November 2023 Ohio Issue 1

Last updated

Issue 1
Flag of Ohio.svg
November 7, 2023 (2023-11-07)
Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety [1]
Results
Choice
Votes %
Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svgYes2,227,38456.78%
Light brown x.svgNo1,695,48043.22%
Total votes3,922,864100.00%
November 2023 Ohio Issue 1 results map by county.svg
2023 Ohio Issue 1 results map by congressional district.svg
Yes:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%
No:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%

The 2023 Ohio reproductive rights initiative, [2] officially titled "The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety", and listed on the ballot as Issue 1, [3] was a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment that was adopted on November 7, 2023, by a majority of 56.8% of voters. It codified reproductive rights in the Ohio Constitution, including contraception, fertility treatment, whether to continue one's own pregnancy, and miscarriage care, restoring Roe v. Wade -era access in Ohio and protecting "the right to abortion up to the point of fetal viability" while permitting restrictions after. [lower-alpha 1] [4]

Contents

In 2019 the Ohio legislature passed a near-total ban on abortion, without exceptions for the health of the mother, rape, incest, or minors. This statute became active after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization . During the time it was in place, multiple children fled the state for abortions after being raped. [5] One of these cases involved a ten-year-old girl from Columbus, Ohio who traveled to Indiana to get the procedure, generating nationwide attention and becoming a central campaign issue. [5] A state court put the ban on hold while a challenge alleging it violated the Ohio Constitution was heard. [6] Issue 1 was seen as determining whether Ohio's statute would remain; several members of the "no" campaign had called for bans on forms of birth control that prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg and in vitro fertilization if it fails. [7] [8]

The "yes" campaign drew support from Ohio medical organizations, [9] doctors, [9] economists, [10] trade unions, [11] editorial boards, [11] reproductive rights groups, [11] and several religious organizations. [12] They argued that a "yes" vote would further limited government, protect bodily autonomy and religious liberty, while preventing interference with patient-physician privacy. [8] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, alongside other professional associations of doctors, campaigned for Issue 1. [8] [13] In late August 2023, former President Donald Trump, who appointed three of the Supreme Court justices who voted to overturn Roe v. Wade, condemned six-week abortion bans, including Ohio's, as going "too far" and a "terrible thing and terrible mistake". [14] [15] Religious groups were generally divided on the issue. [lower-alpha 2] [12]

Ohio is a moderately conservative state; [17] Donald Trump easily won the state over Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election, [17] so the results of the referendum were widely expected to be a bellwether on whether there is a unified American consensus on abortion rights; voters have supported the "pro-choice" side along both bipartisan and overwhelming margins in referendums conducted since the overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022. [18] [19] Ohio's neighbor Michigan had a similar referendum a year earlier in November of 2022, and it passed by almost the exact same margin.

Although similar ballot measures had passed in blue strongholds such as California, and even blue swing states like Michigan, and abortion restrictions had been defeated in red states like Kansas and Kentucky, this was the first time since the Dobbs decision that citizens of a conservative state were asked to enshrine abortion protections into the state constitution. As such, the result of the referendum was widely seen as establishing a national consensus in favor of broad abortion rights, marking a continued trend in ballot measures since the Dobbs decision. [20] [21] Among those between 18 and 24 years old, an estimated 76% voted for Issue 1. [22] Some conservative political analysts and commentators called a continued alliance with the anti-abortion movement "untenable" and an "electoral disaster", and urged the party to adopt a more pro-choice stance on the issue. [23] Exit polling indicated that 61% of Ohioans agree that abortion should be legal in all or most cases, versus only 37% who disagree. [24]

Text

Be it Resolved by the People of the State of Ohio that Article I of the Ohio Constitution is amended to add the following Section:

Article I, Section 22. The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety

A. Every individual has a right to make and carry out one's own reproductive decisions, including but not limited to decisions on:

  1. contraception;
  2. fertility treatment;
  3. continuing one's own pregnancy;
  4. miscarriage care; and
  5. abortion

B. The State shall not, directly or indirectly, burden, penalize, prohibit, interfere with, or discriminate against either:

  1. An individual's voluntary exercise of this right or
  2. A person or entity that assists an individual exercising this right

unless the State demonstrates that it is using the least restrictive means to advance the individual's health in accordance with widely accepted and evidence-based standards of care.

However, abortion may be prohibited after fetal viability. But in no case may such an abortion be prohibited if in the professional judgment of the pregnant patient's treating physician it is necessary to protect the pregnant patient's life or health.

C. As used in this Section:

  1. "Fetal viability" means "the point in a pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the pregnant patient's treating physician, the fetus has a significant likelihood of survival outside the uterus with reasonable measures. This is determined on a case-by-case basis."
  2. "State" includes any governmental entity and any political subdivision.

D. This Section is self-executing.

Background

The number of abortion clinics in Ohio has substantially decreased. Number of abortion clinics in Ohio by year.png
The number of abortion clinics in Ohio has substantially decreased.

2022 Ohio child-rape and Indiana abortion case

In 2019 the Ohio legislature passed a near-total ban on abortion, without exceptions for the health of the mother, rape, incest, or minors.

This current statute became briefly active after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which overturned Roe v. Wade and allowed states, including Ohio, to impose unlimited limitations on abortion access. During the time it was in place, multiple children fled the state for abortions after being raped. [5] The most notable case involved a ten-year-old girl from Columbus, Ohio, who traveled to Indiana on June 30, 2022, to get an abortion because then-current statutory law in Ohio did not provide an exception those who became pregnant because of rape. Her case drew national attention and commentary from public figures, due in part to its proximity to the June 24, 2022, decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Dobbs. [6] [25] [26] [27]

Her rapist was arrested by July 13. Before this arrest was made public, Ohio politicians who oppose legal abortion access called the story a hoax; Ohio's attorney general Dave Yost said, "Every day that goes by, the more likely that this is a fabrication." [28] After news of the arrest validated the Star's story, these sources did not apologize for claiming the story was a hoax. [29] Jim Bopp, the general counsel for the National Right to Life Committee, said in an interview that the child should have been legally forced to carry the pregnancy to full term and give birth, and that "She would have had the baby, and as many women who have had babies as a result of rape, we would hope that she would understand the reason and ultimately the benefit of having the child." [30] In September 2022, shortly after Ohio's 6-week abortion ban went into effect, a woman made national news when she almost bled to death after an Ohio hospital refused to treat her miscarriage. [31] Presently, "a state court put the ban on hold again while a challenge alleging it violates the state constitution plays out". [6] [ clarification needed ]

