform program, as outlined in various proposals, including President Trump's peace plan in 2020 and the Saudi-French proposal, and can securely and effectively take back control of Gaza. This body will call on best international standards to create modern and efficient governance that serves the people of Gaza and is conducive to attracting investment.
  10. A Trump economic development plan to rebuild and energize Gaza will be created by convening a panel of experts who have helped birth some of the thriving modern miracle cities in the Middle East. Many thoughtful investment proposals and exciting development ideas have been crafted by well-meaning international groups, and will be considered to synthesize the security and governance frameworks to attract and facilitate these investments that will create jobs, opportunity, and hope for future Gaza.
  11. A special economic zone will be established with preferred tariff and access rates to be negotiated with participating countries.
  12. No one will be forced to leave Gaza, and those who wish to leave will be free to do so and free to return. We will encourage people to stay and offer them the opportunity to build a better Gaza.
  13. Hamas and other factions agree to not have any role in the governance of Gaza, directly, indirectly, or in any form. All military, terror, and offensive infrastructure, including tunnels and weapon production facilities, will be destroyed and not rebuilt. There will be a process of demilitarization of Gaza under the supervision of independent monitors, which will include placing weapons permanently beyond use through an agreed process of decommissioning, and supported by an internationally funded buy back and reintegration program all verified by the independent monitors. New Gaza will be fully committed to building a prosperous economy and to peaceful coexistence with their neighbors.
  14. A guarantee will be provided by regional partners to ensure that Hamas, and the factions, comply with their obligations and that New Gaza poses no threat to its neighbors or its people.
  15. The United States will work with Arab and international partners to develop a temporary International Stabilization Force (ISF) to immediately deploy in Gaza. The ISF will train and provide support to vetted Palestinian police forces in Gaza, and will consult with Jordan and Egypt who have extensive experience in this field. This force will be the long-term internal security solution. The ISF will work with Israel and Egypt to help secure border areas, along with newly trained Palestinian police forces. It is critical to prevent munitions from entering Gaza and to facilitate the rapid and secure flow of goods to rebuild and revitalize Gaza. A deconfliction mechanism will be agreed upon by the parties.
  16. Israel will not occupy or annex Gaza. As the ISF establishes control and stability, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) will withdraw based on standards, milestones, and timeframes linked to demilitarization that will be agreed upon between the IDF, ISF, the guarantors, and the United States, with the objective of a secure Gaza that no longer poses a threat to Israel, Egypt, or its citizens. Practically, the IDF will progressively hand over the Gaza territory it occupies to the ISF according to an agreement they will make with the transitional authority until they are withdrawn completely from Gaza, save for a security perimeter presence that will remain until Gaza is properly secure from any resurgent terror threat.
  17. In the event Hamas delays or rejects this proposal, the above, including the scaled-up aid operation, will proceed in the terror-free areas handed over from the IDF to the ISF.
  18. An interfaith dialogue process will be established based on the values of tolerance and peaceful co-existence to try and change mindsets and narratives of Palestinians and Israelis by emphasizing the benefits that can be derived from peace.
  19. While Gaza re-development advances and when the PA reform program is faithfully carried out, the conditions may finally be in place for a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood, which we recognize as the aspiration of the Palestinian people.
  20. The United States will establish a dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians to agree on a political horizon for peaceful and prosperous co-existence.

Components

Map of the Trump plan for the ending of the Gaza war Map of trump plan for gaza.jpg
Map of the Trump plan for the ending of the Gaza war

Immediate ceasefire and humanitarian actions

The plan mandates an immediate cessation of hostilities, with all military operations suspended and frontlines frozen. All Israeli hostages, alive and deceased, will be returned within 72 hours. Palestinian prisoners will be released, including 250 life sentence prisoners and 1,700 individuals arrested since the war began. For every Israeli hostage whose remains are released, Israel will release the remains of 15 deceased Gazans. [41] [42] [30]

