Isotopes of tin

Isotopes of tin (₅₀Sn)
β− 22.4%	121Sb
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sn)
	118.710±0.007; 118.71±0.01 (abridged);
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Last updated July 26, 2025

Tin (₅₀Sn) is the element with the greatest number of stable isotopes (ten; three of them are potentially radioactive but have not been observed to decay). This is probably related to the fact that 50 is a "magic number" of protons. In addition, 32 unstable tin isotopes are known, including tin-100 (¹⁰⁰Sn) (discovered in 1994)^[4] and tin-132 (¹³²Sn), which are both "doubly magic". The longest-lived tin radioisotope is tin-126 (¹²⁶Sn), with a half-life of 230,000 years. The other 28 radioisotopes have half-lives of less than a year.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[5] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity ^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity ^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
⁹⁸Sn^[6]	50	48					0+
⁹⁹Sn^{[n 8]}	50	49	98.94850(63)#	24(4) ms	β⁺ (95%)	⁹⁹In	9/2+#
⁹⁹Sn^{[n 8]}	50	49	98.94850(63)#	24(4) ms	β⁺, p (5%)	⁹⁸Cd	9/2+#
¹⁰⁰Sn^{[n 9]}	50	50	99.93865(26)	1.18(8) s	β⁺ (>83%)	¹⁰⁰In	0+
¹⁰⁰Sn^{[n 9]}	50	50	99.93865(26)	1.18(8) s	β⁺, p (<17%)	⁹⁹Cd	0+
¹⁰¹Sn	50	51	100.93526(32)	2.22(5) s	β⁺	¹⁰¹In	(7/2+)
¹⁰¹Sn	50	51	100.93526(32)	2.22(5) s	β⁺, p?	¹⁰⁰Cd	(7/2+)
¹⁰²Sn	50	52	101.93029(11)	3.8(2) s	β⁺	¹⁰²In	0+
^102mSn	2017(2) keV			367(8) ns	IT	¹⁰²Sn	(6+)
¹⁰³Sn	50	53	102.92797(11)#	7.0(2) s	β⁺ (98.8%)	¹⁰³In	5/2+#
¹⁰³Sn	50	53	102.92797(11)#	7.0(2) s	β⁺, p (1.2%)	¹⁰²Cd	5/2+#
¹⁰⁴Sn	50	54	103.923105(6)	20.8(5) s	β⁺	¹⁰⁴In	0+
¹⁰⁵Sn	50	55	104.921268(4)	32.7(5) s	β⁺	¹⁰⁵In	(5/2+)
¹⁰⁵Sn	50	55	104.921268(4)	32.7(5) s	β⁺, p (0.011%)	¹⁰⁴Cd	(5/2+)
¹⁰⁶Sn	50	56	105.916957(5)	1.92(8) min	β⁺	¹⁰⁶In	0+
¹⁰⁷Sn	50	57	106.915714(6)	2.90(5) min	β⁺	¹⁰⁷In	(5/2+)
¹⁰⁸Sn	50	58	107.911894(6)	10.30(8) min	β⁺	¹⁰⁸In	0+
¹⁰⁹Sn	50	59	108.911293(9)	18.1(2) min	β⁺	¹⁰⁹In	5/2+
¹¹⁰Sn	50	60	109.907845(15)	4.154(4) h	EC	¹¹⁰In	0+
¹¹¹Sn	50	61	110.907741(6)	35.3(6) min	β⁺	¹¹¹In	7/2+
^111mSn	254.71(4) keV			12.5(10) μs	IT	¹¹¹Sn	1/2+
¹¹²Sn	50	62	111.9048249(3)	Observationally Stable ^{[n 10]}			0+	0.0097(1)
¹¹³Sn	50	63	112.9051759(17)	115.08(4) d	β⁺	¹¹³In	1/2+
^113mSn	77.389(19) keV			21.4(4) min	IT (91.1%)	¹¹³Sn	7/2+
^113mSn	77.389(19) keV			21.4(4) min	β⁺ (8.9%)	¹¹³In	7/2+
¹¹⁴Sn	50	64	113.90278013(3)	Stable			0+	0.0066(1)
