Copper (29Cu) has two stable isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, along with 28 known radioisotopes from 55Cu to 84Cu. The most stable radioisotope, 67Cu, has a half-life of only 61.83 hours, then follow 64Cu at 12.70 hours and 61Cu at 3.34 hours. The others have half-lives all under an hour and most under a minute. The isotopes with mass below 63 generally undergo positron emission and electron capture to nickel isotopes, while isotopes with mass above 65 generally undergo β− decay to zinc isotopes. The single example in between, 64Cu, decays both ways.
↑ ()– Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
↑ #– Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
↑ Bold symbol as daughter– Daughter product is stable.
↑ () spin value– Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
1 2 #– Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Copper nuclear magnetic resonance
Both stable isotopes of copper (63Cu and 65Cu) have nuclear spin of 3/2−, and thus produce nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, although the spectral lines are broad due to quadrupolar broadening. 63Cu is the more sensitive nucleus while 65Cu yields very slightly narrower signals. Usually though 63Cu NMR is preferred.[8]
There is growing interest in the use of 64Cu, 62Cu, 61Cu, and 60Cu for diagnostic purposes and 67Cu and 64Cu for targeted radiotherapy. For example, 64Cu has a longer half-life than most positron-emitters (12.7 hours) and is thus ideal for diagnostic PET imaging of biological molecules.[9]
↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
1 2 Canete, L.; Giraud, S.; Kankainen, A.; Bastin, B.; Nowacki, F.; Ascher, P.; Eronen, T.; Girard Alcindor, V.; Jokinen, A.; Khanam, A.; Moore, I.D.; Nesterenko, D.; De Oliveira, F.; Penttilä, H.; Petrone, C.; Pohjalainen, I.; De Roubin, A.; Rubchenya, V.; Vilen, M.; Äystö, J. (June 2024). "Long-sought isomer turns out to be the ground state of 76Cu". Physics Letters B. 853: 138663. arXiv:2401.14018. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2024.138663.
↑ Giraud, S.; Canete, L.; Bastin, B.; Kankainen, A.; Fantina, A.F.; Gulminelli, F.; Ascher, P.; Eronen, T.; Girard-Alcindor, V.; Jokinen, A.; Khanam, A.; Moore, I.D.; Nesterenko, D.A.; de Oliveira Santos, F.; Penttilä, H.; Petrone, C.; Pohjalainen, I.; De Roubin, A.; Rubchenya, V.A.; Vilen, M.; Äystö, J. (October 2022). "Mass measurements towards doubly magic 78Ni: Hydrodynamics versus nuclear mass contribution in core-collapse supernovae". Physics Letters B. 833: 137309. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137309.
↑ Shimizu, Y.; Kubo, T.; Sumikama, T.; Fukuda, N.; Takeda, H.; Suzuki, H.; Ahn, D. S.; Inabe, N.; Kusaka, K.; Ohtake, M.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Yoshida, K.; Ichikawa, Y.; Isobe, T.; Otsu, H.; Sato, H.; Sonoda, T.; Murai, D.; Iwasa, N.; Imai, N.; Hirayama, Y.; Jeong, S. C.; Kimura, S.; Miyatake, H.; Mukai, M.; Kim, D. G.; Kim, E.; Yagi, A. (8 April 2024). "Production of new neutron-rich isotopes near the N = 60 isotones Ge 92 and As 93 by in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/nucleon U 238 beam". Physical Review C. 109 (4). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.109.044313.
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