Demilitarization and security measures

The proposed strategy includes the destruction of Hamas's offensive weaponry, such as tunnels and military infrastructure, to neutralize their capacity for further violence. The statement says that Gaza will be "a de-radicalized terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to its neighbors." It also offers amnesty to Hamas members who commit to peaceful coexistence, with safe passage provided for those opting for exile. Additionally, a temporary international stabilization force, composed of U.S., Arab, and European personnel, would be deployed to oversee security and facilitate the training of a Palestinian police force, ensuring long-term stability and peace. [41] [42] [43] [30]

Governance and reconstruction

A transitional administration, led by Palestinian technocrats and supervised by an international body, would be established to manage day-to-day governance and oversee the rehabilitation of infrastructure. Humanitarian aid would be delivered without interference, with international organizations such as the United Nations and the Red Crescent overseeing its distribution to ensure fairness and efficiency. Additionally, efforts would be made to encourage Palestinians to remain in Gaza, offering support to those choosing to stay and rebuild their communities. [39] [44]

Recognition of Palestinian statehood

The strategy includes the acknowledgment of Palestine as a state, contingent upon successful reconstruction efforts and necessary reforms within the Palestinian Authority. To pave the way for long-term peace, a dialogue would be initiated between Israel and the Palestinians to establish a political framework that promotes peaceful coexistence and mutual understanding. [41] Although the plan recognizes the Palestinian state as a possibility that is "the aspiration of the Palestinian people", it does not say that the United States would recognize Palestine as a state. [2] On September 30, 2025, Netanyahu said that a Palestinian state would not be established under Trump's plan, ruling out such a possibility. [45]

Negotiations

Phase one

On September 30, Donald Trump's proposal was forwarded to Hamas and Trump stated that the group had "three or four days" to respond to the plan. [46] Hamas has announced that they were studying the proposal "in good faith". [47]

On October 2, reports emerged that Hamas's political leadership in Qatar were open to accepting the proposed deal and asked for additional clauses for international guarantees concerning Israel's withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and the safety of its leadership. [48] [49] However, Hamas's leader in the Gaza Strip itself, Izz al-Din al-Haddad, has been reported to have objections to the proposal. [50] An investigation by the New York Times found widespread support for the plan amongst civilians in the Gaza Strip, [51] with many urging Hamas to accept the deal. [52] The Egyptian and Qatari governments continued working to convince Hamas to accept the proposal. [53]

On October 3, Trump gave Hamas a deadline of Sunday October 5, 2025, 18:00 Washington D.C. time (22:00 GMT), to accept the proposed deal. [3] Later that day, Hamas announced that they would release all Israeli hostages, living and deceased and expressed willingness to negotiate on Trump's proposed plan, though it did not agree to disarm or forgo influence in Gaza. [7] [8] Trump responded by saying that he believes that Hamas is "ready for lasting peace", and urged Israel to "immediately stop bombing Gaza" to allow for the safe release of hostages. [54] Despite Trump's request for it to stop, Israel continued its bombing up to October 5, killing 70 Palestinians, stating, in one of those strikes, that it targeted a Hamas militant who posed a threat to its forces, expressing regret for harm to uninvolved civilians, and saying it "works to mitigate harm to uninvolved civilians as much as possible". [55] [56]

On October 4, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered the armed forces to halt their offensive in Gaza City in response to Trump's demands. [57] [58] It was reported that talks between Palestinian factions, including Hamas, regarding the future governance of Gaza would take place in Cairo. [59] US Special Envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, and Jared Kushner were reported to be heading to Cairo to finalise the technical details of the hostage release and discuss the lasting peace deal. [60] Indirect talks between Israel and Hamas were planned to take place over the next few days in Egypt. [61] Later that evening, Trump posted on social media that Israel "has agreed to the initial withdrawal line" and that when Hamas confirms, a ceasefire will "be IMMEDIATELY effective". [62] [63]