^114mSn	3087.37(7) keV			733(14) ns	IT	¹¹⁴Sn	7−
¹¹⁵Sn^{[n 11]}	50	65	114.903344695(16)	Stable			1/2+	0.0034(1)
^115m1Sn	612.81(4) keV			3.26(8) μs	IT	¹¹⁵Sn	7/2+
^115m2Sn	713.64(12) keV			159(1) μs	IT	¹¹⁵Sn	11/2−
¹¹⁶Sn	50	66	115.90174283(10)	Stable			0+	0.1454(9)
^116m1Sn	2365.975(21) keV			348(19) ns	IT	¹¹⁶Sn	5−
^116m2Sn	3547.16(17) keV			833(30) ns	IT	¹¹⁶Sn	10+
¹¹⁷Sn^{[n 11]}	50	67	116.90295404(52)	Stable			1/2+	0.0768(7)
^117m1Sn^{[n 11]}	314.58(4) keV			13.939(24) d	IT	¹¹⁷Sn	11/2−
^117m2Sn	2406.4(4) keV			1.75(7) μs	IT	¹¹⁷Sn	(19/2+)
¹¹⁸Sn^{[n 11]}	50	68	117.90160663(54)	Stable			0+	0.2422(9)
^118m1Sn	2574.91(4) keV			230(10) ns	IT	¹¹⁸Sn	7−
^118m2Sn	3108.06(22) keV			2.52(6) μs	IT	¹¹⁸Sn	(10+)
¹¹⁹Sn^{[n 11]}	50	69	118.90331127(78)	Stable			1/2+	0.0859(4)
^119m1Sn^{[n 11]}	89.531(13) keV			293.1(7) d	IT	¹¹⁹Sn	11/2−
^119m2Sn	2127.0(10) keV			9.6(12) μs	IT	¹¹⁹Sn	(19/2+)
^119m3Sn	2369.0(3) keV			96(9) ns	IT	¹¹⁹Sn	23/2+
¹²⁰Sn^{[n 11]}	50	70	119.90220256(99)	Stable			0+	0.3258(9)
^120m1Sn	2481.63(6) keV			11.8(5) μs	IT	¹²⁰Sn	7−
^120m2Sn	2902.22(22) keV			6.26(11) μs	IT	¹²⁰Sn	10+
¹²¹Sn^{[n 11]}	50	71	120.9042435(11)	27.03(4) h	β⁻	¹²¹Sb	3/2+
^121m1Sn^{[n 11]}	6.31(6) keV			43.9(5) y	IT (77.6%)	¹²¹Sn	11/2−
^121m1Sn^{[n 11]}	6.31(6) keV			43.9(5) y	β⁻ (22.4%)	¹²¹Sb	11/2−
^121m2Sn	1998.68(13) keV			5.3(5) μs	IT	¹²¹Sn	19/2+
^121m3Sn	2222.0(2) keV			520(50) ns	IT	¹²¹Sn	23/2+
^121m4Sn	2833.9(2) keV			167(25) ns	IT	¹²¹Sn	27/2−
¹²²Sn^{[n 11]}	50	72	121.9034455(26)	Observationally Stable^{[n 12]}			0+	0.0463(3)
^122m1Sn	2409.03(4) keV			7.5(9) μs	IT	¹²²Sn	7−
^122m2Sn	2765.5(3) keV			62(3) μs	IT	¹²²Sn	10+
^122m3Sn	4721.2(3) keV			139(9) ns	IT	¹²²Sn	15−
¹²³Sn^{[n 11]}	50	73	122.9057271(27)	129.2(4) d	β⁻	¹²³Sb	11/2−
^123m1Sn	24.6(4) keV			40.06(1) min	β⁻	¹²³Sb	3/2+
^123m2Sn	1944.90(12) keV			7.4(26) μs	IT	¹²³Sn	19/2+
^123m3Sn	2152.66(19) keV			6 μs	IT	¹²³Sn	23/2+
^123m4Sn	2712.47(21) keV			34 μs	IT	¹²³Sn	27/2−
¹²⁴Sn^{[n 11]}	50	74	123.9052796(14)	Observationally Stable^{[n 13]}			0+	0.0579(5)
^124m1Sn	2204.620(23) keV			270(60) ns	IT	¹²⁴Sn	5-
^124m2Sn	2324.96(4) keV			3.1(5) μs	IT	¹²⁴Sn	7−
^124m3Sn	2656.6(3) keV			51(3) μs	IT	¹²⁴Sn	10+
^124m4Sn	4552.4(3) keV			260(25) ns	IT	¹²⁴Sn	15−
¹²⁵Sn^{[n 11]}	50	75	124.9077894(14)	9.634(15) d	β⁻	¹²⁵Sb	11/2−
^125m1Sn	27.50(14) keV			9.77(25) min	β⁻	¹²⁵Sb	3/2+
^125m2Sn	1892.8(3) keV			6.2(2) μs	IT	¹²⁵Sn	19/2+