Ballot measure submission

On February 21, 2023, Ohioans for Reproductive Freedom, the group leading support for the initiative, filed the amendment's language with the office of Ohio Attorney General, Dave Yost, [32] who certified it on March 2, sending it to the Ohio Ballot Board, [33] who further certified the proposed amendment on March 13, permitting supporters to begin collecting signatures. [4] On July 5, supporters filed 709,786 signatures, nearly 300,000 more than the minimum number required. Ohio Secretary of State, Frank LaRose, certified the petition on July 25, 2023, after certifying 495,938 valid signatures, more than the approximately 410,000 required. [34]

Attempt to change threshold

The Ohio Republican Party tried to thwart this constitutional amendment by attempting to change the rules so as to increase to 60% the threshold required for referendum passage in an August 8 special election, known as August 2023 Ohio Issue 1. The voters of Ohio rejected this change 57%–43%, keeping the threshold for passage at a simple majority. [35]

Rejected ballot challenge

On August 11, the Ohio Supreme Court unanimously rejected a lawsuit, filed by Republican former state Representative Tom Brinkman and 2022 Republican state representative candidate Jenn Giroux, that would keep the initiative off the ballot. [36] [37]

Campaign

The campaign for the initiative drew support from Ohio scientific and medical communities, [38] [39] economists, [10] trade unions, [11] editorial boards, [11] human rights, [11] and many religious organizations. They argued that the initiative would limit government, protect bodily autonomy and religious liberty, and prevent interference with personal medical decisions, including another situation similar to the aforementioned abortion case. [8] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, alongside other professional associations of physicians, campaigned for the citizen-initiated constitutional amendment. [8] "The main force behind the ballot initiative" were been physicians and other groups in medicine. [9] [ according to whom? ]

While several Ohio's Catholic dioceses condemned the measure, many Catholic voters were expected to vote for "yes", along with several dissenting groups, including Catholics for Choice. [40]

Controversies

Comments by Ohio Right to Life activist Lizzie Marbach

Lizzie Marbach Twitter
@LizzieMarbach

"King of kings" has always been a political statement. We just took that for granted in the western world and bought into the silly myth of neutrality in the public square.

August 23, 2023

Lizzie Marbach Twitter
@LizzieMarbach

The use of birth control, IVF, & other unnatural means of "family planning" has brainwashed us into believing that WE are the authors of when life begins. This belief has caused so much evil and ultimately led to the death of over 60 million babies due to abortion.

September 11, 2023

Shortly before the election there was a major rift within the Ohio Right to Life (ORTL) organization. The campaign suffered from intense infighting after comments made by Lizzie Marbach, the organization's communications director, shortly before she was fired. [41]

Marbach labeled a depiction of Our Lady of Guadalupe in a Catholic Church as "idolatry", implied that non-Christians would go to hell, and repeatedly called for an end to the separation of church and state. [41] Marbach called for restrictions or bans on birth control and in vitro fertilization. She was fired in mid-August 2023. [41] [42]

Several Catholic anti-abortion activists urged opponents of the measure to not cast a ballot, or, cast one intentionally spoiled as a protest vote in the wake of the controversy, stating that the "against" campaign was furthering anti-Catholicism. [41]

Ballot wording and misleading campaign advertisements

Proponents of the amendment initially suggested that the amendment appear in full on voters' ballots in November. However, the Ohio Ballot Board substituted its own summary wording to appear before voters. The summary, written by Ohio Secretary of State and Republican Senate candidate Frank LaRose and approved by the Ballot Board's Republican majority, received criticism for its allegedly biased language, including substituting the word "unborn child" for the medically accurate term "fetus" and omitting reference to other rights the proposed amendment would protect, including contraception, miscarriage care, and fertility treatment. Abortion rights groups sued to have the full text of the amendment presented on the ballot, but the Republican majority on the Ohio Supreme Court sided with the Ballot Board, allowing the contentious language to appear in the ballot summary. [43]

The Ballot Board's summary received criticism from medical groups as well as some voices opposed to legal abortion access, who have described it as deliberately deceiving voters to vote "no" under false pretexts. [44] National conservative columnist Jude Russo wrote that "[we] have failed to persuade the American people. Simply put: Lawyerly tricks (and tricky lawyers) are losers. Asking the commons to cede power voluntarily is a loser" [45] and that "a rush of [intentionally] badly-worded state referenda is not a program." [46] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology stated: "The language used to discuss abortion has a profound impact on how people form their opinions about reproductive health care, and the emotionally charged language that will now be presented to voters is neither clinically nor legally sound." [44]

Advertisements from the "against" campaign falsely claiming that the referendum would take away parental rights and force transgender surgery on children has received widespread criticism from legal experts who described it as misleading and baseless. [47] Constitutional law expert Jonathan Entin writes: [47]

The opponents are saying, "Well, but there's this language that says 'including but not limited to'..." But that's bogus.

and: [47]

If you drink too much alcohol, if you ingest certain drugs, if you drive too fast –all of those things could have shorter or longer term implications for your ability to reproduce... That doesn't mean that speed limits and drug laws and alcohol regulations are somehow going to be affected by this amendment if it's adopted.

Catholic anti-abortion columnist Mary Pezzulo criticized the advertisements for discussing parental rights while ignoring the anti-abortion movement's mission to "protect the lives of unborn babies". She wrote, "They're lying to get people to vote against Issue One." [48]