On October 5, it was reported that the talks would be held in Sharm el Sheikh. The Israeli delegation would be led by Strategic Affairs Minister Ron Dermer and the Hamas delegation led by Khalil Al-Hayya. [64] Trump stated that the talks may take "a couple of days" and called for "everyone to move fast", adding "I am told that the first phase should be completed this week". [65]

On October 6, negotiators from Israel and Hamas began indirect talks in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt to discuss the release of the remaining Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoner exchange mediated by Egyptian, Qatari, Turkish and US officials. [66] [67] [1] The talks lasted for around four hours and ended on a positive note, with a road map agreed for further talks the following day. [68]

Two rounds of negotiations were held on October 7, with sources describing "progress" being made. US envoys Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff and Qatari prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani were expected[ needs update ] to join the talks on October 8. [69] A five-point agenda for further talks, covering ending the war, prisoner and hostage exchange, Israeli withdrawal, humanitarian assistance and post-war was agreed. [70]

Secretary Rubio briefing President Trump that Israel and Hamas have signed off on the peace deal; October 8, 2025. Secretary of State Marco Rubio briefing President Donald Trump on the Gaza Peace Deal.png
Secretary Rubio briefing President Trump that Israel and Hamas have signed off on the peace deal; October 8, 2025.

On October 8, Trump was handed a handwritten note from secretary of state Marco Rubio during a live television appearance stating an agreement was "very close" and that he would need to "approve a Truth social post soon so you can announce deal first". [71] [72] Shortly thereafter, reports emerged that an agreement had been reached and would be signed the following day. [73] [74] Trump subsequently confirmed that an agreement on the first phase of the deal had been approved by both sides, posting on social media that "I am very proud to announce that Israel and Hamas have both signed off on the first Phase of our Peace Plan." [71] The agreement was signed in Egypt at 12 noon local time on October 9. Hostages are expected to be freed over the weekend or early the following week, with Hamas releasing 20 living hostages in exchange for Israel's release of 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including 250 serving life sentences and 1,700 prisoners that detained since the war began. [71] [75]

Phase two

Phase two negotiations are expected to begin the day after hostages are released. [76]

Implementation

Phase one agreed timeline

Implementation Steps for President Trump's Proposal for a Comprehensive End of Gaza War Implementation Steps for President Trump's Proposal for a Comprehensive End of Gaza War.png
Implementation Steps for President Trump's Proposal for a Comprehensive End of Gaza War

The first part of the peace plan, titled the "Implementation Steps for President Trump's Proposal for a Comprehensive End of Gaza War", was signed by Israel and Hamas on 9 October 2025 in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt. [77]

The timeframe is as follows:

Phase one actions

The Israeli cabinet approved the agreement in the early hours of 10 October 2025. [78] Subsequently, the Israeli armed forces began withdrawing from parts of the Gaza Strip to agreed-upon deployment lines. [79] The withdrawal was completed at 12 noon local time on 10 October, at which point the ceasefire formally came into effect. [80] The United States began establishing a joint control centre under the leadership of Brad Cooper, head of US Central Command, to monitor the cessation of hostilities. [81] [82] [83]

On 11 October, Brad Cooper, Steve Witkoff, Jared Kushner travelled into the Gaza Strip to to verify Israel’s compliance with the first phase of the agreement. [84]

Reactions

Israel

Hostages Square in Tel Aviv, 9 October 2025, following the announcement of the impending release of Israeli hostages. Artwork says "Matan [Angrest] is coming home!" Hostages Square 09102025 11.jpg
Hostages Square in Tel Aviv, 9 October 2025, following the announcement of the impending release of Israeli hostages. Artwork says "Matan [Angrest] is coming home!"