^125m3Sn	2059.5(4) keV			650(60) ns	IT	¹²⁵Sn	23/2+
^125m4Sn	2623.5(5) keV			230(17) ns	IT	¹²⁵Sn	27/2−
¹²⁶Sn^{[n 14]}	50	76	125.907658(11)	2.30(14)×10⁵ y	β⁻	¹²⁶Sb	0+	< 10⁻¹⁴^[7]
^126m1Sn	2218.99(8) keV			6.1(7) μs	IT	¹²⁶Sn	7−
^126m2Sn	2564.5(5) keV			7.6(3) μs	IT	¹²⁶Sn	10+
^126m3Sn	4347.4(4) keV			114(2) ns	IT	¹²⁶Sn	15−
¹²⁷Sn	50	77	126.9103917(99)	2.10(4) h	β⁻	¹²⁷Sb	11/2−
^127m1Sn	5.07(6) keV			4.13(3) min	β⁻	¹²⁷Sb	3/2+
^127m2Sn	1826.67(16) keV			4.52(15) μs	IT	¹²⁷Sn	19/2+
^127m3Sn	1930.97(17) keV			1.26(15) μs	IT	¹²⁷Sn	(23/2+)
^127m4Sn	2552.4(10) keV			250(30) ns	IT	¹²⁷Sn	(27/2−)
¹²⁸Sn	50	78	127.910508(19)	59.07(14) min	β⁻	¹²⁸Sb	0+
^128m1Sn	2091.50(11) keV			6.5(5) s	IT	¹²⁸Sn	7−
^128m2Sn	2491.91(17) keV			2.91(14) μs	IT	¹²⁸Sn	10+
^128m3Sn	4099.5(4) keV			220(30) ns	IT	¹²⁸Sn	(15−)
¹²⁹Sn	50	79	128.913482(19)	2.23(4) min	β⁻	¹²⁹Sb	3/2+
^129m1Sn	35.15(5) keV			6.9(1) min	β⁻	¹²⁹Sb	11/2−
^129m2Sn	1761.6(10) keV			3.49(11) μs	IT	¹²⁹Sn	(19/2+)
^129m3Sn	1802.6(10) keV			2.22(13) μs	IT	¹²⁹Sn	23/2+
^129m4Sn	2552.9(11) keV			221(18) ns	IT	¹²⁹Sn	(27/2−)
¹³⁰Sn	50	80	129.9139745(20)	3.72(7) min	β⁻	¹³⁰Sb	0+
^130m1Sn	1946.88(10) keV			1.7(1) min	β⁻	¹³⁰Sb	7−
^130m2Sn	2434.79(12) keV			1.501(17) μs	IT	¹³⁰Sn	(10+)
¹³¹Sn	50	81	130.917053(4)	56.0(5) s	β⁻	¹³¹Sb	3/2+
^131m1Sn	65.1(3) keV			58.4(5) s	β⁻	¹³¹Sb	11/2−
^131m1Sn	65.1(3) keV			58.4(5) s	IT?	¹³¹Sn	11/2−
^131m2Sn	4670.0(4) keV			316(5) ns	IT	¹³¹Sn	(23/2−)
¹³²Sn	50	82	131.9178239(21)	39.7(8) s	β⁻	¹³²Sb	0+
^132mSn	4848.52(20) keV			2.080(16) μs	IT	¹³²Sn	8+
¹³³Sn	50	83	132.9239138(20)	1.37(7) s	β⁻ (99.97%)	¹³³Sb	7/2−
¹³³Sn	50	83	132.9239138(20)	1.37(7) s	β⁻ n (.0294%)	¹³²Sb	7/2−
¹³⁴Sn	50	84	133.928680(3)	0.93(8) s	β⁻ (83%)	¹³⁴Sb	0+
¹³⁴Sn	50	84	133.928680(3)	0.93(8) s	β⁻n (17%)	¹³³Sb	0+
^134mSn	1247.4(5) keV			87(8) ns	IT	¹³⁴Sn	6+
¹³⁵Sn	50	85	134.934909(3)	515(5) ms	β⁻ (79%)	¹³⁵Sb	7/2−#
					β⁻n (21%)	¹³⁴Sb
					β⁻2n?	¹³³Sb
¹³⁶Sn	50	86	135.93970(22)#	355(18) ms	β⁻ (72%)	¹³⁶Sb	0+
					β⁻n (28%)	¹³⁵Sb
					β⁻2n?	¹³⁴Sb
¹³⁷Sn	50	87	136.94616(32)#	249(15) ms	β⁻ (52%)	¹³⁷Sb	5/2−#
					β⁻n (48%)	¹³⁶Sb
					β⁻2n?	¹³⁵Sb
¹³⁸Sn	50	88	137.95114(43)#	148(9) ms	β⁻ (64%)	¹³⁸Sb	0+
					β⁻n (36%)	¹³⁷Sb
					β⁻2n?	¹³⁶Sb
^138mSn	1344(2) keV			210(45) ns	IT	¹³⁸Sn	(6+)
¹³⁹Sn	50	89	138.95780(43)#	120(38) ms	β⁻	¹³⁹Sb	5/2−#
					β⁻n?	¹³⁸Sb
					β⁻2n?	¹³⁷Sb
¹⁴⁰Sn	50	90	139.96297(32)#	50# ms [>550 ns]	β⁻?	¹⁴⁰Sb	0+
					β⁻n?	¹³⁹Sb
					β⁻2n?	¹³⁸Sb
This table header & footer: view