Endorsements

Yes
U.S. Executive Branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
Statewide officials
  • Marc Dann, 47th Attorney General of Ohio (2007–2008) (Democrat) [54]
State Senators
State House members
  • Willis Blackshear Jr., state representative from the 38th district (2021–present) (Democrat) [56]
  • Jeffrey Crossman, former state representative from the 15th district (2019–2022) and Democratic nominee in the 2022 Ohio Attorney General election (Democrat) [54]
  • Michele Grim, state representative from the 43rd district (2023–present) (Democrat) [57]
  • Darrell Opfer, former state representative from the 53rd district (1993–1999) (Democrat) [58]
  • Allison Russo, Minority Leader of the Ohio House of Representatives (2022–present) and state representative from the 7th district (2023–present) and the 24th district (2019–2022) (Democrat) [59]
  • Anita Somani, state representative from the 11th district (2023–present) (Democrat) [60]
  • Casey Weinstein, state representative from the 34th district (2019–present) (Democrat) [61]
Local officials
Individuals
Organizations
Newspapers
No
U.S. Executive Branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
Statewide officials
  • Ken Blackwell, 48th Secretary of State of Ohio (1999–2007) and 43rd Treasurer of Ohio (1994–1999) (Republican) [82]
  • Mike DeWine, 70th Governor of Ohio (2019–present), 50th Attorney General of Ohio (2011–2019), former U.S. Senator from Ohio (1995–2007), 59th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1991–1994), and former U.S. Representative from OH-7 (1983–1991) (Republican) [81]
  • Keith Faber, 33rd Auditor of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican) [81]
  • Jon Husted, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (2019–present) and 50th Secretary of State of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican) [81]
  • Frank LaRose, 51st Secretary of State of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican) [83]
  • Dave Yost, 51st Attorney General of Ohio (2019–present) and 32nd Auditor of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican) [81]
State Senators
State House members
  • Adam Bird, state representative from the 63rd district (2023–present) and the 66th district (2021–2022) (Republican) [61]
  • Gary Click, state representative from the 88th district (2021–present) (Republican) [87]
  • Jim Hoops, state representative from the 81st district (2018–present; 1999–2006) (Republican) [88]
  • Melanie Miller, state representative from the 67th district (2023–present) (Republican) [85]
  • Bill Seitz, Majority Leader of the Ohio House of Representatives (2017–present), state representative from the 30th district (2017–present; 2001–2007), and former state senator from the 8th district (2007–2016) (Republican) [89]
  • Jason Stephens, 106th Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives (2023–present) and state representative from the 93rd district (2019–present) (Republican) [90]
Local officials
  • Peggy Lehner, Mayor of Kettering, former state senator from the 6th district (2011–2020; 2008) and former state representative from the 37th district (2009–2011) (Republican) [91]
Individuals
Organizations
Newspapers
Declined to endorse
Newspapers

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size [lower-alpha 3] 		Margin
of error		ForAgainstUndecided
Data for Progress October 31–November 2, 2023582 (LV)± 4%57%40%3%
Ohio Northern University October 16–19, 2023668 (RV)± 3.8%60%40%-
Baldwin Wallace University Community Research Institute October 9–11, 2023569 (RV)± 4.5%58%34%8%
Fallon Research & Communications, Inc. August 22–25, 2023501 (RV)± 4.37%55%35%10%
Ohio Northern University July 17–26, 2023675 (LV)± 3.7%54%30%16%
USA Today/Suffolk University July 9–12, 2023500 (LV)± 4.4%58%32%10%
Scripps News/YouGov June 20–22, 2023500 (LV)± 5.95%58%23%20%
Baldwin Wallace University Community Research Institute September 30–October 3, 2022856 (RV)± 2.8%59%27%14%
  1. ↑ The referendum would allow an abortion ban after fetal viability, with the narrow exceptions of "the pregnant patient’s life or health".
  2. ↑ Several Catholic dioceses in Ohio have also opposed the referendum. However, along with several dissenting Catholic organizations, many Catholic voters are expected to support Issue 1. [16]
  3. ↑ Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear

Financial contributions

Primary Campaign Committees [102]
CommitteePositionContributionsExpenditures
Ohioans United for Reproductive RightsSupport$39,200,000$26,200,000
Protect Women OhioOppose$27,000,000$24,300,000
Major Donors to Registered Committees [102] [103] [ failed verification ]
DonorsPositionContributions
The Concord Fund/Judicial Crisis Network Oppose$25,000,000
Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America Oppose$12,500,000
Protect Women Ohio Action Fund IncOppose$9,700,000
Sixteen Thirty Fund Support$5,500,000
Ohioans for Reproductive Freedom PAC [103] [ failed verification ]Support$8,500,000
Open Society Policy Center Support$3,500,000
Catholic Dioceses of Ohio Oppose$2,200,000
American Civil Liberties Union Support$2,200,000
Fairness Project Support$2,400,000
Lynn Schusterman Support$1,500,000
Planned Parenthood Action FundSupport$1,500,000
Knights of Columbus Oppose$1,000,000
Michael Bloomberg Support$1,000,000
Gwendolyn Sontheim Meyer Support$1,000,000
Abigail WexnerSupport$1,000,000

