MRT Line 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overview | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Owner | Government of the Philippines Department of Transportation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line number | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locale | Metro Manila and Rizal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Termini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stations | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Rapid transit [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System | Manila MRT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Services | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depot(s) | Excelsior Villas site, Taytay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rolling stock | 5-car electric multiple units [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Daily ridership | 234,433 (est.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Planned opening | c. 2028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line length | 12.7 km (7.9 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of tracks | Double-track [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Character | Elevated railway [1] [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrification | 1,500 V DC overhead lines [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating speed | 80 km/h (50 mph) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Signalling | CBTC, [1] ATO (GoA 4) [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The Metro Rail Transit Line 4 (MRT-4) is a proposed rapid transit line that would serve the Greater Manila Area of the Philippines. The 12.7 km (7.9 mi), 10-station elevated railway would connect Ortigas Center in Metro Manila and the suburban municipality of Taytay, Rizal. It would traverse along Ortigas Avenue and Manila East Road, starting at the former's junction with EDSA in Quezon City to the west until it terminates near the New Taytay Public Market to the east. [4] [3] [5] [6]
Originally proposed as a "heavy monorail" based on the likes of Chongqing Rail Transit's Line 3, the project was revised into a conventional rail system in 2022 upon the recommendation of the project consultants commissioned by the Department of Transportation. Initially expected to cost an estimated ₱59.3 billion (US$1.1 billion), it was raised to ₱87 billion due to design changes. [7] An initial US$1 billion loan from the Asian Development Bank is expected to be signed in 2024, [2] while additional funding is being sought from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. [8] [4] [9]
The project will start at the intersection of EDSA and Ortigas Avenue in Quezon City. It will traverse the Ortigas Avenue corridor until Tikling area in Taytay, Rizal. It will then follow the Taytay Diversion Road alignment until the line ends at the Manila East Road in Taytay. The route is approximately 12.7 km (7.9 mi) long. Its depot will be located in Taytay, at the site of the cancelled Excelsior Villas development beside Club Manila East and Taytay Municipal Hall.
The line was originally planned to be 15.56 km (9.67 mi) long with 12 stations. This would have includes the proposed stations of Greenhills, Santolan, and N. Domingo, where the last station would have had an interchange with the LRT Line 2 in Quezon City. According to the project proponent, the N. Domingo to EDSA segment was dropped due to low demand. [10] A 2015 plan conceptualized the western terminus near V. Mapa while a 2019 plan conceptualized it at Gilmore station. [11] [12] [13]
Name [14] | Distance (km) | Structure type | Connections | Location | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Between stations | Total | ||||
Taytay | — | — | — | — | Taytay, Rizal |
Manila East Road | — | — | — | ||
Tikling | — | — | |||
San Juan [a 1] (future station) | — | — | Cainta, Rizal | ||
Cainta Junction | — | — | |||
St. Joseph [a 2] | — | — | |||
Rosario | — | — | Pasig | ||
Tiendesitas (future station) | — | — | |||
Meralco | — | — | |||
EDSA | — | — | Quezon City |
In 1994, the proposal's origins came when the original Line 4 was conceptualized by the Ramos administration with a study by SOFRETU, a French firm. Meanwhile, Spanish firms and Halcrow also participated in the study. [17] A year later, a French consortium led by Javlon International and Bouygues, as well as local firm Ayala Land, submitted the proposal to the government for the proposed elevated railway that would run from the Old Bilibid Prison in Santa Cruz, Manila to Batasan in Quezon City, totaling 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi), while the depot was to be located in the vicinity of the University of the Philippines Diliman campus in Quezon City, as well as the planned extension to Novaliches. [18] [19] [20] The project was approved numerous times in 1995 and first passed in 1998 with a cost of ₱16 billion in budget. It was scheduled to be done in 1999; however, the project would later be shelved when the original proposal status was eventually lost. [18] [20] [21]
As part of the Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study published by the Japan International Cooperation Agency, the proposal was also included. [22] According to the MMUTIS, the rolling stock was supposed to have 5-car light rail vehicles. [19] Meanwhile, the right-of-way for the present Line 4 can be traced to the southeast extension of the LRT Line 2, which would either be an automated guideway transit (AGT) or heavy rail line in the same fashion as the Line 2, as well as a bus rapid transit collector line towards the town of Binangonan in Rizal. However, this would utilize the Shaw Boulevard alignment due to developmental conditions at the time. [23] In the late 2010s, the proposed line was renumbered as the MRT Line 8 and the Quezon Memorial Circle–Batasan Hills segment became the MRT Line 7.
