Isotopes of scandium

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Isotopes of scandium  (21Sc)
Main isotopes [1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
44m2Sc synth 58.61 h IT 44Sc
γ 44Sc
ε 44Ca
45Sc100% stable
46Scsynth83.79 d β− 46Ti
γ–
47Scsynth80.38 hβ− 47Ti
γ–
48Scsynth43.67 hβ− 48Ti
γ–
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sc)

Naturally occurring scandium (21Sc) is composed of one stable isotope, 45Sc. Twenty-seven radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 46Sc with a half-life of 83.8 days, 47Sc with a half-life of 3.35 days, and 48Sc with a half-life of 43.7 hours and 44Sc with a half-life of 3.97 hours. All the remaining isotopes have half-lives that are less than four hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than two minutes, the least stable being proton unbound 39Sc with a half-life shorter than 300 nanoseconds. This element also has 13 meta states with the most stable being 44m2Sc (t1/2 58.6 h).

The isotopes of scandium range from 37Sc to 62Sc. The primary decay mode at masses lower than the only stable isotope, 45Sc, is beta-plus or electron capture, and the primary mode at masses above it is beta-minus. The primary decay products at atomic weights below 45Sc are calcium isotopes and the primary products from higher atomic weights are titanium isotopes.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da) [4]
[n 2] [n 3] 		Half-life [1]
[n 4] 		Decay
mode [1]
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6] 		Spin and
parity [1]
[n 7] [n 4] 		Isotopic
abundance
Excitation energy
37Sc [5] 211637.00376(44)p36Ca
38Sc [5] 211737.995002(15)p37Ca
39Sc211838.984785(26)p38Ca7/2−#
40Sc211939.9779673(30)182.3(7) ms β+ (99.54%)40Ca4−
β+, p (0.44%)39K
β+, α (0.017%)36Ar
41Sc212040.969251163(83)596.3(17) msβ+41Ca7/2−
42Sc212141.96551669(17)680.72(26) msβ+42Ca0+
42mSc616.81(6) keV61.7(4) sβ+42Ca7+
43Sc212242.9611504(20)3.891(12) hβ+43Ca7/2−
43m1Sc151.79(8) keV438(5) μs IT 43Sc3/2+
43m2Sc3123.73(15) keV472(3) nsIT43Sc19/2−
44Sc 212343.9594028(19)4.0421(25) hβ+44Ca2+
44m1Sc67.8679(14) keV154.8(8) nsIT44Sc1−
44m2Sc146.1914(20) keV51.0(3) μsIT44Sc0−
44m3Sc271.240(10) keV58.61(10) hIT (98.80%)44Sc6+
β+ (1.20%)44Ca
45Sc212444.95590705(71)Stable7/2−1.0000
45mSc12.40(5) keV318(7) msIT45Sc3/2+
46Sc212545.95516703(72)83.757(14) dβ−46Ti4+
46m1Sc52.011(1) keV9.4(8) μsIT46Sc6+
46m2Sc142.528(7) keV18.75(4) sIT46Sc1−
47Sc212646.9524024(21)3.3492(6) dβ−47Ti7/2−
47mSc766.83(9) keV272(8) nsIT47Sc(3/2)+
48Sc212747.9522229(53)43.67(9) hβ−48Ti6+
49Sc212848.9500132(24)57.18(13) minβ−49Ti7/2−
50Sc212949.9521874(27)102.5(5) sβ−50Ti5+
50mSc256.895(10) keV350(40) msIT (>99%)50Sc2+
β− (<1%)50Ti
51Sc213050.9535688(27)12.4(1) sβ−51Ti(7/2)−
β−, n?50Ti
52Sc213151.9564962(33)8.2(2) sβ−52Ti3(+)
β−, n?51Ti
53Sc213252.958379(19)2.4(6) sβ−53Ti(7/2−)
β−, n?52Ti
54Sc213353.963029(15)526(15) msβ− (84%)54Ti(3)+
β−, n (16%)53Ti
54mSc110.5(3) keV2.77(2) μsIT54Sc(5+,4+)
55Sc213454.966890(67)96(2) msβ− (83%)55Ti(7/2)−
β−, n (17%)54Ti
β−, 2n?53Ti
56Sc213555.97261(28)26(6) msβ−56Ti(1+)
β−, n?55Ti
β−, 2n?54Ti
56m1Sc [n 8] 0(100)# keV75(6) msβ− (<88%)56Ti(6+,5+)
β−, n (>12%)55Ti
β−, 2n?54Ti
56m2Sc775.0(1) keV290(17) nsIT56Sc(4+)
57Sc213656.97705(19)22(2) msβ−57Ti7/2−#
β−, n?56Ti
β−, 2n?55Ti
58Sc213757.98338(20)12(5) msβ−58Ti3+#
β−, n?57Ti
β−, 2n?56Ti
58mSc1420.7(22) keV0.60(13) μsIT58Sc
59Sc213858.98837(27)12# ms
[>620 ns]		β−?59Ti7/2−#
β−, n?58Ti
β−, 2n?57Ti
60Sc213959.99512(54)#10# ms
[>620 ns]		β−60Ti?3+#
β−, n?59Ti
β−, 2n?58Ti
61Sc214061.00054(64)#7# ms
[>620 ns]		β−?61Ti7/2-#
β−, n?60Ti
β−, 2n?59Ti
62Sc214162.00785(64)#2# ms
[>400 ns]		β−?62Ti
β−, n?61Ti
β−, 2n?60Ti
This table header & footer:
  1. ↑ mSc – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. 1 2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. ↑ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Scandium". CIAAW. 2021.
  3. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN   1365-3075.
  4. ↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  5. 1 2 Dronchi, N.; Charity, R. J.; Sobotka, L. G.; Brown, B. A.; Weisshaar, D.; Gade, A.; Brown, K. W.; Reviol, W.; Bazin, D.; Farris, P. J.; Hill, A. M.; Li, J.; Longfellow, B.; Rhodes, D.; Paneru, S. N.; Gillespie, S. A.; Anthony, A. K.; Rubino, E.; Biswas, S. (2024-09-12). "Evolution of shell gaps in the neutron-poor calcium region from invariant-mass spectroscopy of 37,38Sc, 35Ca, and 34K". Physical Review C. 110 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.L031302. ISSN   2469-9985.
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