    Results by county

    Breakdown of voting by county [1]
    CountyYesVotesNoVotes
    Adams 31.6%2,44368.4%5,287
    Allen 35.4%10,97864.6%20,029
    Ashland 42.0%7,65558.0%10,573
    Ashtabula 54.5%16,56945.5%13,841
    Athens 72.6%13,51527.4%5,112
    Auglaize 26.6%4,68873.4%12,915
    Belmont 40.5%7,64559.5%11,252
    Brown 36.1%4,85263.9%8,578
    Butler 50.8%59,15049.2%57,305
    Carroll 39.3%3,63060.7%5,609
    Champaign 41.4%5,60158.6%7,936
    Clark 50.6%20,87049.4%20,373
    Clermont 48.3%36,20851.7%38,753
    Clinton 40.1%5,35059.9%7,995
    Columbiana 43.9%14,13256.1%18,040
    Coshocton 47.4%5,22852.6%5,813
    Crawford 40.0%5,18460.0%7,761
    Cuyahoga 74.4%295,40625.6%101,555
    Darke 27.6%5,01672.4%13,146
    Defiance 38.9%4,96661.1%7,810
    Delaware 59.3%57,11640.7%39,195
    Erie 57.1%16,08542.9%12,093
    Fairfield 51.4%28,41048.6%26,818
    Fayette 40.7%3,30359.3%4,814
    Franklin 72.9%308,37927.1%114,637
    Fulton 38.6%5,93561.4%9,424
    Gallia 31.6%2,37368.4%5,139
    Geauga 54.7%22,32745.3%18,503
    Greene 49.3%30,63550.7%31,507
    Guernsey 46.8%5,28853.2%6,005
    Hamilton 65.1%186,17534.9%99,819
    Hancock 40.3%10,55259.7%15,621
    Hardin 41.3%3,40858.7%4,843
    Harrison 38.0%1,74162.0%2,839
    Henry 35.6%3,50764.4%6,347
    Highland 33.7%4,00566.3%7,880
    Hocking 47.8%4,28752.2%4,674
    Holmes 24.6%2,15675.4%6,599
    Huron 44.1%7,92255.9%10,055
    Jackson 37.6%3,11762.4%5,178
    Jefferson 40.7%8,09059.3%11,808
    Knox 42.1%9,38457.9%12,898
    Lake 60.5%54,33739.5%35,504
    Lawrence 33.9%5,64766.1%11,002
    Licking 50.9%31,81549.1%30,748
    Logan 37.4%5,82462.6%9,736
    Lorain 62.6%69,09737.4%41,315
    Lucas 63.9%76,19736.1%43,012
    Madison 46.8%6,48753.2%7,364
    Mahoning 56.3%42,60443.7%33,015
    Marion 49.5%9,32550.5%9,519
    Medina 55.2%41,00644.8%33,242
    Meigs 36.1%2,36663.9%4,179
    Mercer 21.5%3,79678.5%13,850
    Miami 39.6%15,93260.4%24,258
    Monroe 32.6%1,35567.4%2,797
    Montgomery 59.3%100,47540.7%69,021
    Morgan 42.3%1,93357.7%2,641
    Morrow 39.9%5,20960.1%7,860
    Muskingum 46.2%11,62053.8%13,522
    Noble 36.1%1,49463.9%2,646
    Ottawa 52.9%9,06147.1%8,056
    Paulding 28.9%1,82471.1%4,480
    Perry 42.0%4,75958.0%6,560
    Pickaway 44.8%8,49055.2%10,461
    Pike 39.2%2,95760.8%4,594
    Portage 60.9%35,14739.1%22,547
    Preble 37.0%5,22663.0%8,913
    Putnam 16.8%2,43083.2%12,051
    Richland 42.6%17,12457.4%23,050
    Ross 48.4%10,37251.6%11,068
    Sandusky 45.4%9,27054.6%11,142
    Scioto 36.7%6,56663.3%11,321
    Seneca 40.2%7,17959.8%10,692
    Shelby 24.3%4,27475.7%13,316
    Stark 53.3%67,94946.7%59,629
    Summit 65.5%126,53134.5%66,755
    Trumbull 57.4%37,09342.6%27,495
    Tuscarawas 46.3%13,21953.7%15,319
    Union 51.0%13,20949.0%12,706
    Van Wert 29.0%2,80971.0%6,864
    Vinton 37.6%1,28362.4%2,127
    Warren 47.5%43,46352.5%47,963
    Washington 40.6%8,02259.4%11,715
    Wayne 42.4%15,91157.6%21,589
    Williams 36.9%4,48163.1%7,658
    Wood 55.2%25,92944.8%21,037
    Wyandot 38.7%3,00661.3%4,762

    Reaction

    Within a day of the close of polling, Ohio's top Republican leaders, who preside over majorities, suggested that action would be taken against the new abortion rights granted by Issue 1. [104] Ohio Republican House Speaker Jason Stephens said that Issue 1 is "not the end of the conversation" because there are "multiple paths that we will explore to continue to protect innocent life." A spokesperson for Ohio Senate President Matt Huffman reacted to the result: "This isn't the end. It is really just the beginning of a revolving door of ballot campaigns to repeal or replace Issue 1". [105]

    Two days after the result, Ohio State Representatives Jennifer Gross, Bill Dean, Melanie Miller, and Beth Lear, all Republicans, released a statement calling Issue 1 "deceptive", declaring that "Ohio legislators will consider removing jurisdiction from the judiciary over this ambiguous ballot initiative" so that only Ohio legislators can "consider what, if any, modifications to make to existing laws", instead of Ohio courts. [106]

    Rick Santorum, a Republican and former U.S. Senator, commented on the result of Issue 1 and a simultaneous Ohio voter ballot measure successfully legalising recreational marijuana: "You put very sexy things like abortion and marijuana on the ballot, and a lot of young people come out and vote. It was a secret sauce for disaster in Ohio … pure democracies are not the way to run a country." [107] [108] Conservative commentator Sean Hannity urged Republicans to adopt a "safe, legal, and rare" framework on abortion. [23]

    According to Jessie Hill, professor and associate dean at Case Western Reserve University School of Law, the only way the Issue 1 amendment could be challenged is if there were a change to federal law regarding abortion or if another Ohio constitutional amendment restricting abortion was passed, which would mean another election that over 50% of Ohio voters would need to approve. [109]

    On December 15, 2023, The Ohio Supreme Court dismissed the state of Ohio's challenge to a lower court ruling from Hamilton County which stayed Ohio's 6-week abortion ban. In March 2023, the Ohio Supreme Court agreed to review the matter following a challenge from the state. However, following the passage of Issue 1, the Ohio Supreme Court dismissed the matter citing a change in the law. [110]

    Voter demographics

    Ohio Issue 1 vote by demographic subgroup
    Demographic subgroup [111] YesNo % of
    total vote
    Total vote56.643.4100
    Age
    18–29 years old772312
    30–44 years old683223
    45–64 years old534735
    65+ years old455530
    Party ID
    Democrat92832
    Republican188235
    Independent643633
    Ideology
    Liberal94634
    Moderate693130
    Conservative138736
    Marital Status
    Married514961
    Unmarried673339
    Married With Children?
    Yes564423
    No574377
    Race
    White534785
    Black831710
    Latino73273
    AsianN/AN/A1
    OtherN/AN/A1
    Gender
    Male534747
    Female604053
    Area Type
    Urban703040
    Suburban524843
    Rural406018
    Abortion Should Be
    Legal In All Cases96428
    Legal In Most Cases831733
    Illegal In Most Cases69425
    Illegal In All Cases39712
    White Born-Again or Evangelical Christian
    Yes247630
    No712970
    Parents
    Men With Children534714
    Women With Children623816
    Men Without Children544633
    Women Without Children594137
    Education
    Never Attended College425818
    Some College604023
    Associate's Degree544614
    Bachelor's Degree584225
    Advanced Degree683219
    Union Household
    Yes584230
    No574370
    Feelings About Roe Being Overturned
    Enthusiastic79318
    Satisfied217918
    Dissatisfied683222
    Angry93738
    2020 Presidential Vote
    Biden92845
    Trump198143
    Another Candidate65355
    Did Not Vote71294
    Biden Approval
    Strongly Approve94615
    Somewhat Approve91924
    Somewhat Disapprove722813
    Strongly Disapprove237746

    See also

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2005 United States elections</span>

    The 2005 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 8. During this off-year election, the only seats up for election in the United States Congress were special elections held throughout the year. None of these congressional seats changed party hands. There were also two gubernatorial races, state legislative elections in two states, numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races in several major cities, and a variety of local offices on the ballot.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 United States elections</span>