As of 2021, the Ortigas Avenue corridor has an annual average daily traffic of 185,699 vehicles. However, only 9.07 percent of daily traffic comes from public utility vehicles including taxis. An average commute from Tikling in Taytay, Rizal to Ortigas Center can take up to 3 hours during rush hour. This is the primary motivation to build a rail line in the vicinity to improve journey times between the two areas. [1]
A new LRT Line 4 project, [4] was approved by the Investment Coordination Committee (ICC) of the National Economic and Development Authority in June 2015 as a public–private partnership project, [24] with construction slated to begin in 2017 and a targeted opening date in 2021. [4] In 2017, businessman Salvador Zamora II offered a proposal with a Swiss challenge, and he said in a recent interview that he had initial talks with the Department of Transportation. [25] Also in that same year, the proposal was to tap Chinese firms to build. [26] However, the initial project was not pushed through until it was approved for a second time on December 20, 2019. [9] [27]
The contract for the architectural and engineering design of the project was signed by the Department of Transportation and Spanish design consultant IDOM Consulting Engineering, Architecture, SA on October 1, 2021. [28] Meanwhile, on March 30, 2023, the contract for the consultancy services for the operations and maintenance of the line was signed by DOTr and Australia-based Ricardo Rail. [29]
On October 12, 2022, the Department of Transportation confirmed that the Asian Development Bank (ADB) will extend a loan of US$1 billion for the project. The loan agreement, which was initially expected to be signed in 2023, [2] was delayed to 2024 due to undisclosed reasons and again to 2025. [30] [31]
Pre-construction activities such as soil testing have already begun in some areas along Ortigas Avenue. [32] Actual construction is expected to begin by the second quarter of 2024 and to be completed by 2030. Full operations shall begin by 2031. [1]
In May 2024, the House of Representatives briefing presentation on Metro Manila development has been addressing right-of-way issues for the project, including public utilities. [33]
There are five main components in the project. This includes one each for the mainline, station buildings, depot, electromechanical systems and rolling stock. [1] The presentation indicates that these contract packages are:
According to the presentation, there are planned options for contract packages for E&M, trackworks, and rolling stock.
The line is a component of the Manila East Rail Transit Project proposed by the Japanese government in February 2015 which aims to provide a medium-capacity rail transport system connecting central and eastern Metro Manila with the province of Rizal. [13] Its proposed alignment is along Ortigas Avenue with an option to extend the line to as far east as the Rizal municipality of Angono on the Manila East Road, and west to either of the following terminals:
Option 2 was the chosen alignment of the study owing to its capability to serve the most demand that can alleviate traffic the most on the Taytay-Cainta-Pasig-Mandaluyong-Manila corridor. Construction did not push through despite receiving approval by President Benigno Aquino III last September 2015. [34]
The Department of Transportation (DOTr) announced that the Philippines' first cable car system may be operational by 2028. Dubbed the Antipolo Cable Car Project, the DOTr plans to have the cable car ferry passengers from the planned Taytay station in the MRT Line 4 to Antipolo. During a Build Better More forum, DOTr Undersecretary Timothy Batan said a feasibility study will be conducted in mid-2025 to determine the project cost, passenger capacity, and other details. The bidding for the project is expected to take place in 2026, with a potential construction period of two years. If the project is awarded in 2026, the cable car system could be operational by 2028. [35] The ADB financed the pre-feasibility study, including the detailed feasibility of the project. [36]
The Antipolo Cable Car Project is intended to complement the MRT-4, providing additional connectivity for residents and economic activities in the densely populated area of Antipolo. [37]
The line will be a generally elevated mass rapid transit (MRT) railway with two tracks. [1]
Originally approved as a heavy monorail line in its MRT Line 4 iteration, the Project Description for scoping (PDS) published in September 2022 presented the possible options of constructing the line as a monorail, a light rail transit, or as a "mass rapid transit" (MRT) system. [1] Of the three options, the MRT option was strongly recommended by IDOM due to ease of maintenance and abundance of technical suppliers. In addition to this, studies conducted by IDOM also determined that the ridership demand along the San Juan-Rizal corridor was higher than expected. Because of this, the recommendation to use a MRT system was accepted by the Department of Transportation later that month. [2]
The guideway will use three different girder designs for the elevated sections: segmental box, precast concrete U-type and dapped-end girders. However, the design of the box girders will be different to that of the North–South Commuter Railway, having a more rounded U shape than that of the boxier design of the NSCR girders. [1]
The line is expected to have a headway of 4 minutes, and can be further lessened to 2 minutes with the introduction of CBTC signaling. [1]
The stations are divided into two types: the narrow-width and the standard-width stations. For both types, the platform length is consistently 120 meters (390 ft) long. These will also have three levels with one each for ground access, concourse and platforms to be built on top of center islands. The narrow width stations are 17 meters (56 ft) wide and instead of having its own ground level entries, it will utilize neighboring commercial structures to access the concourse. The standard-width types are 28 meters (92 ft) wide and will have its own dedicated ground-level entrance. [1]
EDSA station will have its own design, being 150 meters (492 ft 2 in) long and will have 2 different concourses.