During the initial press conference with Trump, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he supports the plan. [85]

Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich denounced the plan as "a historic missed opportunity" which will force Israel to "fight in Gaza again". [4] Leader of the Opposition Yair Lapid endorsed the plan and said "Israel should announce it is joining the discussions led by the president to finalize the details of the deal." [86]

Israeli opposition politician Benny Gantz lauded "Trump's extraordinary efforts to secure a hostage deal and safeguard Israeli security" and said the plan "must be implemented, our hostages brought home, Israel's operational freedom maintained, Hamas's terror regime in Gaza replaced, and moderate Arab States instated instead as I proposed a year and a half ago." [87]

Palestine

Flag of Palestine.svg The Palestinian Authority called Trump's efforts "sincere and determined" and said that it is committed to holding new parliamentary and presidential elections within a year of the war's end, changing school curriculum, and forming a new security force, while affirming its desire for a "modern, democratic, and non-militarized Palestinian state, committed to pluralism and the peaceful transfer of power." [88]

Palestinian factions

  • Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg Hamas: Taher al-Nounou, a senior Hamas official, said in September they were not consulted about the current proposal and, in any case, they will not accept the demilitarization offer as Israel has demanded. [5] [6] Hamas leader in Gaza, Izz al-Din al-Haddad, reportedly objected to the proposal as he is thought to believe that the plan aims to finish Hamas. Hamas's political leadership in Qatar have been reported to be open to accepting the proposal with certain amendments. [50] On October 3, 2025, Hamas issued an official response, declaring its readiness to release all hostages, to hand over the administration of the Gaza Strip to independent Palestinian technocrats and to negotiate further details. [7]
  • InfoboxPIJ.svg Palestinian Islamic Jihad: PIJ leader Ziyad al-Nakhalah called the plan an attempt by Israel to impose through the U.S. "what it could not achieve through war" and condemned "the American-Israeli declaration" as "a recipe for blowing up the region." [4] Following Hamas's agreement to the plan, the PIJ followed suit and said Hamas's response "represents the stance of the Palestinian resistance forces." [89]
  • Hand drawn PFLP logo.jpg Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine: Senior member of the PFLP, Abu Ali Hassan, stated that the plan is "a recipe for managing the war and prolonging it, not for its end." He also called the plan "a desperate attempt to separate Gaza from the Palestinian territorial entity." [90]
  • Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine: Member of the DFLP political bureau, Arkan Badr, stated that the plan is "a direct attack on the Palestinian national entity." [91]

International

Supranational

Flag of Europe.svg European Union: on 6 October 2025, High Representative Kaja Kallas announced that the European Union seeks a role in the proposed transitional authority for Gaza, stating "we feel that Europe has a great role and we should be also on board with this." [126] The European Union has two overseas operations in the Palestinian territories, the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Rafah and the European Union Mission for the Support of Palestinian Police and Rule of Law.

Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations: Secretary-General António Guterres was encouraged by Hamas's agreement with the proposal and urged all parties to "seize the opportunity to bring the tragic conflict in Gaza to an end." [127]