    The 2006 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 7, 2006, in the middle of Republican President George W. Bush's second term. In a political revolution that broke twelve years of Republican rule, the Democratic Party was swept into majorities in Congress, the governorships, and state legislatures across the country. This marked the first and only time either party achieved such a feat since the 1994 elections. These elections were widely categorized as a Democratic wave.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Abortion law in the United States by state</span> Termination of pregnancy in states of the United States

    The legality of abortion in the United States and the various restrictions imposed on the procedure vary significantly depending on the laws of each state or other jurisdiction. Some states prohibit abortion at all stages of pregnancy with few exceptions, others permit it up to a certain point in a woman's pregnancy, while others allow abortion throughout a woman's pregnancy. In states where abortion is legal, several classes of restrictions on the procedure may exist, such as parental consent or notification laws, requirements that patients be shown an ultrasound before obtaining an abortion, mandatory waiting periods, and counseling requirements.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Neil Parrott</span> American politician (born 1970)

    Neil Conrad Parrott is an American politician who previously represented District 2A as a Republican member of the Maryland House of Delegates. He ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in Maryland's 6th congressional district in 2020 and 2022, losing both times to incumbent Democrat David Trone. He is currently running for the 6th district for a third time.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank LaRose</span> Ohio Secretary of State (born 1979)

    Frank LaRose is an American politician who has served as the 51st Secretary of State of Ohio since January 2019. He was a Republican member of the Ohio State Senate for two terms, from January 2011 to January 2019. He was a Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in the 2024 election, challenging incumbent Senator Sherrod Brown. He lost to Bernie Moreno in the primary.

    Bill Dean is an American politician serving as the state representative for the 74th District of the Ohio House of Representatives. He is a Republican. The district includes Madison County as well as portions of Clark County and Greene County.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 United States elections</span> Elections for the 118th United States Congress and other offices

    The 2022 United States elections were held on November 8, 2022, with the exception of absentee balloting. During this U.S. midterm election, which occurred during the term of incumbent president Joe Biden of the Democratic Party, all 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate were contested to determine the 118th United States Congress. Thirty-nine state and territorial U.S. gubernatorial elections, as well as numerous state and local elections, were also contested. This was the first election affected by the 2022 U.S. redistricting that followed the 2020 U.S. census. The Republican Party ended unified Democratic control of congress and the presidency by winning a majority in the House of Representatives while the Democrats expanded their Senate majority.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 United States elections</span> U.S. political contexts

    The 2024 United States elections are scheduled to be held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024. During this presidential election year, the president and vice president will be elected. In addition, all 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested to determine the membership of the 119th United States Congress. Thirteen state and territorial governorships and numerous other state and local elections will also be contested.

    Abortion in Ohio is only permitted in the first six weeks of pregnancy. After six weeks, abortion is prohibited, even in cases of rape or incest. In November 2023, a constitutional amendment was approved by a majority of voters that enshrined access to abortion in the Ohio Constitution. Despite the constitutional amendment, the Republican leaders of Ohio have defended the six-week abortion ban in courts.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Kansas gubernatorial election</span> Election for the governorship of the U.S. state of Kansas

    The 2022 Kansas gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the governor of Kansas, with primary elections taking place on August 2, 2022. Governor Laura Kelly ran for re-election to a second term, facing Republican State Attorney General Derek Schmidt in the general election.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 United States elections</span>

    The 2023 United States elections were held, in large part, on Tuesday, November 7, 2023. The off-year election included gubernatorial and state legislative elections in a few states, as well as numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local offices on the ballot. At least three special elections to the United States Congress were scheduled as either deaths or vacancies arose. The Democratic Party retained control of the governorship in Kentucky, flipped the Wisconsin Supreme Court and held a seat on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, gained six seats in the New Jersey General Assembly, and won back unified control of the Virginia General Assembly, while Republicans also flipped the governorship in Louisiana and narrowly retained Mississippi's governorship. The election cycle also saw Ohio voting to enshrine abortion rights in the state constitution and legalize cannabis for recreational use. The results were widely seen as a success for the Democratic Party.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Ohio Issue 2</span> Ballot initiative for legalization of cannabis

    The Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol initiative, listed on the ballot as Issue 2, is a ballot initiative for legalization of cannabis in the U.S. state of Ohio that was passed by voters on November 7, 2023.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Michigan elections</span>

    The 2022 Michigan elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022 throughout Michigan. The Democratic Party made historic gains, taking full control of state government for the first time since 1983. Democrats won control of the Michigan House of Representatives for the first time since 2008, and the Michigan Senate for the first time since 1984. Additionally, incumbent Democratic governor Gretchen Whitmer won reelection by a comfortable margin, with Democrats sweeping every statewide office. Furthermore, the Democrats maintained control of seven seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, while the Republican Party took a net loss of one seat. The elections in Michigan were widely characterized as a "blue wave".

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Kansas abortion referendum</span> Abortion ballot measure

    The 2022 Kansas abortion referendum was a rejected legislatively referred constitutional amendment to the Kansas Constitution that appeared on the ballot on August 2, 2022, alongside primary elections for statewide offices, with early voting from July 13. If enacted, the amendment would have declared that the Kansas Constitution does not guarantee a right to abortion, given the Kansas state government power to prosecute individuals involved in abortions, and further declared that the Kansas government is not required to fund abortions.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 California Proposition 1</span> Abortion and contraception proposition

    Proposition 1, titled Constitutional Right to Reproductive Freedom and initially known as Senate Constitutional Amendment 10 (SCA 10), was a California ballot proposition and state constitutional amendment that was voted on in the 2022 general election on November 8. Passing with more than two-thirds of the vote, the proposition amended the Constitution of California to explicitly grant the right to an abortion and contraceptives, making California among the first states in the nation to codify the right. The decision to propose the codification of abortion rights in the state constitution was precipitated in May 2022 by Politico's publishing of a leaked draft opinion showing the United States Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. The decision reversed judicial precedent that previously held that the United States constitution protected the right to an abortion.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Michigan Proposal 3</span> Abortion and contraception initiative

    2022 Michigan Proposal 3, the Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative, also known as Reproductive Freedom for All, was a citizen-initiated proposed constitutional amendment in the state of Michigan, which was voted on as part of the 2022 Michigan elections. The amendment, which passed, codified reproductive rights, including access to abortion, in the Constitution of Michigan.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">August 2023 Ohio Issue 1</span> 2023 ballot measure in Ohio

    A special election was held in the U.S. state of Ohio on August 8, 2023, on a referendum to make it substantially harder for voter-led initiatives to amend the Ohio State Constitution to be proposed and approved.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1992 Maryland Question 6</span> 1992 ballot initiative

    Question 6 was a voter referendum to allow voters to approve or reject a law passed by the Maryland General Assembly in 1991 to codify the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade. The referendum was approved by 61.7% of voters on November 3, 1992.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Maryland abortion referendum</span> 2024 ballot initiative

    The 2024 Maryland abortion referendum is a voter referendum to amend the Constitution of Maryland in order to codify the right to reproductive care in Maryland.

