Isotopes of phosphorus

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Isotopes of phosphorus  (15P)
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
31P100% stable
32P trace 14.269 d β− 32S
33Ptrace25.35 dβ− 33S
Standard atomic weight Ar°(P)

Although phosphorus (15P) has 22 isotopes from 26P to 47P, only 31P is stable, thus phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 33P with a half-life of 25.34 days and 32P with a half-life of 14.268 days. [3] [4] All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable known isotope is 47P, with a half-life of 2 milliseconds.

Contents

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da) [5]
[n 2] [n 3] 		Half-life [6]
[n 4] 		Decay
mode [6]
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6] 		Spin and
parity [6]
[n 7] [n 4] 		Isotopic
abundance
Excitation energy
26P151126.01178(21)#43.6(3) ms β+ (62.9%)26Si(3)+
β+, p (35.1%)25Al
β+, 2p (1.99%)24Mg
26mP164.4(1) keV115(8) ns IT 26P(1+)
27P151226.9992925(97)260(80) msβ+ (99.93%)27Si1/2+
β+, p (0.07%)26Al
28P151327.9923265(12)270.3(5) msβ+28Si3+
β+, p (.0013%)27Al
β+, α (8.6×10−4%)24Mg
29P151428.98180037(39)4.102(4) sβ+29Si1/2+
30P151529.978313490(69)2.5000(17) minβ+30Si1+
31P151630.97376199768(80)Stable1/2+1.0000
32P 151731.973907643(42)14.269(7) dβ−32S1+ Trace
33P151832.9717257(12)25.35(11) dβ−33S1/2+
34P151933.97364589(87)12.43(10) sβ−34S1+
35P152034.9733140(20)47.3(8) sβ−35S1/2+
36P152135.978260(14)5.6(3) sβ−36S4−
β−, n?35S
37P152236.979607(41)2.31(13) sβ−37S(1/2+)
β−, n?36S
38P152337.984303(78)0.64(14) sβ− (88%)38S(2−)
β−, n (12%)37S
39P152438.98629(12)282(24) msβ− (74%)39S(1/2+)
β−, n (26%)38S
40P152539.991262(90)150(8) msβ− (84.2%)40S(2−,3−)
β−, n (15.8%)39S
β−, 2n?38S
41P152640.99465(13)101(5) msβ− (70%)41S1/2+#
β−, n (30%)40S
β−, 2n?39S
42P152742.00117(10)48.5(15) msβ− (50%)42S
β−, n (50%)41S
β−, 2n?40S
43P152843.00541(32)#35.8(13) msβ−, n42S(1/2+)
β−, 2n ?41S
44P152944.01193(43)#18.5(25) msβ−, n (55% [7] )43S
β− (24%)44S
β−, 2n (21%)42S
45P153045.01713(54)#24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms [7] β−, n (79%)44S1/2+#
β−, 2n (21%)43S
46P153146.02452(54)#9# ms
[>200 ns]		β−?46S
β−, n?45S
β−, 2n?44S
47P153247.03093(64)#4# ms
[>400 ns]		β−47S1/2+#
β−, n?46S
β−, 2n?45S
This table header & footer:
  1. ↑ mP – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. 1 2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32

32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. 32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by 32P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death. [8]

Phosphorus-33

33P is an artificial radioactive element. It is produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of 31P (stable). The 33P has a radioactive period of 25.3 days. It is a pure β-transmitter. 33P is used as an alternative to 32P in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its less energetic β spectrum make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, 33P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time. [9]

See also

Daughter products other than phosphorus

References

  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.
  2. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN   1365-3075.
  3. ↑ PubChem. "Phosphorus Radioisotopes". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
  4. ↑ "phosphorus-33 atom (CHEBI:37973)". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
  5. ↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  6. 1 2 3 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  7. 1 2 Crawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 129 (212501): 212501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501 . PMID   36461950. S2CID   253600995.
  8. ↑ "Phosphorus-32".
  9. ↑ "Phosphorus 33 (P-33)".
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