The line will initially use 5-car electric multiple unit trains. The stations are also designed for an expansion to 6 cars. The car length for each train is 20 meters (65 ft 7 in) including couplers, which would mean a total length of 100 meters (328 ft 1 in) for the initial 5-car trains and 120 meters (393 ft 8 in) for the 6-car trains. A 5-car train is capable of carrying 1,000 passengers. To achieve the 4-minute headway target, up to 35 trainsets shall be ordered which corresponds to the number of rolling stock operators in the operations stage. [1] The trains will also be 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) wide.
The electrification system will be at 1,500 volts DC using overhead lines as with the LRT Line 2 and the North–South Commuter Railway.
The Project Description for Scoping (PDS) report recommends the construction of the depot at the former Excelsior Villas site in Taytay, Rizal. It is located at the Rizal end of the line near the municipal hall. Other options include a vacant lot beside SM Taytay and at the Comeco compound in Pasig. The other two sites were put as secondary alternative locations to the Excelsior site as these require additional land acquisition. The Comeco location would also need a significant realignment in the right-of-way. [1]
The depot is expected to have a 24-hour operation and will have stabling facilities, stabling track, traverser system, train storage, workshops and substation facilities.
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, commonly referred to by its acronym EDSA, is a limited-access circumferential highway around Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. It passes through 6 of Metro Manila's 17 local government units or cities, namely, from north to south, Caloocan, Quezon City, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, and Pasay.
The Metro Rail Transit Line 3, also known as the MRT Line 3, MRT-3, or Metrostar Express, is a rapid transit line in Metro Manila in the Philippines. The line runs in an orbital north to south route following the alignment of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). Despite its name, the line is more akin to a light rapid transit system owing to its tram-like rolling stock while having total grade separation and high passenger throughput. The line is officially known as the Yellow Line.
Rail transportation in the Philippines is currently used mostly to transport passengers within Metro Manila and provinces of Laguna and Quezon, as well as a commuter service in the Bicol Region. Freight transport services once operated in the country, but these services were halted. However, there are plans to restore old freight services and build new lines. From a peak of 1,100 kilometers (680 mi), the country currently has a railway footprint of 533.14 kilometers (331.28 mi), of which only 129.85 kilometers (80.69 mi) are operational as of 2024, including all the urban rail lines. World War II, natural calamities, underspending, and neglect have all contributed to the decline of the Philippine railway network. In the 2019 Global Competitiveness Report, the Philippines has the lowest efficiency score among other Asian countries in terms of efficiency of train services, receiving a score of 2.4, and ranking 86th out of 101 countries globally. The government is currently expanding the railway network up to 1,900 kilometers (1,200 mi) by 2022 through numerous projects.
Araneta Center–Cubao station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 2 (LRT-2) system in Cubao, Quezon City. It is named after the old name of Araneta City, a mixed-use development.
The Light Rail Transit Line 1, commonly referred to as LRT Line 1 or LRT-1, is a light rapid transit system line in Metro Manila, Philippines, operated by Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) and owned by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) as part of the Manila Light Rail Transit System. Originally referred to as Metrorail and the Yellow Line, LRT Line 1 was reclassified to be the Green Line in 2012. It travels in a general north–south direction from Baclaran to Monumento, and then east–west from Monumento to Fernando Poe Jr. Currently, the line consists of 20 stations and runs on 19.7 kilometers of fully elevated route. Although it has the characteristics of light rail, such as with the type of rolling stock used, it is more akin to a rapid transit system owing to its total grade separation and high passenger throughput.
The Light Rail Transit Line 2, also known as LRT Line 2,LRT-2, or Megatren, is a rapid transit line in Metro Manila in the Philippines owned and operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA). The line generally runs in an east–west direction between Recto in Manila and Antipolo. The line is officially referred to as the Purple Line.
The Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC), is a private consortium organized in June 1995. The consortium is composed of seven (7) Filipino-owned companies: Fil-Estate Management Inc, Ayala Land Inc, Ramcar Inc, Greenfield Development Corporation of Unilab, Anglo-Philippine Holdings Corporation, National Book Store Group, Allante Realty and Development Inc, and DBH Inc. The Metro Rail Transit Corporation owns the Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 running along the EDSA corridor. MRTC was the original contractor for the EDSA MRT-3 Project. It runs the MRT-3 in coordination with the Department of Transportation under a 25-year Build-Lease-Transfer contract or BLT Agreement, which will end in 2025.