↑ ^mSn – Excited nuclear isomer.
↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
↑ Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
↑ Heaviest known nuclide with more protons than neutrons
↑ Heaviest nuclide with equal numbers of protons and neutrons with no observed α decay
↑ Believed to decay by β⁺β⁺ to ¹¹²Cd
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Fission product
↑ Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹²²Te
↑ Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹²⁴Te with a half-life over 1×10¹⁷ years
↑ Long-lived fission product

Tin-117m

Tin-117m is a radioisotope of tin. One of its uses is in a particulate suspension to treat canine synovitis (radiosynoviorthesis).^[8]

Tin-121m

Tin-121m (^121mSn) is a radioisotope and nuclear isomer of tin with a half-life of 43.9 years.

In a normal thermal reactor, it has a very low fission product yield; thus, this isotope is not a significant contributor to nuclear waste. Fast fission or fission of some heavier actinides will produce tin-121 at higher yields. For example, its yield from uranium-235 is 0.0007% per thermal fission and 0.002% per fast fission.^[9]

Tin-126

Yield, % per fission ^[9]
	Thermal	Fast	14 MeV
²³²Th	not fissile	0.0481 ± 0.0077	0.87 ± 0.20
²³³U	0.224 ± 0.018	0.278 ± 0.022	1.92 ± 0.31
²³⁵U	0.056 ± 0.004	0.0137 ± 0.001	1.70 ± 0.14
²³⁸U	not fissile	0.054 ± 0.004	1.31 ± 0.21
²³⁹Pu	0.199 ± 0.016	0.26 ± 0.02	2.02 ± 0.22
²⁴¹Pu	0.082 ± 0.019	0.22 ± 0.03	?