    Florida Amendment 4 is a proposed amendment to the Florida Constitution that will be subject to a referendum in November 2024. The amendment would establish a constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability. A 60% supermajority vote is required for the amendment to be approved.

    References

    1. 1 2 "2023 Official Election Results". Ohio Secretary of State. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
    2. ↑ Tebben, Susan (August 24, 2023). "Split ballot board approves reproductive rights amendment summary written by Ohio Sec. of State". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
    3. ↑ Smith, Julie Carr (August 24, 2023). "Backers blast approved ballot language for Ohio's fall abortion amendment as misleading". Associated Press . Retrieved August 29, 2023.
    4. 1 2 Walsh, Maeve (March 13, 2023). "Abortion rights amendment certified by Ohio Ballot Board". WCMH-TV . Retrieved July 23, 2023.
    5. 1 2 3 Sherman, Carter (September 27, 2023). "Ohio supreme court battle over six-week abortion ban begins". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved October 1, 2023.
    6. 1 2 3 Burnett, Sara; Fernando, Christine (August 9, 2023). "Ohio vote shows enduring power of abortion rights at ballot box, giving Democrats a path in 2024". ABC News. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
    7. ↑ Balmert, Jessie (September 24, 2023). "Why Ohio abortion opponents aren't banning abortion before Issue 1 vote". Cincinnati Enquirer . Retrieved September 25, 2023.
    8. 1 2 3 4 5 Bazelon, Emily (September 12, 2023). "The Surprising Places Where Abortion Rights Are on the Ballot, and Winning". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved September 13, 2023.
    9. 1 2 3 Weiner, Stacy; Ziegler, Mary (September 21, 2023). "Abortion in America: From Roe to Dobbs and beyond". AAMC. Retrieved September 23, 2023. In Ohio, the main force behind the ballot initiative was physicians who said we are not willing to practice medicine under this regime and we think voters support us.
    10. 1 2 Schladen, Marty (August 29, 2023). "Economists: Abortion protections will lead to better outcomes for Ohio women". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
    11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wines, Michael (August 8, 2023). "What's at Stake in Ohio's Referendum on Amending the State Constitution". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved September 11, 2023.
    12. 1 2 Walsh, Maeve (July 17, 2023). "Ohio religious groups divided on abortion, Issue 1". WCMH-TV . Retrieved September 23, 2023.
    13. ↑ Jaramillo, Cassandra (July 31, 2023). "Doctors Emerge as Political Force in Battle Over Abortion Laws in Ohio and Elsewhere". ProPublica. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
    14. ↑ Editorial Board (September 17, 2023). "Trump's Terrible Abortion Comments". National Review. Retrieved October 25, 2023. Florida, Ohio, Georgia, and Iowa all have the sort of pro-life laws that Trump is now condemning.
    15. ↑ Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie (September 17, 2023). "'A Terrible Mistake': Trump Criticizes DeSantis on Abortion Ban". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    16. ↑ Horn, Dan (September 15, 2023). "Catholic Church gave $900K to fight Ohio's abortion rights amendment". The Cincinnati Enquirer . Archived from the original on September 18, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
    17. 1 2 Lerer, Lisa; Goldmacher, Shane (November 4, 2023). "Will Abortion Dominate the 2024 Elections? Tuesday Will Offer Clues". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    18. ↑ "Ohio's abortion rights ballot measure could provide insights into 2024 elections". PBS NewsHour. November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    19. ↑ Bazelon, Emily (September 12, 2023). "The Surprising Places Where Abortion Rights Are on the Ballot, and Winning". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    20. ↑ Knowles, Hannah (November 7, 2023). "Abortion rights advocates win major victories in Ohio, Kentucky". The Washington Post . Retrieved November 8, 2023.
    21. ↑ "Abortion rights win big in 2023 off-year elections". Axios . November 7, 2023.
    22. ↑ "Exit polls for Ohio ballot measure election results 2023 | CNN Politics". CNN. November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
    23. 1 2 Luciano, Michael (November 8, 2023). "Hannity Resigns Himself to Abortion Rights Victory in Ohio: 'If We're Really Gonna Be Honest About This…'". Mediaite. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
    24. ↑ Filer, Christine; Langer, Gary; De Jong, Allison (November 7, 2023). "Ohio voters broadly support abortion access, early exit poll of ballot measure shows". ABC News. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
    25. ↑ Hauser, Christine (July 5, 2023). "Man Gets Life Sentence in Rape of Child Who Traveled for Abortion". The New York Times . Retrieved August 9, 2023.
    26. ↑ Bruner, Bethany; Trombly, Monroe; Cook, Tony (July 13, 2022). "Arrest made in rape of Ohio girl that led to Indiana abortion drawing international attention" . The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
    27. ↑ Bushard, Brian (July 22, 2022). "Ohio Man Indicted For Raping 9-Year-Old Who Was Forced To Travel To Indiana For Abortion". Forbes. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
    28. ↑ Bischoff, Laura (July 14, 2022). "Ohio AG Dave Yost cast doubt on 10-year-old rape victim case, now 'rejoices' at arrest". USA Today . Retrieved July 16, 2022.
    29. ↑ Robertson, Katie (July 14, 2022). "Facts Were Sparse on an Abortion Case. But That Didn't Stop the Attacks". The New York Times . Retrieved July 16, 2022.
    30. ↑ Messerly, Megan; Wren, Adam (July 14, 2022). "National Right to Life official: 10-year-old should have had baby". Politico . Retrieved July 16, 2022.
    31. ↑ Simmons-Duffin, Selena (November 15, 2022). "Her miscarriage left her bleeding profusely. An Ohio ER sent her home to wait". NPR. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
    32. ↑ Staver, Anna; Balmert, Jessie (February 21, 2023). "Abortion in Ohio: What does proposed constitutional amendment say?". The Cincinnati Enquirer . Retrieved July 23, 2023.
    33. ↑ Donaldson, Sarah (March 2, 2023). "Petition for proposed abortion rights amendment gets certified by Ohio attorney general". WCMH-TV . Retrieved July 23, 2023.
    34. ↑ Burlij, Terence; Forrest, Jack (July 25, 2023). "Abortion rights amendment qualifies for November ballot in Ohio | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
    35. ↑ Raman, Sandhya (August 9, 2023). "Ohio voters reject push to hinder abortion rights amendment". Roll Call. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
    36. ↑ Pelzer, Jeremy (August 11, 2023). "Ohio's GOP-controlled Supreme Court rejects legal challenge to proposed abortion-rights amendment". cleveland.com . Retrieved August 12, 2023.