Individuals

Notes

References

  1. 1 2 Christou, William (October 6, 2025). "Trump urges negotiators to 'move fast' as Gaza ceasefire talks set to begin in Egypt". The Guardian . Retrieved October 6, 2025.
  2. 1 2 Hansler, Jennifer (September 29, 2025). "What's in the White House's latest peace plan to end the war in Gaza". CNN. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  3. 1 2 Armstrong, Kathryn (October 3, 2025). "Hamas says it agrees to release Israeli hostages but seeks changes to US Gaza peace plan". BBC News. Retrieved October 7, 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Global reaction to Trump's proposal for a Gaza peace plan". Reuters. September 30, 2025. Retrieved September 30, 2025.
  5. 1 2 "Live Updates: Trump and Netanyahu Meeting to Discuss Gaza Plans". The New York Times . September 29, 2025.
  6. 1 2 "Hamas denies Donald Trump presented new Gaza ceasefire deal". The Jerusalem Post. September 28, 2025. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  7. 1 2 3 "Hamas accepts Trump's plan to end the war in Gaza, but with conditions". The Washington Post . October 3, 2025.
  8. 1 2 "Hamas says "yes, but" to the Trump Gaza plan. That may not be enough". The Economist. ISSN   0013-0613 . Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  9. 1 2 Jaramillo, Alejandra (October 5, 2025). "Exclusive: Trump says Hamas faces 'complete obliteration' if it insists on staying in power | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  10. ↑ Burke, Jason (October 8, 2025). "'First phase' of ceasefire deal to end war in Gaza agreed by Israel and Hamas". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved October 9, 2025.
  11. ↑ "Israel Says Cease-Fire Has Begun, Troops Withdraw From Parts of Gaza". The Wall Street Journal . October 10, 2025.
  12. ↑ Berg, Raffi (July 19, 2024). "UN top court says Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal". BBC. Archived from the original on September 22, 2025. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  13. ↑ Weisman, Steven R. (January 30, 2006). "Rice Admits U.S. Underestimated Hamas Strength". The New York Times . Archived from the original on May 12, 2025. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  14. ↑ "Israel's disengagement from Gaza (2005)". Britannica. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  15. ↑ "A brief history of Gaza's 75 years of woe". Reuters. October 11, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  16. ↑ ""I Can't Erase All the Blood from My Mind"". Human Rights Watch. July 17, 2024. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
  17. ↑ "What is Hamas and why is it fighting with Israel in Gaza?". BBC. September 23, 2025. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  18. ↑ Burke, Jason; Christou, William; Tantesh, Seham (October 9, 2025). "Joy and anxiety as Hamas and Israel prepare to implement ceasefire deal". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved October 9, 2025.
  19. ↑ Magramo, Kathleen; Harvey, Lex; Picheta, Rob; Chowdhury, Maureen; Hammond, Elise; Sangal, Aditi (October 7, 2024). "October 7, 2024 Israel marks anniversary of Hamas attacks as Middle East war rages". CNN. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  20. ↑ Diamond, Jeremy; Krever, Mick; Kent, Lauren; Levenson, Eric (January 15, 2025). "What's in the Hamas-Israel ceasefire and hostage release deal". CNN. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  21. ↑ "Timeline: The path to the Israel-Hamas ceasefire deal in Gaza". Al Jazeera. January 19, 2025. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  22. 1 2 "Gaza ceasefire deal - the latest on the truce". BBC. March 18, 2025. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  23. ↑ Hassenstab, Nicole (January 29, 2025). "Understanding the Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Agreement". American University. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  24. ↑ "Hamas rejects Israel's 'formulation' to extend phase one of Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. March 1, 2025. Retrieved October 10, 2025.
  25. ↑ Haltiwanger, John (October 7, 2025). "Why Did Israel Restart the War in Gaza?". Foreign Policy. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  26. 1 2 Adams, Paul (February 11, 2025). "Why does Donald Trump want to take over Gaza and could he do it?". www.bbc.com . Archived from the original on February 16, 2025. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
  27. ↑ "Jordan's King rejects Trump proposal to displace Palestinians from Gaza". BBC News. February 11, 2025. Archived from the original on February 12, 2025. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
  28. ↑ Pequeño, Antonio IV (February 11, 2025). "Trump Gaza Proposal: Trump Insists U.S. Will 'Take' Gaza As Jordan's King Visits White House". Forbes. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
  29. ↑ "Netanyahu praises Trump's 'revolutionary, creative' Gaza plan". Le Monde. February 9, 2025. Archived from the original on February 14, 2025. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 "Trump's 21-point plan released". The Jerusalem Post. September 29, 2025. Retrieved September 29, 2025.
  31. ↑ "Seeking 'eternal Middle East peace': Full text of Trump, Netanyahu statements on deal to end Gaza war". The Times of Israel. September 29, 2025. ISSN   0040-7909 . Retrieved September 30, 2025. So let us not forget how we got here. Hamas was elected by the Palestinian people. Israel withdrew from Gaza thinking they would live in peace. Remember that — a long time ago, they withdrew. They said, You take it. This is our contribution to peace. But that didn't work out. That didn't work out. It was the opposite of peace.
  32. ↑ Armstrong, Kathryn. "Hamas says it agrees to release Israeli hostages but seeks changes to US Gaza peace plan". BBC. Retrieved October 7, 2025.
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