Tin-126 is a radioisotope of tin and one of the only seven long-lived fission products of uranium and plutonium. While tin-126's half-life of 230,000 years translates to a low specific activity of gamma radiation, its short-lived decay products, two isomers of antimony-126, emit a cascade of hard gamma radiation - at least 3 photons over 400 keV per decay - before reaching stable tellurium-126, making external exposure to tin-126 a potential concern.

Tin-126 is in the middle of the mass range for fission products. Thermal reactors, which make up almost all current nuclear power plants, produce it at only low yield, since slow neutrons almost always fission ²³⁵U or ²³⁹Pu into unequal halves. Fast fission in a fast reactor or nuclear weapon, or fission of some heavy minor actinides such as californium, will produce it at higher yields.

ANL factsheet

References

1 2 3 4 5 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tin". CIAAW. 1983.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ K. Sümmerer; R. Schneider; T Faestermann; J. Friese; H. Geissel; R. Gernhäuser; H. Gilg; F. Heine; J. Homolka; P. Kienle; H. J. Körner; G. Münzenberg; J. Reinhold; K. Zeitelhack (April 1997). "Identification and decay spectroscopy of ¹⁰⁰Sn at the GSI projectile fragment separator FRS". Nuclear Physics A. 616 (1–2): 341–345. Bibcode:1997NuPhA.616..341S. doi:10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00106-1.
↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
↑ Suzuki, H.; Fukuda, N.; Takeda, H.; et al. (2025). "Discovery of ⁹⁸Sn produced by the projectile fragmentation of a 345-MeV/nucleon ¹²⁴Xe beam". Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ptaf051). doi: 10.1093/ptep/ptaf051 .
↑ Shen, Hongtao; Jiang, Shan; He, Ming; Dong, Kejun; Li, Chaoli; He, Guozhu; Wu, Shaolei; Gong, Jie; Lu, Liyan; Li, Shizhuo; Zhang, Dawei; Shi, Guozhu; Huang, Chuntang; Wu, Shaoyong (February 2011). "Study on measurement of fission product nuclide 126Sn by AMS" (PDF). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 269 (3): 392–395. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2010.11.059.
↑ "Procedure for Use of Synovetin OA" (PDF). nrc.gov.
1 2 M. B. Chadwick et al, "Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) : ENDF/B-VII.1: Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Cross Sections, Covariances, Fission Product Yields, and Decay Data", Nucl. Data Sheets 112(2011)2887. (accessed at https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/endf.htm)

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry . 75 (6): 683–800. doi: 10.1351/pac200375060683 .
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry . 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi: 10.1351/pac200678112051 .
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 3.0 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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[5] Sn – Excited nuclear isomer.

[7] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-8] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-9] 1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[10] Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission

[11] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[12] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[14] Heaviest known nuclide with more protons than neutrons

[15] Heaviest nuclide with equal numbers of protons and neutrons with no observed α decay

[16] Believed to decay by β⁺β⁺ to ¹¹²Cd

[FP-17] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Fission product

[18] Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹²²Te

[19] Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹²⁴Te with a half-life over 1×10¹⁷ years

[20] Long-lived fission product

[NUBASE2020-1] 1 2 3 4 5 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[CIAAWtin-2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Tin". CIAAW. 1983.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[4] K. Sümmerer; R. Schneider; T Faestermann; J. Friese; H. Geissel; R. Gernhäuser; H. Gilg; F. Heine; J. Homolka; P. Kienle; H. J. Körner; G. Münzenberg; J. Reinhold; K. Zeitelhack (April 1997). "Identification and decay spectroscopy of ¹⁰⁰Sn at the GSI projectile fragment separator FRS". Nuclear Physics A. 616 (1–2): 341–345. Bibcode:1997NuPhA.616..341S. doi:10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00106-1.

[AME2020_II-6] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

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