Ortigas station is an elevated Metro Rail Transit (MRT) station located on the MRT Line 3 (MRT-3) system in the Mandaluyong portion of Ortigas Center. The station is named after either Ortigas Center or Ortigas Avenue, which is nearby.
The North Triangle Common Station, popularly known as the Common Station, is an under-construction rapid transit terminal and transport hub that will connect LRT Line 1, MRT Line 3, and MRT Line 7, and the nearby Metro Manila Subway. It is located in Bagong Pag-asa, Quezon City, Philippines, and is named after its location, which is at the corner of EDSA and North Avenue.
Robinsons Galleria, is a mixed-use complex and shopping mall located at EDSA (C-4) corner Ortigas Avenue in Quezon City, Metro Manila, the Philippines. The mall is owned by Robinsons Malls, and it is their flagship mall. It is the first Robinsons Mall to bear the Galleria branding and was built on January 12, 1990, with a total gross floor area of approximately 216,000 m2 (2,330,000 sq ft).
Ortigas Avenue is a 12.1 km (7.5 mi) highway running from eastern Metro Manila to western Rizal in the Philippines. It is one of the busiest highways in Metro Manila, serving as the main thoroughfare of the metro's east–west corridor, catering mainly to the traffic to and from Rizal.
Marikina–Pasig station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 2 (LRT-2) system in San Roque, Marikina, near the tripoint boundary of Pasig, Metro Manila and Cainta, Rizal. The station is situated on the stretch of Marikina–Infanta Highway near the intersection of Gil Fernando Avenue–Felix Avenue and is named after the cities of Marikina and Pasig which the station straddles between.
The Manila Metro Rail Transit System (MRTS), commonly known as the MRT, is a rapid transit system that primarily serves Metro Manila, Philippines. Along with the Manila Light Rail Transit System and the Metro Commuter Line of the Philippine National Railways, the system makes up Metro Manila's rail infrastructure.
The Metro Manila Subway, formerly known as the Mega Manila Subway (MMS) is an under-construction underground rapid transit line in Metro Manila, Philippines. The 33-kilometer (21 mi) line, which will run north–south between Valenzuela, Quezon City, Pasig, Taguig, Parañaque and Pasay, consists of 17 stations between the East Valenzuela and Bicutan stations. It will become the country's second direct airport rail link after the North–South Commuter Railway, with a branch line to Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
The Metro Rail Transit Line 7, also known as MRT Line 7 or MRT-7, is a rapid transit line under construction in the Philippines. When completed, the line will be 22.8 kilometers (14.2 mi) long, with 14 stations, and the first line to have a third rail electrification. The line runs in a northeast–southwest direction, beginning at San Jose del Monte, Bulacan up to the North Triangle Common Station in North Avenue, Quezon City.
The Southeast Metro Manila Expressway (SEMME), also known as Skyway Stage 4, C-6 Expressway and formerly as Metro Manila Expressway, is an on-hold 32.664-kilometer (20.296 mi) tolled expressway running across eastern Metro Manila and western Rizal. The expressway will help decongest the existing roadways across Metro Manila, such as EDSA and Circumferential Road 5. The expressway is part of the larger Circumferential Road 6 project. Which it's expansion from original C-6 length currently passing from General Santos Avenue in Taguig up to Highway 2000 in Taytay, will expand to Cainta, Pasig, Marikina, San Mateo, and in Quezon City.
The Metro Rail Transit Line 8, or MRT-8, also known as PNR East-West Line, is a proposed rapid transit line in the Philippines. It would be a 9-kilometer (5.6 mi) railway system connecting Sampaloc, Manila and Diliman, Quezon City via Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon Avenue, and España Boulevard.
National Route 59 (N59) is a primary national route that forms part of the Philippine highway network, running from Antipolo, Rizal to Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila.
The Araneta City Bus Port (ACBP), also styled Araneta City Busport, is a bus station in Quezon City, Metro Manila, the Philippines. The bus station is currently one of two bus terminals in the Araneta City business district that link Metro Manila with the provinces in the country, including cities in the Luzon Archipelago via the Philippine Nautical Highway System.
Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area is a major part of the transportation system in Metro Manila and its surrounding areas. The railway network, collectively known as the Greater Capital Region Railway System, consists of the Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT), Manila Metro Rail Transit System (MRT), and Philippine National Railways lines within the region.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link)