Isotopes of yttrium

Isotopes of yttrium (₃₉Y)
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002; 88.906±0.001 (abridged);
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Last updated October 11, 2024

Natural yttrium (₃₉Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days, and ⁹¹Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized.

⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[3] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^[4] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^[4] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^[4] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^[4] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^[4] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^[4] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
⁷⁶Y	39	37	75.95894(32)#	28(9) ms	β⁺?	⁷⁶Sr	1−#
					p?	⁷⁵Sr
					β⁺, p?	⁷⁵Rb
⁷⁷Y	39	38	76.95015(22)#	63(17) ms	β⁺	⁷⁷Sr	5/2+#
					p?	⁷⁶Sr
					β⁺, p?	⁷⁶Rb
⁷⁸Y	39	39	77.94399(32)#	54(5) ms	β⁺	⁷⁸Sr	(0+)
⁷⁸Y	39	39	77.94399(32)#	54(5) ms	β⁺, p?	⁷⁷Rb	(0+)
^78mY^{[n 9]}	0(500)# keV			5.8(6) s	β⁺	⁷⁸Sr	(5+)
^78mY^{[n 9]}	0(500)# keV			5.8(6) s	β⁺, p?	⁷⁷Rb	(5+)
⁷⁹Y	39	40	78.937946(86)	14.8(6) s	β⁺	⁷⁹Sr	5/2+#
⁸⁰Y	39	41	79.9343548(67)	30.1(5) s	β⁺	⁸⁰Sr	4−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s	IT (81%)	⁸⁰Y	1−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s	β⁺ (19%)	⁸⁰Sr	1−
^80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			4.7(3) μs	IT	⁸⁰Y	(2+)
⁸¹Y	39	42	80.9294543(58)	70.4(10) s	β⁺	⁸¹Sr	(5/2+)
⁸²Y	39	43	81.9269302(59)	8.30(20) s	β⁺	⁸²Sr	1+
^82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			258(22) ns	IT	⁸²Y	4−
^82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			148(6) ns	IT	⁸²Y	6+
⁸³Y	39	44	82.922484(20)	7.08(8) min	β⁺	⁸³Sr	(9/2+)
^83mY	62.04(10) keV			2.85(2) min	β⁺ (60%)	⁸³Sr	(3/2−)
^83mY	62.04(10) keV			2.85(2) min	IT (40%)	⁸³Y	(3/2−)
⁸⁴Y	39	45	83.9206711(46)	39.5(8) min	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	(6+)
^84m1Y	67.0(2) keV			4.6(2) s	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	1+
^84m2Y	210.42(16) keV			292(10) ns	IT	⁸⁴Y	4−
⁸⁵Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	2.68(5) h	β⁺	⁸⁵Sr	(1/2)−
^85m1Y	19.68(17) keV			4.86(20) h	β⁺	⁸⁵Sr	(9/2)+
^85m1Y	19.68(17) keV			4.86(20) h	IT?	⁸⁵Y	(9/2)+
^85m2Y	266.18(10) keV			178(7) ns	IT	⁸⁵Y	(5/2)−
⁸⁶Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	14.74(2) h	β⁺	⁸⁶Sr	4−
^86m1Y	218.21(9) keV			47.4(4) min	IT (99.31%)	⁸⁶Y	(8+)
^86m1Y	218.21(9) keV			47.4(4) min	β⁺ (0.69%)	⁸⁶Sr	(8+)
^86m2Y	302.18(9) keV			125.3(55) ns	IT	⁸⁶Y	6+
⁸⁷Y	39	48	86.9108761(12)	79.8(3) h	β⁺	⁸⁷Sr	1/2−
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	⁸⁷Y	9/2+
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	β⁺ (1.57%)	⁸⁷Sr	9/2+
⁸⁸Y	39	49	87.9095013(16)	106.629(24) d	β⁺	⁸⁸Sr	4−
^88m1Y	392.86(9) keV			301(3) μs	IT	⁸⁸Y	1+
^88m2Y	674.55(4) keV			13.98(17) ms	IT	⁸⁸Y	8+
⁸⁹Y^{[n 10]}	39	50	88.90583816(36)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^89mY	908.97(3) keV			15.663(5) s	IT	⁸⁹Y	9/2+
⁹⁰Y ^{[n 10]}	39	51	89.90714175(38)	64.05(5) h	β⁻	⁹⁰Zr	2−
^90mY	682.01(5) keV			3.226(11) h	IT	⁹⁰Y	7+
^90mY	682.01(5) keV			3.226(11) h	β⁻ (0.0018%)	⁹⁰Zr	7+
⁹¹Y^{[n 10]}	39	52	90.9072980(20)	58.51(6) d	β⁻	⁹¹Zr	1/2−
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	IT	⁹¹Y	9/2+
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	β⁻?	⁹¹Zr	9/2+
⁹²Y	39	53	91.9089458(98)	3.54(1) h	β⁻	⁹²Zr	2−
^92mY	807(50)# keV			3.7(5) μs	IT	⁹²Y	7+#
⁹³Y	39	54	92.909578(11)	10.18(8) h	β⁻	⁹³Zr	1/2−
^93mY	758.719(21) keV			820(40) ms	IT	⁹³Y	9/2+
⁹⁴Y	39	55	93.9115921(68)	18.7(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁴Zr	2−
^94mY	1202.3(10) keV			1.304(12) μs	IT	⁹⁴Y	(5+)
⁹⁵Y	39	56	94.9128197(73)	10.3(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁵Zr	1/2−
^95mY	1087.6(6) keV			48.6(5) μs	IT	⁹⁵Y	9/2+
⁹⁶Y	39	57	95.9159093(65)	5.34(5) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	0−
^96m1Y	1540(9) keV			9.6(2) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	8+
^96m2Y	1655.0(11) keV			181(9) ns	IT	⁹⁶Y	(6+)
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.9182867(72)	3.75(3) s	β⁻ (99.945%)	⁹⁷Zr	1/2−
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.9182867(72)	3.75(3) s	β⁻, n (0.055%)	⁹⁶Zr	1/2−
^97m1Y	667.52(23) keV			1.17(3) s	β⁻ (>99.2%)	⁹⁷Zr	9/2+
					IT (<0.7%)	⁹⁷Y
					β⁻, n (0.11%)	⁹⁶Zr
^97m2Y	3522.6(4) keV			142(8) ms	IT (94.8%)	⁹⁷Y	(27/2−)
^97m2Y	3522.6(4) keV			142(8) ms	β⁻ (5.2%)	⁹⁷Zr	(27/2−)
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.9223948(85)	548(2) ms	β⁻ (99.67%)	⁹⁸Zr	0−
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.9223948(85)	548(2) ms	β⁻, n (0.33%)	⁹⁷Zr	0−
^98m1Y	170.78(5) keV			615(8) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	2−