    37. ↑ Wildow, Samantha (August 11, 2023). "Ohio Supreme Court denies challenge to abortion amendment, clearing way for November vote". Dayton Daily News . Retrieved August 12, 2023.
    38. ↑ Miller, Hayley E.; Fraz, Farsam; Zhang, Jiaqi; Henkel, Andrea; Leonard, Stephanie A.; Maskatia, Shiraz A.; El-Sayed, Yasser Y.; Blumenfeld, Yair J. (September 1, 2023). "Abortion Bans and Resource Utilization for Congenital Heart Disease: A Decision Analysis". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 142 (3): 652–659. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005291. ISSN   1873-233X. PMID   37535962.
    39. ↑ Smith, Wesley J. (August 21, 2023). "Medical Journal Opposes Abortion Restrictions in the Name of Containing Health-Care Costs". National Review. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
    40. ↑ Wonnell, Gabrielle. "Catholic: 'Abortion stigma' is real in the church. Forced pregnancy is worse". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
    41. 1 2 3 4 Tobias, Andrew (August 22, 2023). "What Ohio Right to Life's firing of a top staffer shows about the challenges facing the anti-abortion movement: Analysis". The Plain Dealer . Retrieved August 23, 2023.
    42. ↑ Kaplan, Josh (August 16, 2023). "Jewish congressmen attack former Trump staffer over controversial Jesus tweet". The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved August 23, 2023.
    43. ↑ "Ohio Supreme Court approves abortion rights amendment Ballot Board summary for voters with one tweak". Ohio Capitol Journal. September 20, 2023.
    44. 1 2 Meegan, Molly (August 29, 2023). "ACOG Condemns the Politically Charged Language in the Ohio Ballot Initiative Summary". The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . Retrieved September 14, 2023.
    45. ↑ Russo, Jude (August 11, 2023). "Why the Pro-Life Movement Is Losing". The American Conservative. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
    46. ↑ Russo, Jude (September 7, 2023). "This Year's Abortion Numbers Are a Wake-Up Call". The American Conservative. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
    47. 1 2 3 Trau, Morgan (April 10, 2023). "Fact Check: Ohio abortion amendment says nothing about transgender or parental rights, contrary to ad's claims". News 5 Cleveland WEWS. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
    48. ↑ Pezzulo, Mary (September 13, 2023). "Ohio's Abortion Amendment: Why is the Pro-life Movement Lying?". Steel Magnificat. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
    49. ↑ Hancock, Laura (October 19, 2023). "Barack Obama tells Ohioans to vote 'yes' on Issue 1, the abortion amendment". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
    50. 1 2 Tebben, Susan (August 10, 2023). "Local, national groups praise Issue 1 defeat, buckle up for November fight". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    51. ↑ "Both sides weigh in on Ohio Issue 1". WBNS-TV. October 23, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
    52. 1 2 Gaynor, Gerren Keith (August 9, 2023). "Ohio vote on Issue 1 continues to signal abortion as winning issue for Democrats". TheGrio. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    53. 1 2 3 Ollstein, Alice Miranda; Fernandez, Madison (October 29, 2023). "Abortion referendum offers Ohio Democrats a playbook for '24". Politico. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    54. 1 2 Dann, Marc; Crossman, Jeffrey A. (October 25, 2023). "Former Ohio AG and AG candidate issue rebuttal to Issue 1 legal analysis put out by current AG". The Athans Messenger. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
    55. ↑ Hicks-Hudson, Paula. "VOTE YES ON ISSUE 1". The Ohio Senate. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    56. ↑ Blackshear Jr., Willis (November 3, 2023). "VOICES: We can vote to restore our freedoms by voting Yes on Issue 1". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    57. ↑ Grim, Michele (October 24, 2023). "To the editor: State Rep. Grim backs Issues 1 & 2". The Blade. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
    58. ↑ Opfer, Darrell (November 2, 2023). "To the editor: Confused about Ohio state Issue 1?". The Blade. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    59. ↑ Hainkel, Kristen (October 3, 2023). "Ohio House Minority Leader Russo visits Marietta". The Marietta Times. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
    60. ↑ Somani, Anita (November 5, 2023). "VOICES: Ohio voters deserve facts on Issue 1". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    61. 1 2 Fahmy, Natalie (August 9, 2023). "Ohio lawmakers react to Issue 1 election results". WCMH-TV. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    62. ↑ Houmard, Celeste (October 18, 2023). "Cleveland mayor speaks to Fox 8 News, endorses Issue 1". FOX 8. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
    63. 1 2 Tobias, Andrew J. (September 3, 2023). "The Catholic Church will campaign against Ohio's abortion-rights amendment. What about the separation of church and state?". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
    64. 1 2 3 4 Associated Press and Spectrum News staff (October 27, 2023). "Abortion rights supporters far outraise opponents and rake in out-of-state money in Ohio election". Spectrum News. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
    65. ↑ Shillcock, George (October 30, 2023). "Sherrod Brown takes stance on Issue 2 while JD Vance remains silent ahead of Election Day". WOSU. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    66. ↑ Timmaraju, Mini (November 5, 2023). "Ohio voters finally get a chance to overturn dangerous abortion ban". Salon. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    67. 1 2 Balmert, Jessie (March 13, 2023). "Abortion rights advocates get green light to collect signatures for 2023 ballot measure". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    68. ↑ "INTRODUCING OHIOANS FOR REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM, A COHORT TO SECURE EXPLICIT ABORTION ACCESS IN THE STATE CONSTITUTION". ACLU Ohio. December 12, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    69. ↑ "A win for voting rights & abortion access in Ohio". Bend the Arc. August 9, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    70. 1 2 Quinn, Melissa (August 9, 2023). "After Ohio Issue 1's defeat, focus turns to abortion rights amendment on November ballot". CBS News. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
    71. ↑ Amos, Madelyn (April 5, 2023). "Protect Choice Ohio Coalition Pushes for Ballot Initiative on Abortion". Feminist Majority Foundation. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    72. ↑ "FFRF's Ohio billboard defends abortion rights". Freedom From Religion Foundation. August 22, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    73. ↑ Farley, Philena I. (October 23, 2023). "Ohio Green Party Newsletter Highlights – October 2023". Ohio Green Party. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