^98m2Y	465.7(7) keV			2.32(8) s	β⁻ (96.56%)	⁹⁸Zr	(6,7)+
					β⁻, n (3.44%)	⁹⁷Zr
					IT?	⁹⁸Y
^98m3Y	496.10(11) keV			6.90(54) μs	IT	⁹⁸Y	(4)−
^98m4Y	594(10) keV			180(7) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	(3−,4−)
^98m5Y	972.17(20) keV			450(150) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	(8+)
^98m6Y	1181.50(18) keV			762(14) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	(10−)
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.9241608(71)	1.484(7) s	β⁻ (98.23%)	⁹⁹Zr	5/2+
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.9241608(71)	1.484(7) s	β⁻, n (1.77%)	⁹⁸Zr	5/2+
^99mY	2141.65(19) keV			8.2(4) μs	IT	⁹⁹Y	(17/2+)
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.927728(12)	940(30) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁰Zr	4+
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.927728(12)	940(30) ms	β⁻, n?	⁹⁹Zr	4+
^100mY	144(16) keV			727(6) ms	β⁻ (98.92%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	1+#
^100mY	144(16) keV			727(6) ms	β⁻, n (1.08%)	⁹⁹Zr	1+#
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.9301608(76)	426(20) ms	β⁻ (97.7%)	¹⁰¹Zr	5/2+
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.9301608(76)	426(20) ms	β⁻, n (2.3%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	5/2+
^101mY	1205.0(10) keV			870(90) ns	IT	¹⁰¹Y	13/2−#
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.9343285(44)	360(40) ms	β⁻ (>97.4%)	¹⁰²Zr	(5−)
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.9343285(44)	360(40) ms	β⁻, n (<2.6%)	¹⁰¹Zr	(5−)
^102mY^{[n 9]}	100(100)# keV			300(100) ms	β⁻ (>97.4%)	¹⁰²Zr	(0−,1−)
					β⁻, n (<2.6%)	¹⁰¹Zr
					IT?	¹⁰²Y
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.937244(12)	239(12) ms	β⁻ (92.0%)	¹⁰³Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.937244(12)	239(12) ms	β⁻, n (8.0%)	¹⁰²Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰⁴Y	39	65	103.94194(22)#	197(4) ms	β⁻ (66%)	¹⁰⁴Zr	(0+,1+)#
					β⁻, n (34%)	¹⁰³Zr
					β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰²Zr
¹⁰⁵Y	39	66	104.94571(43)#	95(9) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁵Zr	5/2+#
					β⁻, n (<82%)	¹⁰⁴Zr
					β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰³Zr
¹⁰⁶Y	39	67	105.95084(54)#	75(6) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁶Zr	2+#
					β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁵Zr
					β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁴Zr
¹⁰⁷Y	39	68	106.95494(54)#	33.5(3) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁷Zr	5/2+#
					β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁶Zr
					β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁵Zr
¹⁰⁸Y	39	69	107.96052(64)#	30(5) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁸Zr	6−#
					β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁷Zr
					β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁶Zr
¹⁰⁹Y	39	70	108.96513(75)#	25(5) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁹Zr	5/2+#
					β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁸Zr
					β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁷Zr
¹¹⁰Y^[5]	39	71
¹¹¹Y^[5]	39	72
This table header & footer: view

↑ ^mY – Excited nuclear isomer.
↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
↑ Modes of decay:
IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
1 2 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
1 2 3 Fission product

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References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
1 2 3 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
1 2 Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl: 10261/260248 . S2CID 234019083.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.): 354–355.

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[3] Y – Excited nuclear isomer.

[5] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-6] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-8] 1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[9] Modes of decay:
IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission

[10] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[11] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[12] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[order-13] 1 2 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[FP-14] 1 2 3 Fission product

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[AME2020_II-4] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[NUBASE2020-7] 1 2 3 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[Sumikama(Y)-15] 1 2 Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl: 10261/260248 . S2CID 234019083.

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