    74. ↑ HRC staff (August 15, 2023). "Human Rights Campaign Endorses Ohio Ballot Initiative to Secure Abortion as a Legal Right in Ohio". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
    75. ↑ Ware, Hannah (August 9, 2023). "Ohio Voters Reject Issue 1". NASW Ohio Chapter. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    76. ↑ "Planned Parenthood Advocates of Ohio is a proud member of Ohioans United for Reproductive Rights". Planned Parenthood. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    77. ↑ Dispatch Editorial Board (October 26, 2023). "Issue 1 opponents want Ohio to have the most extreme abortion ban in US. Don't let them". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    78. ↑ Editorial Board (November 3, 2023). "Vote to Protect Abortion Rights, Legalize Marijuana, Prevent Gerrymandering". The Oberlin Review. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    79. ↑ Oldfield, Steve (May 10, 2023). "Pence joins latest Ohio fight against abortion access". Spectrum News. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    80. ↑ Thies, Breccan F. (October 6, 2023). "JD Vance urges Ohio to vote 'no' on abortion ballot measure: 'This is not about freedom'". Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
    81. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tobias, Andrew J. (August 17, 2023). "Gov. Mike DeWine, Catholic bishop, to help raise money in Cleveland to defeat November abortion amendment". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
    82. ↑ Blackwell, Ken (November 2, 2023). "Ohio's Issue 1 is About More Than Abortion". Townhall. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    83. 1 2 Tebben, Susan (August 24, 2023). "Split ballot board approves reproductive rights amendment summary written by Ohio Sec. of State". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
    84. ↑ Ingles, Jo (October 8, 2023). "Supporters of abortion, reproductive rights amendment rally in cities throughout Ohio". Statehouse News Bureau. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
    85. 1 2 LeBus, Mary (October 11, 2023). "The Ohio ballot explained: Everything you need to know for the November Election". FOX 19. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
    86. ↑ Heil, Hannah (October 7, 2023). "DeSales student shares why Ohio March for Life, Mass have special meaning for her". The Catholic Times. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
    87. ↑ Click, Gary (August 5, 2023). "Click: Clarity on Issue One". Fremont News Messenger. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
    88. ↑ Blasius, Patrick (September 27, 2023). "Right to Life encourages voting no on Issue 1". Putnam County Sentinel. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
    89. ↑ Seitz, Bill (October 12, 2023). "Abortionists trying to trick voters into granting infanticide on demand". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    90. ↑ Szilagy, Sarah (August 8, 2023). "Ohio voters reject Issue 1 in special election". WCMH-TV. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    91. ↑ Lehner, Peggy (November 5, 2023). "VOICES: Issue 1 will enshrine in our Constitution one of the most extreme abortion laws in our nation". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    92. ↑ Bonnar, David J. "Bishop Bonnar on the November Abortion Amendment". Catholic Diocese of Youngstown. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    93. ↑ Fernandes, Earl (July 16, 2023). "Defending human life remains a moral issue and not a political one". The Catholic Times. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    94. ↑ Schnurr, Dennis M. (August 12, 2023). "Letter to the Faithful Opposing the November Amendment". Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    95. ↑ Foley, Ryan (November 6, 2023). "Michael W. Smith tells Ohioans to vote 'no' on Issue 1: 'This is a spiritual battle'". The Christian Post. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    96. ↑ Thomas, Daniel E. (August 25, 2023). "Statement of Bishop Daniel E. Thomas Regarding Issue #1 Being Placed on the November Ballot". Diocese of Toledo. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    97. ↑ Wilcox, Jeremiah (October 7, 2023). "Rallies on both sides of Issue 1 intensify ahead of election". ABC6. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
    98. ↑ Evans, Nick (May 5, 2023). "Ohio Republican Party committee votes to support amendment change, oppose abortion rights". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
    99. ↑ Editorial Board (October 22, 2023). "Editorial: Issue 1 overreach". The Blade. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
    100. ↑ Akron Beacon Journal Editorial Board (October 13, 2023). "Here's our analysis of Ohio Issue 1 guaranteeing abortion rights in state's constitution". Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
    101. ↑ Editorial Board (October 15, 2023). "Light and not just heat - editorial board members offer their views on Issue 1, giving voters a chance to read a range of perspectives". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
    102. 1 2 "Abortion rights campaign beats opponents in campaign donations and spending ahead of election". NBC4. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    103. 1 2 "The Enquirer Subscription Offers, Specials, and Discounts". subscribe.cincinnati.com. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
    104. ↑ Bemiller, Haley (November 8, 2023). "Will of the voters? Republicans in Ohio pledge to push back on abortion, marijuana". USA Today. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
    105. ↑ Zuckerman, Jake (November 8, 2023). "After voters back abortion and pot, GOP leaders signal plans to undermine referendums". cleveland.com . Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
    106. ↑ Balmert, Jessie (November 10, 2023). "Ohio GOP lawmakers propose stripping judges of power to interpret abortion rights, Issue 1". Cincinnati Enquirer . Retrieved November 11, 2023.
    107. ↑ Crisp, Elizabeth (November 8, 2023). "Bemoaning Ohio results, Santorum says 'pure democracies' aren't how to run a country". The Hill . Retrieved November 9, 2023.
    108. ↑ Otten, Tori (November 8, 2023). "Rick Santorum Says Quiet Part Out Loud After Republican Election Losses". The New Republic . Retrieved November 9, 2023.
    109. ↑ Lewis, Frank W.; Wilder, Candice (November 9, 2023). "Issue 1 vote means abortion access is now protected in the Ohio constitution. What happens next?". Signal Cleveland . Retrieved November 12, 2023.
    110. ↑ "Ohio Supreme Court dismisses challenge to order blocking enforcement of abortion ban". PBS. The Associated Press. December 16, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
    111. ↑ "Exit polls for Ohio ballot measure election results 2023 | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.